The Effectiveness of Exercise Combined With Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Chronic Pain

NCT ID: NCT03050528

Last Updated: 2020-11-12

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

Get a concise snapshot of the trial, including recruitment status, study phase, enrollment targets, and key timeline milestones.

Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

175 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2017-02-06

Study Completion Date

2018-12-30

Brief Summary

Review the sponsor-provided synopsis that highlights what the study is about and why it is being conducted.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a combined Exercise and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) programme, compared to a standalone supervised exercise intervention for patients with chronic pain. Chronic pain is a common problem, which can have a significant impact on quality of life. While there are many treatments available for chronic pain, research has shown that improvements are often modest and short-term.

Exercise therapy is known to be helpful for many chronic conditions and is recommended in clinical guidelines for the management of chronic pain. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is a form of psychological therapy, which focuses on improvement of function, rather than symptom reduction. There is an emphasis on psychological flexibility, values and mindfulness. This approach may be well suited to chronic pain, where symptoms can be beyond a person's control, but there is a need for further research, particularly with regards to combining ACT with a physical intervention.

This study will take place in a Dublin University hospital. Patients will be randomly allocated to a combined exercise and ACT treatment group or a standalone exercise group. Both groups will have weekly treatment for eight weeks and will be assessed before and after treatment, and again twelve weeks later. Questionnaires will be used to measure the effects of the treatment on the degree to which pain interferes with various aspects of daily life. Activity trackers will be worn to measure daily physical activity levels. A purposeful sample of participants from both groups will also be invited to participate in a qualitative study following treatment.

Detailed Description

Dive into the extended narrative that explains the scientific background, objectives, and procedures in greater depth.

This prospective, two-armed, parallel group, single-centre Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT) will assess the effectiveness of a combined Exercise and ACT programme, in comparison to a standalone supervised exercise intervention for chronic pain. One hundred and sixty patients aged 18 years and over, who have been diagnosed with a chronic pain condition by a medical doctor will be recruited to the trial. Participants will be individually randomised to one of two group interventions. The combined group will take part in eight, weekly psychology sessions based on the ACT approach, in addition to supervised exercise classes led by a physiotherapist. The control group will also attend eight, weekly supervised exercise classes but will not take part in ACT programme. All participants will be assessed at baseline, immediately post intervention and at twelve-week follow-up. The primary outcome will be pain interference at twelve-week follow-up, measured using the Brief Pain Inventory-Interference Scale. Secondary outcomes will include self-reported pain severity, pain related self-efficacy, quality of life, kinesiophobia, pain catastrophizing, pain acceptance, committed action, patient global impression of change, patient satisfaction with treatment, depression and anxiety. The number of investigations and pain related visits to healthcare professionals in the preceding three months will be recorded at baseline and twelve-week follow-up. Physical activity levels (average daily step count, distance travelled and active minutes) will be measured for all participants using Fitbit Zip activity trackers for one week prior to starting treatment and for the duration of the eight week intervention period. Participants will be invited to wear the activity trackers for one further week at the twelve-week follow-up time point.

Estimates of treatment effects at follow up time-points will be based on an intention-to-treat framework, implemented using a linear mixed effects model. A purposeful sample of participants will be invited to attend individual interviews and focus groups, twelve weeks following completion of the interventions. Semi-structured interviews will be conducted, with the aim of exploring the views of participants of both interventions in order to enhance understanding of how these types of interventions work.

Conditions

See the medical conditions and disease areas that this research is targeting or investigating.

Chronic Pain

Keywords

Explore important study keywords that can help with search, categorization, and topic discovery.

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Exercise Psychology Psychological therapy Physiotherapy Physical therapy

Study Design

Understand how the trial is structured, including allocation methods, masking strategies, primary purpose, and other design elements.

Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

SINGLE

Investigators
The academic Statistician (Dr Ricardo Segurado) and the Senior Researcher (Maire-Brid Casey) will be blind to group allocation. Dr Segurado will be responsible for data analysis. Máire-Bríd Casey will be responsible for data entry and will assist with data analysis.

Study Groups

Review each arm or cohort in the study, along with the interventions and objectives associated with them.

Combined Exercise and ACT treatment

Participants will attend a weekly group-based multidisciplinary pain programme for a period of eight weeks. The programme will combine exercise with the psychological approach acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT).

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Supervised Exercise

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants will attend the weekly supervised exercise sessions for a period of eight weeks. The classes will be delivered to groups of up to ten participants and will be led by a physiotherapist. The classes will be one hour and thirty minutes in duration and will feature two components: education/advice and exercise. The education/advice sessions will cover topics such as pacing and goal setting and the physiotherapist will answer any queries from the participants in relation to physical activity over the course of the eight weeks. The exercise component will involve the provision of individualised exercises based on each participant's personal goals and the sessions will feature a combination of aerobic, stretching and strengthening exercise in a pool and a gym setting.

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants will attend weekly group psychology sessions for an eight-week period. Each session will be two hours in duration and will delivered by a Senior Psychologist trained in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). The sessions will feature an ACT treatment process that is designed to promote psychological flexibility through various methods including acceptance and values awareness. The overall aim is to promote behaviour change, enhancing patient engagement in meaningful activities and reducing pain-avoidant behaviours. There is an emphasis on mindfulness, experiential learning and the use of metaphor which is unique to ACT.

Standalone supervised exercise

Participants will attend a weekly group-based supervised exercise class for a period of eight weeks.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Supervised Exercise

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants will attend the weekly supervised exercise sessions for a period of eight weeks. The classes will be delivered to groups of up to ten participants and will be led by a physiotherapist. The classes will be one hour and thirty minutes in duration and will feature two components: education/advice and exercise. The education/advice sessions will cover topics such as pacing and goal setting and the physiotherapist will answer any queries from the participants in relation to physical activity over the course of the eight weeks. The exercise component will involve the provision of individualised exercises based on each participant's personal goals and the sessions will feature a combination of aerobic, stretching and strengthening exercise in a pool and a gym setting.

Interventions

Learn about the drugs, procedures, or behavioral strategies being tested and how they are applied within this trial.

Supervised Exercise

Participants will attend the weekly supervised exercise sessions for a period of eight weeks. The classes will be delivered to groups of up to ten participants and will be led by a physiotherapist. The classes will be one hour and thirty minutes in duration and will feature two components: education/advice and exercise. The education/advice sessions will cover topics such as pacing and goal setting and the physiotherapist will answer any queries from the participants in relation to physical activity over the course of the eight weeks. The exercise component will involve the provision of individualised exercises based on each participant's personal goals and the sessions will feature a combination of aerobic, stretching and strengthening exercise in a pool and a gym setting.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy

Participants will attend weekly group psychology sessions for an eight-week period. Each session will be two hours in duration and will delivered by a Senior Psychologist trained in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). The sessions will feature an ACT treatment process that is designed to promote psychological flexibility through various methods including acceptance and values awareness. The overall aim is to promote behaviour change, enhancing patient engagement in meaningful activities and reducing pain-avoidant behaviours. There is an emphasis on mindfulness, experiential learning and the use of metaphor which is unique to ACT.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

Check the participation requirements, including inclusion and exclusion rules, age limits, and whether healthy volunteers are accepted.

Inclusion Criteria

* Adults aged 18 years and over who have been diagnosed with chronic pain by a medical doctor
* Presence of persistent pain of greater than 12 weeks
* Ability to provide informed consent
* Ability to communicate adequately in spoken and written english
* Score of ≥ 3 on pain interference subscale of the Brief Pain Inventory

Exclusion Criteria

* Need for further diagnostic evaluation
* Presence of major medical or psychiatric disorder which would impede ability to participate with treatment
* Presence of active cancer or cancer related pain
* Unstable inflammatory condition e.g. rheumatoid arthritis or gout
* Surgical or pain interventional procedure (e.g. spinal cord stimulator, rhizotomy, intra-articular or epidural injection) during the last 3 months.
* Concurrent participation, or participation in the previous 3 months with any form of psychological therapy, physiotherapy or supervised exercise intervention
* Previous participation in any form of multidisciplinary pain management programme
* Presence of substance misuse
* Presence of any contraindication to participation in a gym or pool based exercise programme such as shortness of breath at rest, unstable diabetes or epilepsy, recent myocardial infarction, stroke, pulmonary embolism, asthma attack
* Weight \> 125 kg or waist circumference \> 50 inches (restriction die to pool evacuation equipment)
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

Meet the organizations funding or collaborating on the study and learn about their roles.

Mater Misericordiae University Hospital

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Health Research Board, Ireland

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

King's College London

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

University College Dublin

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

Identify the individual or organization who holds primary responsibility for the study information submitted to regulators.

Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

Learn about the lead researchers overseeing the trial and their institutional affiliations.

Maire-Brid Casey, BSc, MMT

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University College Dublin

Locations

Explore where the study is taking place and check the recruitment status at each participating site.

Mater Misericordiae University Hospital

Dublin, , Ireland

Site Status

Countries

Review the countries where the study has at least one active or historical site.

Ireland

References

Explore related publications, articles, or registry entries linked to this study.

Breivik H, Collett B, Ventafridda V, Cohen R, Gallacher D. Survey of chronic pain in Europe: prevalence, impact on daily life, and treatment. Eur J Pain. 2006 May;10(4):287-333. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2005.06.009. Epub 2005 Aug 10.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 16095934 (View on PubMed)

Raftery MN, Ryan P, Normand C, Murphy AW, de la Harpe D, McGuire BE. The economic cost of chronic noncancer pain in Ireland: results from the PRIME study, part 2. J Pain. 2012 Feb;13(2):139-45. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2011.10.004.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 22300900 (View on PubMed)

Williams AC, Eccleston C, Morley S. Psychological therapies for the management of chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Nov 14;11(11):CD007407. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007407.pub3.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 23152245 (View on PubMed)

Veehof MM, Oskam MJ, Schreurs KMG, Bohlmeijer ET. Acceptance-based interventions for the treatment of chronic pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pain. 2011 Mar;152(3):533-542. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2010.11.002. Epub 2011 Jan 19.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 21251756 (View on PubMed)

Wetherell JL, Afari N, Rutledge T, Sorrell JT, Stoddard JA, Petkus AJ, Solomon BC, Lehman DH, Liu L, Lang AJ, Atkinson HJ. A randomized, controlled trial of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy for chronic pain. Pain. 2011 Sep;152(9):2098-2107. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2011.05.016. Epub 2011 Jun 17.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 21683527 (View on PubMed)

Casey MB, Smart KM, Segurado R, Hearty C, Gopal H, Lowry D, Flanagan D, McCracken L, Doody C. Exercise combined with Acceptance and Commitment Therapy compared with a standalone supervised exercise programme for adults with chronic pain: a randomised controlled trial. Pain. 2022 Jun 1;163(6):1158-1171. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002487. Epub 2021 Sep 24.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 34913883 (View on PubMed)

Casey MB, Smart K, Segurado R, Hearty C, Gopal H, Lowry D, Flanagan D, McCracken L, Doody C. Exercise combined with Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ExACT) compared to a supervised exercise programme for adults with chronic pain: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials. 2018 Mar 22;19(1):194. doi: 10.1186/s13063-018-2543-5.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 29566744 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

Review additional registry numbers or institutional identifiers associated with this trial.

1/378/1864

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id