Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Dolutegravir-Containing Versus Efavirenz-Containing Antiretroviral Therapy Regimens in HIV-1-Infected Pregnant Women and Their Infants

NCT ID: NCT03048422

Last Updated: 2022-11-21

Study Results

Results available

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Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

PHASE3

Total Enrollment

643 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2018-01-19

Study Completion Date

2020-10-03

Brief Summary

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The purpose of this study was to compare the virologic efficacy and safety of three antiretroviral (ARV) regimens, dolutegravir plus emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide, dolutegravir plus emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, and efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in pregnant women living with HIV-1 and to compare the safety of these regimens for their infants.

Detailed Description

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This study compared the virologic efficacy and safety of three ARV regimens in pregnant women living with HIV: dolutegravir (DTG) plus emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (FTC/TAF), DTG plus emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (FTC/TDF), and efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (EFV/FTC/TDF). The study also compared the safety of these regimens for their infants.

At study entry, mothers were randomly assigned to either receive DTG plus FTC/TAF (Arm 1), DTG plus FTC/TDF (Arm 2), or EFV/FTC/TDF (Arm 3) during pregnancy, through delivery, and for 50 weeks postpartum.

Mothers completed study visits at study entry and every four weeks during pregnancy. Study visits for mothers and their infants occurred at delivery and at 6, 14, 26, 38, and 50 weeks postpartum. Visits for mothers and infants included physical examinations and blood collection. Select study visits also included breast milk collection from mothers who breastfed, hair and urine collection, ultrasound scans, pregnancy testing, contraception counseling, and, for a subset of participants, dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans for mothers and their infants.

For pregnancy outcome measures, mothers and infants were evaluated together as mother-infant pairs, with any outcome between the two counting as an event (for example, if an infant was born small for gestational age, this would be a pregnancy outcome event for the mother-infant pair). For all other outcome measures, women and infants were evaluated separately.

Conditions

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HIV Infections

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Arm 1: Maternal DTG+FTC/TAF

Mothers randomized to receive dolutegravir (DTG) plus emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (FTC/TAF) during pregnancy, through delivery, and for 50 weeks postpartum.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Dolutegravir

Intervention Type DRUG

One 50 mg DTG tablet was administered orally once daily

Emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide

Intervention Type DRUG

One fixed-dose combination tablet (FTC 200 mg/TAF 25 mg) was administered orally once daily

Arm 2: Maternal DTG+FTC/TDF

Mothers randomized to receive DTG plus emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (FTC/TDF) during pregnancy, through delivery, and for 50 weeks postpartum.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Dolutegravir

Intervention Type DRUG

One 50 mg DTG tablet was administered orally once daily

Emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate

Intervention Type DRUG

One fixed-dose combination tablet (FTC 200 mg/TDF 300 mg) was administered orally once daily

Arm 3: Maternal EFV/FTC/TDF

Mothers randomized to receive efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (EFV/FTC/TDF) during pregnancy, through delivery, and for 50 weeks postpartum.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate

Intervention Type DRUG

One fixed-dose combination tablet (EFV 600 mg/FTC 200 mg/TDF 300 mg) was administered orally once daily

Arm 1 Infants

Infants born to women in Arm 1. Infants did not directly receive study intervention, but may have been exposed to the randomized treatment through placental or breastmilk transfer.

Group Type NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Arm 2 Infants

Infants born to women in Arm 2. Infants did not directly receive study intervention, but may have been exposed to the randomized treatment through placental or breastmilk transfer.

Group Type NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Arm 3 Infants

Infants born to women in Arm 3. Infants did not directly receive study intervention, but may have been exposed to the randomized treatment through placental or breastmilk transfer.

Group Type NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Interventions

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Dolutegravir

One 50 mg DTG tablet was administered orally once daily

Intervention Type DRUG

Emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide

One fixed-dose combination tablet (FTC 200 mg/TAF 25 mg) was administered orally once daily

Intervention Type DRUG

Emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate

One fixed-dose combination tablet (FTC 200 mg/TDF 300 mg) was administered orally once daily

Intervention Type DRUG

Efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate

One fixed-dose combination tablet (EFV 600 mg/FTC 200 mg/TDF 300 mg) was administered orally once daily

Intervention Type DRUG

Other Intervention Names

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DTG FTC/TAF FTC/TDF EFV/FTC/TDF

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Mother is able to provide written informed consent for her and her infant's participation in this study
* Mother has confirmed HIV-1 infection based on documented testing of two samples collected at different time points:

* Sample #1 may be tested using any of the following:
* Two rapid antibody tests from different manufacturers or based on different principles and epitopes
* One enzyme immunoassay (EIA) OR Western blot OR immunofluorescence assay OR chemiluminescence assay
* One HIV DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
* One quantitative HIV RNA PCR (above the limit of detection of the assay)
* One qualitative HIV RNA PCR
* One total HIV nucleic acid test
* Sample #2 may be tested using any of the following:
* One rapid antibody test. If this option is used in combination with two rapid tests for Sample #1, at least one of the three rapid tests must be FDA-approved and the third rapid test must be from a third manufacturer or based on a third principle or epitope.
* One EIA OR Western blot OR immunofluorescence assay OR chemiluminescence assay
* One HIV DNA PCR
* One quantitative HIV RNA PCR (above the limit of detection of the assay)
* One qualitative HIV RNA PCR
* One total HIV nucleic acid test.
* See the protocol for more information on this inclusion criterion.
* At screening, mother is ART-naive, defined as having not received prior antiretroviral therapy other than ARVs received during prior pregnancies or prior periods of breastfeeding (i.e., receipt of any single, dual, or triple ARV regimen during prior time-limited periods of pregnancy and breastfeeding is permitted). Receipt of up to 14 days of ARVs during the current pregnancy is permitted prior to study entry so that initiation of ARVs during the current pregnancy is not delayed during the study screening period. Note: Non-study ART may be initiated in the current pregnancy prior to initiation of the study screening process. For eligible participants, enrollment must occur within 14 days of non-study ART initiation. Note: Receipt of ARVs during a prior pregnancy or prior period of breastfeeding must have concluded at least six months prior to study entry. Receipt of TDF or FTC/TDF for pre-exposure prophylaxis at any time in the past is not exclusionary (even if received within six months prior to study entry).
* At screening, mother has the following laboratory test results (based on testing of samples collected within 14 days prior to study entry):

* Grade 1 or lower (less than 2.5 times upper limit of normal \[ULN\]) alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
* Grade 2 or lower (less than or equal to 1.8 times ULN) creatinine
* Grade 2 or lower (greater than or equal to 60 mL/min) estimated creatinine clearance (CrCl; Cockcroft-Gault formula). See the protocol for guidance on severity grading. Laboratory tests may be repeated during the study screening period, with the latest result used for eligibility determination.
* At screening and at study entry, no evidence of multiple gestation or fetal anomalies, as assessed by best available method
* At study entry, gestational age of 14-28 weeks, defined as greater than 13 weeks plus six days and less than 28 completed weeks gestation, estimated by best available method. Note: For this inclusion criterion and the previous inclusion criterion, fetal ultrasound is preferred but not required for purposes of eligibility determination. If ultrasound cannot be performed during the study screening period prior to study entry, it must be performed within 14 days after study entry. As further explained in the protocol, enrolled participants will not be withdrawn from the study based on ultrasound findings obtained after study entry.
* At study entry, mother expects to remain in the geographic area of the study site during pregnancy and for 50 weeks postpartum \[Eligibility criteria added per Letter of Amendment 1 to V2; July 2018\]:
* At study entry, mother reports that she does not wish to become pregnant again for at least 50 weeks after her current pregnancy and that she is willing to use effective contraception during this period. Effective contraception may include surgical sterilization (i.e., hysterectomy, bilateral oophorectomy, tubal ligation, or salpingectomy) or any of the following methods:

* Contraceptive intrauterine device (IUD) or intrauterine system (IUS)
* Subdermal contraceptive implant
* Progestogen injections
* Progestogen only oral contraceptive pills
* Combined estrogen and progestogen oral contraceptive pills
* Percutaneous contraceptive patches
* Contraceptive vaginal rings
* Note: IUDs, IUSs, implants, and injections are strongly recommended due to their lower failure rates with typical use. Male or female condom use is recommended with all contraceptive methods for dual protection against pregnancy and to avoid transmission of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections.

Exclusion Criteria

* Mother is currently incarcerated or involuntarily confined in a medical facility
* Mother is currently receiving:

* A psychoactive medication for treatment of a psychiatric illness
* Treatment for active tuberculosis
* Treatment for active hepatitis C infection
* Mother is expected to require treatment with interferon and/or ribavirin for hepatitis C infection during the study follow-up period
* Mother has a history of any of the following, as determined by the site investigator or designee based on maternal report and available medical records:

* Hypersensitivity or clinically significant adverse reaction to any of the ARVs included in the three study drug regimens (ever)
* Antiretroviral drug resistance mutations that would impact selection of ART regimen (ever)
* Clinically significant heart disease and/or known prolonged corrected QT (QTc) interval (ever)
* Suicidal ideation or attempt (ever)
* HIV-2 infection (ever)
* Zika virus infection, diagnosed or suspected, during the current pregnancy
* Receipt of any antiretroviral medication within six months prior to study entry, with two exceptions: receipt of any duration of TDF or FTC/TDF for pre-exposure prophylaxis or receipt of up to 14 days of ARVs during the current pregnancy
* Receipt of any prohibited medication within 14 days prior to study entry (see the protocol for more information)
* Clinically significant acute illness requiring systemic treatment and/or hospitalization (i.e., major medical condition that is likely to lead to hospitalization and/or to an adverse pregnancy outcome) within 14 days prior to study entry
* Unstable liver disease (defined by the presence of ascites, encephalopathy, coagulopathy, hypoalbuminemia, esophageal or gastric varices, or persistent jaundice) or known biliary abnormalities (with the exception of Gilbert's syndrome or asymptomatic gallstones) within 14 days prior to study entry
* Note: Testing to rule out HIV-2 infection is not required.
* Mother or fetus has any other condition that, in the opinion of the site investigator or designee, would make participation in the study unsafe, complicate interpretation of study outcome data, or otherwise interfere with achieving the study objectives
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

FEMALE

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)

NIH

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Shahin Lockman, MD, MSc

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and Brigham and Women's Hospital

Lameck Chinula, MBBS, MMED, FCOG

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

Kamuzu Central Hospital in Lilongwe, Malawi

Locations

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Univ. of Florida Jacksonville NICHD CRS

Jacksonville, Florida, United States

Site Status

Pediatric Perinatal HIV Clinical Trials Unit CRS

Miami, Florida, United States

Site Status

Gaborone CRS

Gaborone, South-East District, Botswana

Site Status

Molepolole CRS

Gaborone, , Botswana

Site Status

SOM Federal University Minas Gerais Brazil NICHD CRS

Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Site Status

Hospital Federal dos Servidores do Estado NICHD CRS

Rio de Janeiro, , Brazil

Site Status

Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagao Gesteira - UFRJ NICHD CRS

Rio de Janeiro, , Brazil

Site Status

Hosp. Geral De Nova Igaucu Brazil NICHD CRS

Rio de Janeiro, , Brazil

Site Status

Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Medical College (BJMC) CRS

Pune, Maharashtra, India

Site Status

Soweto IMPAACT CRS

Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa

Site Status

Wits RHI Shandukani Research Centre CRS

Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa

Site Status

Umlazi CRS

Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Site Status

Famcru Crs

Tygerberg, Western Cape, South Africa

Site Status

Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC)

Moshi, , Tanzania

Site Status

Siriraj Hospital ,Mahidol University NICHD CRS

Bangkok, Bangkoknoi, Thailand

Site Status

Chiangrai Prachanukroh Hospital NICHD CRS

Chiang Mai, , Thailand

Site Status

Chiang Mai University HIV Treatment (CMU HIV Treatment) CRS

Chiang Mai, , Thailand

Site Status

Baylor-Uganda CRS

Kampala, , Uganda

Site Status

Seke North CRS

Chitungwiza, , Zimbabwe

Site Status

St Mary's CRS

Chitungwiza, , Zimbabwe

Site Status

Harare Family Care CRS

Harare, , Zimbabwe

Site Status

Countries

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United States Botswana Brazil India South Africa Tanzania Thailand Uganda Zimbabwe

References

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Lockman S, Brummel SS, Ziemba L, Stranix-Chibanda L, McCarthy K, Coletti A, Jean-Philippe P, Johnston B, Krotje C, Fairlie L, Hoffman RM, Sax PE, Moyo S, Chakhtoura N, Stringer JS, Masheto G, Korutaro V, Cassim H, Mmbaga BT, Joao E, Hanley S, Purdue L, Holmes LB, Momper JD, Shapiro RL, Thoofer NK, Rooney JF, Frenkel LM, Amico KR, Chinula L, Currier J; IMPAACT 2010/VESTED Study Team and Investigators. Efficacy and safety of dolutegravir with emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide fumarate or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, and efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate HIV antiretroviral therapy regimens started in pregnancy (IMPAACT 2010/VESTED): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2021 Apr 3;397(10281):1276-1292. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00314-7.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 33812487 (View on PubMed)

Masheto G, Brummel SS, Ziemba L, Shepherd J, Mbengeranwa T, Igawa L, Coletti A, Mukura D, Rossouw L, Theron G, Krotje C, Jean-Philippe P, Chakhtoura N, Cassim H, Mathiba SR, Maena J, Murtaugh W, Fairlie L, Currier J, Hoffman R, Chinula L, Sax PE, Stranix-Chibanda L, Lockman S; IMPAACT 2010/VESTED Study Team and Investigators. Markers of Maternal Bone and Renal Toxicity Through 50 Weeks Postpartum: IMPAACT 2010 (VESTED) Trial. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2024 Oct 1;97(2):172-179. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000003478.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 39250651 (View on PubMed)

Eke AC, Brummel SS, Aliyu MH, Stranix-Chibanda L, Eleje GU, Ezebialu IU, Korutaro V, Wabwire D, Matubu A, Mbengeranwa T, Chakhtoura N, Chinula L, McCarthy K, Knowles K, Krotje C, Linton MF, Dooley KE, Sax PE, Brown T, Lockman S; IMPAACT 2010/VESTED Study Team. Lipid and Glucose Profiles in Pregnant Women With HIV on Tenofovir-based Antiretroviral Therapy. Clin Infect Dis. 2025 Mar 17;80(3):594-601. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciae441.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 39219495 (View on PubMed)

Jacobson DL, Crider KS, DeMarrais P, Brummel S, Zhang M, Pfeiffer CM, Moore CA, McCarthy K, Johnston B, Mohammed T, Vhembo T, Kabugho E, Muzorah GA, Cassim H, Fairlie L, Machado ES, Ngocho JS, Shapiro RL, Serghides L, Chakhtoura N, Chinula L, Lockman S. Dolutegravir- Versus Efavirenz-Based Treatment in Pregnancy: Impact on Red Blood Cell Folate Concentrations in Pregnant Women and Their Infants. J Infect Dis. 2024 Nov 15;230(5):1224-1234. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiae308.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 38877762 (View on PubMed)

Chinula L, Ziemba L, Brummel S, McCarthy K, Coletti A, Krotje C, Johnston B, Knowles K, Moyo S, Stranix-Chibanda L, Hoffman R, Sax PE, Stringer J, Chakhtoura N, Jean-Philippe P, Korutaro V, Cassim H, Fairlie L, Masheto G, Boyce C, Frenkel LM, Amico KR, Purdue L, Shapiro R, Mmbaga BT, Patel F, van Wyk J, Rooney JF, Currier JS, Lockman S; IMPAACT 2010/VESTED Study Team and Investigators. Efficacy and safety of three antiretroviral therapy regimens started in pregnancy up to 50 weeks post partum: a multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet HIV. 2023 Jun;10(6):e363-e374. doi: 10.1016/S2352-3018(23)00061-9. Epub 2023 May 8.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 37167996 (View on PubMed)

Provided Documents

Download supplemental materials such as informed consent forms, study protocols, or participant manuals.

Document Type: Study Protocol and Informed Consent Form: IMPAACT 2010 Protocol V2.0

View Document

Document Type: Study Protocol: IMPAACT 2010 Protocol V2.0_Letter of Amendment 1

View Document

Document Type: Study Protocol: IMPAACT 2010 Protocol V2.0_Letter of Amendment 2

View Document

Document Type: Study Protocol: IMPAACT 2010 Protocol V2.0_Letter of Amendment 3

View Document

Document Type: Statistical Analysis Plan

View Document

Related Links

Access external resources that provide additional context or updates about the study.

http://rsc.niaid.nih.gov/clinical-research-sites/daids-adverse-event-grading-tables

The Division of AIDS Table for Grading the Severity of Adult and Pediatric Adverse Events (DAIDS AE Grading Table), Corrected Version 2.1, dated July 2017, was used

http://intergrowth21.tghn.org/standards-tools/

Intergrowth 21st Standards, including reference for infants small for gestational age

http://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21800414/

Definition for major congenital anomalies

http://www-users.med.cornell.edu/~spon/picu/calc/crclschw.htm

Schwartz formula for calculating infant creatinine clearance

Other Identifiers

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30129

Identifier Type: REGISTRY

Identifier Source: secondary_id

IMPAACT 2010

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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