Trial Outcomes & Findings for Protonics Knee Brace Versus Hamstring Resisted Exercise (HRE) on Individuals With Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (NCT NCT03042559)

Results Overview

Anterior Pelvic Tilt: tilting of the pelvic will be measured with CHEK inclinometer. Tilting will be measured while subjects are in a standing position. The examiner will determine the two measure line marks, anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS) to find the oblique angle of the pelvic. Normative values from other study that we will be using to compare anterior pelvic tilt: Male = 9° and Female = 12° (from Nguyen study in 2007). The CHEK inclinometer caliper has two arms; one arm will be placed on ASIS (front of pelvis) while the other on the PSIS (back of pelvis). The angle of the caliper will be determined to record the degree of anterior pelvic tilt. Baseline measurement to Post-intervention measurement = Four (4) weeks.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

NA

Target enrollment

43 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

Baseline to Post intervention

Results posted on

2020-05-15

Participant Flow

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure	Protonics Knee Brace All subjects were fitted with a regular-sized Protonics knee brace with resistive settings to resist knee flexion. Protonics Knee brace: Protonics Therapy Program is separated into three phases for a period of 4 weeks. In each phase the patients will learn how to perform the Protonics neuromuscular repositioning technique, Protonics gait and open-chain exercise. All subjects will be asked to perform the exercise 3 times a week, 3 sets a day; every set is 10-15 repetitions for 4 weeks In phase one, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioning Techniques, Protonics gait through walking for up to 5 minutes or as tolerated, and preform warming up exercise. In phase two, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioning Techniques, Protonics gait through walking for up to 8 minutes or as tolerated, and preform three specific exercises in prone, supine and sitting position. In phase three, the subjects will perform Protonics exercises.	Sport Cords Resistive sports cord to resist knee flexion. Sports Cords: Sports Cord Therapy Program is separated into three phases for a period of 4 weeks. In each phase the patients will learn how to perform the sports cord gait and open-chain exercise. All subjects will be asked to perform the exercise 3 times a week, 3 sets a day; every set is 10-15 repetitions for 4 weeks. In phase one, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 5 minutes or as tolerated, and preform warming up exercise. In phase two, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 8 minutes or as tolerated, and preform three specific exercises in prone, supine and sitting position. In phase three, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 10 minutes or as tolerated, and preform one specific exercise in standing position.
Overall Study STARTED	22	21
Overall Study COMPLETED	21	20
Overall Study NOT COMPLETED	1	1

Reasons for withdrawal

Reasons for withdrawal
Measure	Protonics Knee Brace All subjects were fitted with a regular-sized Protonics knee brace with resistive settings to resist knee flexion. Protonics Knee brace: Protonics Therapy Program is separated into three phases for a period of 4 weeks. In each phase the patients will learn how to perform the Protonics neuromuscular repositioning technique, Protonics gait and open-chain exercise. All subjects will be asked to perform the exercise 3 times a week, 3 sets a day; every set is 10-15 repetitions for 4 weeks In phase one, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioning Techniques, Protonics gait through walking for up to 5 minutes or as tolerated, and preform warming up exercise. In phase two, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioning Techniques, Protonics gait through walking for up to 8 minutes or as tolerated, and preform three specific exercises in prone, supine and sitting position. In phase three, the subjects will perform Protonics exercises.	Sport Cords Resistive sports cord to resist knee flexion. Sports Cords: Sports Cord Therapy Program is separated into three phases for a period of 4 weeks. In each phase the patients will learn how to perform the sports cord gait and open-chain exercise. All subjects will be asked to perform the exercise 3 times a week, 3 sets a day; every set is 10-15 repetitions for 4 weeks. In phase one, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 5 minutes or as tolerated, and preform warming up exercise. In phase two, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 8 minutes or as tolerated, and preform three specific exercises in prone, supine and sitting position. In phase three, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 10 minutes or as tolerated, and preform one specific exercise in standing position.
Overall Study drop out	1	1

Baseline Characteristics

Race and Ethnicity were not collected from any participant.

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure	Protonics Knee Brace n=21 Participants Subjects were fitted with a regular-sized Protonics knee brace with resistive settings to resist knee flexion. Protonics Knee brace: Program was separated into three phases for a period of 4 weeks. Each phase the patients learned how to perform the Protonics neuromuscular repositioning technique, Protonics gait and open-chain exercise. Subjects asked to perform the exercise 3 times a week, 3 sets a day; every set is 10-15 repetitions for 4 weeks. Phase one, Subjects performed Protonics Neuromuscular repositioning Techniques, walking for up to 5 minutes or as tolerated, and preform warming up exercise. Phase two, subjects performed Protonics Neuromuscular repositioning Techniques, walking for up to 8 minutes or as tolerated, and preform three specific exercises in prone, supine and sitting position. Phase three, the subjects performed Protonics Neuromuscular repositioning Techniques, walking for up to 10 minutes or as tolerated, and preformed exercise in standing position.	Sport Cords n=20 Participants Resistive sports cord to resist knee flexion. Sports Cords: Sports Cord Therapy Program is separated into three phases for a period of 4 weeks. In each phase the patients will learn how to perform the sports cord gait and open-chain exercise. All subjects will be asked to perform the exercise 3 times a week, 3 sets a day; every set is 10-15 repetitions for 4 weeks. In phase one, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 5 minutes or as tolerated, and preform warming up exercise. In phase two, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 8 minutes or as tolerated, and preform three specific exercises in prone, supine and sitting position. In phase three, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 10 minutes or as tolerated, and preform one specific exercise in standing position.	Total n=41 Participants Total of all reporting groups
Age, Categorical <=18 years	0 Participants n=21 Participants	0 Participants n=20 Participants	0 Participants n=41 Participants
Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years	21 Participants n=21 Participants	20 Participants n=20 Participants	41 Participants n=41 Participants
Age, Categorical >=65 years	0 Participants n=21 Participants	0 Participants n=20 Participants	0 Participants n=41 Participants
Age, Continuous	30.8 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.6 • n=21 Participants	26.7 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 3 • n=20 Participants	28.81 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 5 • n=41 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Female	12 Participants n=21 Participants	8 Participants n=20 Participants	20 Participants n=41 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Male	9 Participants n=21 Participants	12 Participants n=20 Participants	21 Participants n=41 Participants
Race and Ethnicity Not Collected	—	—	0 Participants Race and Ethnicity were not collected from any participant.
Region of Enrollment United States	21 participants n=21 Participants	20 participants n=20 Participants	41 participants n=41 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline to Post intervention

Anterior Pelvic Tilt: tilting of the pelvic will be measured with CHEK inclinometer. Tilting will be measured while subjects are in a standing position. The examiner will determine the two measure line marks, anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS) to find the oblique angle of the pelvic. Normative values from other study that we will be using to compare anterior pelvic tilt: Male = 9° and Female = 12° (from Nguyen study in 2007). The CHEK inclinometer caliper has two arms; one arm will be placed on ASIS (front of pelvis) while the other on the PSIS (back of pelvis). The angle of the caliper will be determined to record the degree of anterior pelvic tilt. Baseline measurement to Post-intervention measurement = Four (4) weeks.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Protonics Knee Brace n=21 Participants All subjects were fitted with a regular-sized Protonics knee brace with resistive settings to resist knee flexion. Protonics Knee brace: Protonics Therapy Program is separated into three phases for a period of 4 weeks. In each phase the patients will learn how to perform the Protonics neuromuscular repositioning technique, Protonics gait and open-chain exercise. All subjects will be asked to perform the exercise 3 times a week, 3 sets a day; every set is 10-15 repetitions for 4 weeks In phase one, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioning Techniques, Protonics gait through walking for up to 5 minutes or as tolerated, and preform warming up exercise. In phase two, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioning Techniques, Protonics gait through walking for up to 8 minutes or as tolerated, and preform three specific exercises in prone, supine and sitting position. In phase three, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioni	Sport Cords n=20 Participants Resistive sports cord to resist knee flexion. Sports Cords: Sports Cord Therapy Program is separated into three phases for a period of 4 weeks. In each phase the patients will learn how to perform the sports cord gait and open-chain exercise. All subjects will be asked to perform the exercise 3 times a week, 3 sets a day; every set is 10-15 repetitions for 4 weeks. In phase one, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 5 minutes or as tolerated, and preform warming up exercise. In phase two, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 8 minutes or as tolerated, and preform three specific exercises in prone, supine and sitting position. In phase three, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 10 minutes or as tolerated, and preform one specific exercise in standing position.
Anterior Pelvic Tilt	5 degree Standard Deviation 2.8	3.2 degree Standard Deviation 2.8

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 2 weeks

Anterior Pelvic Tilt: tilting of the pelvic will be measured with CHEK inclinometer. Tilting will be measured while subjects are in a standing position. The examiner will determine the two measure line marks, anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS) to find the oblique angle of the pelvic. Approximate normally anterior pelvic tilt for male is 9° and for female is about 12° (Nguyen, 2007). The caliper has two arms; one arm will be placed on ASIP while the other on the PSIS. The angle of the caliper will be determined to record the degree of anterior pelvic tilt.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Protonics Knee Brace n=21 Participants All subjects were fitted with a regular-sized Protonics knee brace with resistive settings to resist knee flexion. Protonics Knee brace: Protonics Therapy Program is separated into three phases for a period of 4 weeks. In each phase the patients will learn how to perform the Protonics neuromuscular repositioning technique, Protonics gait and open-chain exercise. All subjects will be asked to perform the exercise 3 times a week, 3 sets a day; every set is 10-15 repetitions for 4 weeks In phase one, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioning Techniques, Protonics gait through walking for up to 5 minutes or as tolerated, and preform warming up exercise. In phase two, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioning Techniques, Protonics gait through walking for up to 8 minutes or as tolerated, and preform three specific exercises in prone, supine and sitting position. In phase three, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioni	Sport Cords n=20 Participants Resistive sports cord to resist knee flexion. Sports Cords: Sports Cord Therapy Program is separated into three phases for a period of 4 weeks. In each phase the patients will learn how to perform the sports cord gait and open-chain exercise. All subjects will be asked to perform the exercise 3 times a week, 3 sets a day; every set is 10-15 repetitions for 4 weeks. In phase one, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 5 minutes or as tolerated, and preform warming up exercise. In phase two, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 8 minutes or as tolerated, and preform three specific exercises in prone, supine and sitting position. In phase three, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 10 minutes or as tolerated, and preform one specific exercise in standing position.
Anterior Pelvic Tilt	3.1 degree Standard Deviation 2	2.5 degree Standard Deviation 2

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 4 weeks

Anterior Pelvic Tilt: tilting of the pelvic will be measured with CHEK inclinometer. Tilting will be measured while subjects are in a standing position. The examiner will determine the two measure line marks, anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS) to find the oblique angle of the pelvic. Approximate normally anterior pelvic tilt for male is 9° and for female is about 12° (Nguyen, 2007). The caliper has two arms; one arm will be placed on ASIP while the other on the PSIS. The angle of the caliper will be determined to record the degree of anterior pelvic tilt.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Protonics Knee Brace n=21 Participants All subjects were fitted with a regular-sized Protonics knee brace with resistive settings to resist knee flexion. Protonics Knee brace: Protonics Therapy Program is separated into three phases for a period of 4 weeks. In each phase the patients will learn how to perform the Protonics neuromuscular repositioning technique, Protonics gait and open-chain exercise. All subjects will be asked to perform the exercise 3 times a week, 3 sets a day; every set is 10-15 repetitions for 4 weeks In phase one, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioning Techniques, Protonics gait through walking for up to 5 minutes or as tolerated, and preform warming up exercise. In phase two, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioning Techniques, Protonics gait through walking for up to 8 minutes or as tolerated, and preform three specific exercises in prone, supine and sitting position. In phase three, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioni	Sport Cords n=20 Participants Resistive sports cord to resist knee flexion. Sports Cords: Sports Cord Therapy Program is separated into three phases for a period of 4 weeks. In each phase the patients will learn how to perform the sports cord gait and open-chain exercise. All subjects will be asked to perform the exercise 3 times a week, 3 sets a day; every set is 10-15 repetitions for 4 weeks. In phase one, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 5 minutes or as tolerated, and preform warming up exercise. In phase two, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 8 minutes or as tolerated, and preform three specific exercises in prone, supine and sitting position. In phase three, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 10 minutes or as tolerated, and preform one specific exercise in standing position.
Anterior Pelvic Tilt	2 degree Standard Deviation 1.6	1.9 degree Standard Deviation 1.6

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: baseline

The Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) is a subjective measure in which individuals rate their pain on an eleven-point numerical scale. The scale is composed of 0 (no pain at all) to 10 (worst imaginable pain).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Protonics Knee Brace n=21 Participants All subjects were fitted with a regular-sized Protonics knee brace with resistive settings to resist knee flexion. Protonics Knee brace: Protonics Therapy Program is separated into three phases for a period of 4 weeks. In each phase the patients will learn how to perform the Protonics neuromuscular repositioning technique, Protonics gait and open-chain exercise. All subjects will be asked to perform the exercise 3 times a week, 3 sets a day; every set is 10-15 repetitions for 4 weeks In phase one, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioning Techniques, Protonics gait through walking for up to 5 minutes or as tolerated, and preform warming up exercise. In phase two, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioning Techniques, Protonics gait through walking for up to 8 minutes or as tolerated, and preform three specific exercises in prone, supine and sitting position. In phase three, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioni	Sport Cords n=20 Participants Resistive sports cord to resist knee flexion. Sports Cords: Sports Cord Therapy Program is separated into three phases for a period of 4 weeks. In each phase the patients will learn how to perform the sports cord gait and open-chain exercise. All subjects will be asked to perform the exercise 3 times a week, 3 sets a day; every set is 10-15 repetitions for 4 weeks. In phase one, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 5 minutes or as tolerated, and preform warming up exercise. In phase two, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 8 minutes or as tolerated, and preform three specific exercises in prone, supine and sitting position. In phase three, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 10 minutes or as tolerated, and preform one specific exercise in standing position.
Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS)	4.5 cm Standard Deviation 1.2	3.8 cm Standard Deviation 1.9

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Immediately following 1st session

Used to assess pain level throughout the intervention. Scale: 0-10. Scoring: 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst, imaginable pain).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Protonics Knee Brace n=21 Participants All subjects were fitted with a regular-sized Protonics knee brace with resistive settings to resist knee flexion. Protonics Knee brace: Protonics Therapy Program is separated into three phases for a period of 4 weeks. In each phase the patients will learn how to perform the Protonics neuromuscular repositioning technique, Protonics gait and open-chain exercise. All subjects will be asked to perform the exercise 3 times a week, 3 sets a day; every set is 10-15 repetitions for 4 weeks In phase one, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioning Techniques, Protonics gait through walking for up to 5 minutes or as tolerated, and preform warming up exercise. In phase two, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioning Techniques, Protonics gait through walking for up to 8 minutes or as tolerated, and preform three specific exercises in prone, supine and sitting position. In phase three, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioni	Sport Cords n=20 Participants Resistive sports cord to resist knee flexion. Sports Cords: Sports Cord Therapy Program is separated into three phases for a period of 4 weeks. In each phase the patients will learn how to perform the sports cord gait and open-chain exercise. All subjects will be asked to perform the exercise 3 times a week, 3 sets a day; every set is 10-15 repetitions for 4 weeks. In phase one, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 5 minutes or as tolerated, and preform warming up exercise. In phase two, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 8 minutes or as tolerated, and preform three specific exercises in prone, supine and sitting position. In phase three, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 10 minutes or as tolerated, and preform one specific exercise in standing position.
Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS)	3 cm Standard Deviation 1.9	3.2 cm Standard Deviation 1.9

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 2 weeks

The Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) is a subjective measure in which individuals rate their pain on an eleven-point numerical scale. The scale is composed of 0 (no pain at all) to 10 (worst imaginable pain).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Protonics Knee Brace n=21 Participants All subjects were fitted with a regular-sized Protonics knee brace with resistive settings to resist knee flexion. Protonics Knee brace: Protonics Therapy Program is separated into three phases for a period of 4 weeks. In each phase the patients will learn how to perform the Protonics neuromuscular repositioning technique, Protonics gait and open-chain exercise. All subjects will be asked to perform the exercise 3 times a week, 3 sets a day; every set is 10-15 repetitions for 4 weeks In phase one, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioning Techniques, Protonics gait through walking for up to 5 minutes or as tolerated, and preform warming up exercise. In phase two, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioning Techniques, Protonics gait through walking for up to 8 minutes or as tolerated, and preform three specific exercises in prone, supine and sitting position. In phase three, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioni	Sport Cords n=20 Participants Resistive sports cord to resist knee flexion. Sports Cords: Sports Cord Therapy Program is separated into three phases for a period of 4 weeks. In each phase the patients will learn how to perform the sports cord gait and open-chain exercise. All subjects will be asked to perform the exercise 3 times a week, 3 sets a day; every set is 10-15 repetitions for 4 weeks. In phase one, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 5 minutes or as tolerated, and preform warming up exercise. In phase two, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 8 minutes or as tolerated, and preform three specific exercises in prone, supine and sitting position. In phase three, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 10 minutes or as tolerated, and preform one specific exercise in standing position.
Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS)	1.9 cm Standard Deviation 1.7	2.5 cm Standard Deviation 1.7

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 4 weeks

Used to assess pain level throughout the intervention. Scale: 0-10. Scoring: 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst, imaginable pain).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Protonics Knee Brace n=21 Participants All subjects were fitted with a regular-sized Protonics knee brace with resistive settings to resist knee flexion. Protonics Knee brace: Protonics Therapy Program is separated into three phases for a period of 4 weeks. In each phase the patients will learn how to perform the Protonics neuromuscular repositioning technique, Protonics gait and open-chain exercise. All subjects will be asked to perform the exercise 3 times a week, 3 sets a day; every set is 10-15 repetitions for 4 weeks In phase one, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioning Techniques, Protonics gait through walking for up to 5 minutes or as tolerated, and preform warming up exercise. In phase two, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioning Techniques, Protonics gait through walking for up to 8 minutes or as tolerated, and preform three specific exercises in prone, supine and sitting position. In phase three, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioni	Sport Cords n=20 Participants Resistive sports cord to resist knee flexion. Sports Cords: Sports Cord Therapy Program is separated into three phases for a period of 4 weeks. In each phase the patients will learn how to perform the sports cord gait and open-chain exercise. All subjects will be asked to perform the exercise 3 times a week, 3 sets a day; every set is 10-15 repetitions for 4 weeks. In phase one, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 5 minutes or as tolerated, and preform warming up exercise. In phase two, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 8 minutes or as tolerated, and preform three specific exercises in prone, supine and sitting position. In phase three, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 10 minutes or as tolerated, and preform one specific exercise in standing position.
Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS)	1.1 cm Standard Deviation 1.7	2 cm Standard Deviation 1.7

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Immediately following 1st session

GROC scales offer a flexible, quick, and simple method of charting self-assessed clinical progress in research and clinical settings. 15-Point: Scale -7 to 0 to +7. A score of 0 = No change, +1 to +3 = small positive change, +4 to +5 = Moderate positive change, +6 to +7 = Large positive change. All negative scores (minus numbers) represent a poor outcome (-7 being the worst possible outcome).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Protonics Knee Brace n=21 Participants All subjects were fitted with a regular-sized Protonics knee brace with resistive settings to resist knee flexion. Protonics Knee brace: Protonics Therapy Program is separated into three phases for a period of 4 weeks. In each phase the patients will learn how to perform the Protonics neuromuscular repositioning technique, Protonics gait and open-chain exercise. All subjects will be asked to perform the exercise 3 times a week, 3 sets a day; every set is 10-15 repetitions for 4 weeks In phase one, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioning Techniques, Protonics gait through walking for up to 5 minutes or as tolerated, and preform warming up exercise. In phase two, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioning Techniques, Protonics gait through walking for up to 8 minutes or as tolerated, and preform three specific exercises in prone, supine and sitting position. In phase three, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioni	Sport Cords n=20 Participants Resistive sports cord to resist knee flexion. Sports Cords: Sports Cord Therapy Program is separated into three phases for a period of 4 weeks. In each phase the patients will learn how to perform the sports cord gait and open-chain exercise. All subjects will be asked to perform the exercise 3 times a week, 3 sets a day; every set is 10-15 repetitions for 4 weeks. In phase one, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 5 minutes or as tolerated, and preform warming up exercise. In phase two, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 8 minutes or as tolerated, and preform three specific exercises in prone, supine and sitting position. In phase three, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 10 minutes or as tolerated, and preform one specific exercise in standing position.
Global Rating of Change (GROC)	1 units on a scale Standard Deviation 2.1	0 units on a scale Standard Deviation 2.1

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 2 weeks

GRC scales offer a flexible, quick, and simple method of charting self-assessed clinical progress in research and clinical settings. It ranges from -7 to 7, in which item -7 represent very great deal worse, 0 represent no change in progress, and 7 exemplify a very great better.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Protonics Knee Brace n=21 Participants All subjects were fitted with a regular-sized Protonics knee brace with resistive settings to resist knee flexion. Protonics Knee brace: Protonics Therapy Program is separated into three phases for a period of 4 weeks. In each phase the patients will learn how to perform the Protonics neuromuscular repositioning technique, Protonics gait and open-chain exercise. All subjects will be asked to perform the exercise 3 times a week, 3 sets a day; every set is 10-15 repetitions for 4 weeks In phase one, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioning Techniques, Protonics gait through walking for up to 5 minutes or as tolerated, and preform warming up exercise. In phase two, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioning Techniques, Protonics gait through walking for up to 8 minutes or as tolerated, and preform three specific exercises in prone, supine and sitting position. In phase three, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioni	Sport Cords n=20 Participants Resistive sports cord to resist knee flexion. Sports Cords: Sports Cord Therapy Program is separated into three phases for a period of 4 weeks. In each phase the patients will learn how to perform the sports cord gait and open-chain exercise. All subjects will be asked to perform the exercise 3 times a week, 3 sets a day; every set is 10-15 repetitions for 4 weeks. In phase one, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 5 minutes or as tolerated, and preform warming up exercise. In phase two, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 8 minutes or as tolerated, and preform three specific exercises in prone, supine and sitting position. In phase three, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 10 minutes or as tolerated, and preform one specific exercise in standing position.
Global Rating of Change (GROC)	3 units on a scale Standard Deviation 2.2	1.3 units on a scale Standard Deviation 2.2

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 4 weeks

GRC scales offer a flexible, quick, and simple method of charting self-assessed clinical progress in research and clinical settings. It ranges from -7 to 7, in which item -7 represent very great deal worse, 0 represent no change in progress, and 7 exemplify a very great better.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Protonics Knee Brace n=21 Participants All subjects were fitted with a regular-sized Protonics knee brace with resistive settings to resist knee flexion. Protonics Knee brace: Protonics Therapy Program is separated into three phases for a period of 4 weeks. In each phase the patients will learn how to perform the Protonics neuromuscular repositioning technique, Protonics gait and open-chain exercise. All subjects will be asked to perform the exercise 3 times a week, 3 sets a day; every set is 10-15 repetitions for 4 weeks In phase one, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioning Techniques, Protonics gait through walking for up to 5 minutes or as tolerated, and preform warming up exercise. In phase two, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioning Techniques, Protonics gait through walking for up to 8 minutes or as tolerated, and preform three specific exercises in prone, supine and sitting position. In phase three, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioni	Sport Cords n=20 Participants Resistive sports cord to resist knee flexion. Sports Cords: Sports Cord Therapy Program is separated into three phases for a period of 4 weeks. In each phase the patients will learn how to perform the sports cord gait and open-chain exercise. All subjects will be asked to perform the exercise 3 times a week, 3 sets a day; every set is 10-15 repetitions for 4 weeks. In phase one, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 5 minutes or as tolerated, and preform warming up exercise. In phase two, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 8 minutes or as tolerated, and preform three specific exercises in prone, supine and sitting position. In phase three, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 10 minutes or as tolerated, and preform one specific exercise in standing position.
Global Rating of Change (GROC)	4.6 units on a scale Standard Deviation 2.3	3 units on a scale Standard Deviation 2.3

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: baseline

A self-report questionnaire, which is used to evaluate subjective symptoms and functional limitations in subjects with PFPS with a score range between of 0 - 100 based on pain associated with variety of functional activities such as prolonged sitting, squatting, running, and jumping. A score close to 100 indicates a higher functional performance. A score close to 0 represents a low level of function. Kujala scale has shown acceptable test-retest reliability (rho = 0.86) (Paxon et al, 2003). Kujala scale scores will be documented at the beginning and end of the intervention program.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Protonics Knee Brace n=21 Participants All subjects were fitted with a regular-sized Protonics knee brace with resistive settings to resist knee flexion. Protonics Knee brace: Protonics Therapy Program is separated into three phases for a period of 4 weeks. In each phase the patients will learn how to perform the Protonics neuromuscular repositioning technique, Protonics gait and open-chain exercise. All subjects will be asked to perform the exercise 3 times a week, 3 sets a day; every set is 10-15 repetitions for 4 weeks In phase one, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioning Techniques, Protonics gait through walking for up to 5 minutes or as tolerated, and preform warming up exercise. In phase two, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioning Techniques, Protonics gait through walking for up to 8 minutes or as tolerated, and preform three specific exercises in prone, supine and sitting position. In phase three, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioni	Sport Cords n=20 Participants Resistive sports cord to resist knee flexion. Sports Cords: Sports Cord Therapy Program is separated into three phases for a period of 4 weeks. In each phase the patients will learn how to perform the sports cord gait and open-chain exercise. All subjects will be asked to perform the exercise 3 times a week, 3 sets a day; every set is 10-15 repetitions for 4 weeks. In phase one, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 5 minutes or as tolerated, and preform warming up exercise. In phase two, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 8 minutes or as tolerated, and preform three specific exercises in prone, supine and sitting position. In phase three, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 10 minutes or as tolerated, and preform one specific exercise in standing position.
Kujala Score	74.8 points Standard Deviation 12.1	79.3 points Standard Deviation 12.1

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 4 weeks

A self-report questionnaire, which is used to evaluate subjective symptoms and functional limitations in subjects with PFPS with a score range between of 0 - 100 based on pain associated with variety of functional activities such as prolonged sitting, squatting, running, and jumping. A score close to 100 indicates a higher functional performance. Kujala scale has shown acceptable test-retest reliability (rho = 0.86) (Paxon et al, 2003). Kujala scale scores will be documented at the beginning and end of the intervention program.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Protonics Knee Brace n=21 Participants All subjects were fitted with a regular-sized Protonics knee brace with resistive settings to resist knee flexion. Protonics Knee brace: Protonics Therapy Program is separated into three phases for a period of 4 weeks. In each phase the patients will learn how to perform the Protonics neuromuscular repositioning technique, Protonics gait and open-chain exercise. All subjects will be asked to perform the exercise 3 times a week, 3 sets a day; every set is 10-15 repetitions for 4 weeks In phase one, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioning Techniques, Protonics gait through walking for up to 5 minutes or as tolerated, and preform warming up exercise. In phase two, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioning Techniques, Protonics gait through walking for up to 8 minutes or as tolerated, and preform three specific exercises in prone, supine and sitting position. In phase three, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioni	Sport Cords n=20 Participants Resistive sports cord to resist knee flexion. Sports Cords: Sports Cord Therapy Program is separated into three phases for a period of 4 weeks. In each phase the patients will learn how to perform the sports cord gait and open-chain exercise. All subjects will be asked to perform the exercise 3 times a week, 3 sets a day; every set is 10-15 repetitions for 4 weeks. In phase one, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 5 minutes or as tolerated, and preform warming up exercise. In phase two, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 8 minutes or as tolerated, and preform three specific exercises in prone, supine and sitting position. In phase three, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 10 minutes or as tolerated, and preform one specific exercise in standing position.
Kujala Score	87.5 points Standard Deviation 15.1	87.5 points Standard Deviation 15.1

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: baseline

Lateral step test: is a quick and simple practical clinical measure of functional. Subjects with PFPS will be asked to step up and down on a 15-cm step for 15 seconds each with a cadence of 2 steps per second. The total number of step-ups during this time will be recorded. Subjects will be asked to report a verbal pain score during the step-up test at each test session. This test will be performed every two weeks to document any improvement in the functional performance. The test has shown to be reliable and valid, with test-retest reliability of (ICC = 0.90) (Ross et al, 1997).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Protonics Knee Brace n=21 Participants All subjects were fitted with a regular-sized Protonics knee brace with resistive settings to resist knee flexion. Protonics Knee brace: Protonics Therapy Program is separated into three phases for a period of 4 weeks. In each phase the patients will learn how to perform the Protonics neuromuscular repositioning technique, Protonics gait and open-chain exercise. All subjects will be asked to perform the exercise 3 times a week, 3 sets a day; every set is 10-15 repetitions for 4 weeks In phase one, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioning Techniques, Protonics gait through walking for up to 5 minutes or as tolerated, and preform warming up exercise. In phase two, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioning Techniques, Protonics gait through walking for up to 8 minutes or as tolerated, and preform three specific exercises in prone, supine and sitting position. In phase three, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioni	Sport Cords n=20 Participants Resistive sports cord to resist knee flexion. Sports Cords: Sports Cord Therapy Program is separated into three phases for a period of 4 weeks. In each phase the patients will learn how to perform the sports cord gait and open-chain exercise. All subjects will be asked to perform the exercise 3 times a week, 3 sets a day; every set is 10-15 repetitions for 4 weeks. In phase one, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 5 minutes or as tolerated, and preform warming up exercise. In phase two, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 8 minutes or as tolerated, and preform three specific exercises in prone, supine and sitting position. In phase three, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 10 minutes or as tolerated, and preform one specific exercise in standing position.
Lateral Step-Down Test	7 steps Standard Deviation 2.7	9.1 steps Standard Deviation 2.7

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Immediately following 1st session

Lateral step test: is a quick and simple practical clinical measure of functional. Subjects with PFPS will be asked to step up and down on a 15-cm step for 15 seconds each with a cadence of 2 steps per second. The total number of step-ups during this time will be recorded. Subjects will be asked to report a verbal pain score during the step-up test at each test session. This test will be performed every two weeks to document any improvement in the functional performance. The test has shown to be reliable and valid, with test-retest reliability of (ICC = 0.90) (Ross et al, 1997).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Protonics Knee Brace n=21 Participants All subjects were fitted with a regular-sized Protonics knee brace with resistive settings to resist knee flexion. Protonics Knee brace: Protonics Therapy Program is separated into three phases for a period of 4 weeks. In each phase the patients will learn how to perform the Protonics neuromuscular repositioning technique, Protonics gait and open-chain exercise. All subjects will be asked to perform the exercise 3 times a week, 3 sets a day; every set is 10-15 repetitions for 4 weeks In phase one, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioning Techniques, Protonics gait through walking for up to 5 minutes or as tolerated, and preform warming up exercise. In phase two, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioning Techniques, Protonics gait through walking for up to 8 minutes or as tolerated, and preform three specific exercises in prone, supine and sitting position. In phase three, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioni	Sport Cords n=20 Participants Resistive sports cord to resist knee flexion. Sports Cords: Sports Cord Therapy Program is separated into three phases for a period of 4 weeks. In each phase the patients will learn how to perform the sports cord gait and open-chain exercise. All subjects will be asked to perform the exercise 3 times a week, 3 sets a day; every set is 10-15 repetitions for 4 weeks. In phase one, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 5 minutes or as tolerated, and preform warming up exercise. In phase two, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 8 minutes or as tolerated, and preform three specific exercises in prone, supine and sitting position. In phase three, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 10 minutes or as tolerated, and preform one specific exercise in standing position.
Lateral Step-Down Test	9.6 steps Standard Deviation 3.3	11.8 steps Standard Deviation 3.3

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 2 weeks

Lateral step test: is a quick and simple practical clinical measure of functional. Subjects with PFPS will be asked to step up and down on a 15-cm step for 15 seconds each with a cadence of 2 steps per second. The total number of step-ups during this time will be recorded. This test will be performed every two weeks to document any improvement in the functional performance. The test has shown to be reliable and valid, with test-retest reliability of (ICC = 0.90) (Ross et al, 1997).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Protonics Knee Brace n=21 Participants All subjects were fitted with a regular-sized Protonics knee brace with resistive settings to resist knee flexion. Protonics Knee brace: Protonics Therapy Program is separated into three phases for a period of 4 weeks. In each phase the patients will learn how to perform the Protonics neuromuscular repositioning technique, Protonics gait and open-chain exercise. All subjects will be asked to perform the exercise 3 times a week, 3 sets a day; every set is 10-15 repetitions for 4 weeks In phase one, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioning Techniques, Protonics gait through walking for up to 5 minutes or as tolerated, and preform warming up exercise. In phase two, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioning Techniques, Protonics gait through walking for up to 8 minutes or as tolerated, and preform three specific exercises in prone, supine and sitting position. In phase three, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioni	Sport Cords n=20 Participants Resistive sports cord to resist knee flexion. Sports Cords: Sports Cord Therapy Program is separated into three phases for a period of 4 weeks. In each phase the patients will learn how to perform the sports cord gait and open-chain exercise. All subjects will be asked to perform the exercise 3 times a week, 3 sets a day; every set is 10-15 repetitions for 4 weeks. In phase one, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 5 minutes or as tolerated, and preform warming up exercise. In phase two, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 8 minutes or as tolerated, and preform three specific exercises in prone, supine and sitting position. In phase three, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 10 minutes or as tolerated, and preform one specific exercise in standing position.
Lateral Step-Down Test	13.3 steps Standard Deviation 3.2	14.7 steps Standard Deviation 3.2

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 4 weeks

Lateral step test: is a quick and simple practical clinical measure of functional. Subjects with PFPS will be asked to step up and down on a 15-cm step for 15 seconds each with a cadence of 2 steps per second. The total number of step-ups during this time will be recorded. This test will be performed every two weeks to document any improvement in the functional performance. The test has shown to be reliable and valid, with test-retest reliability of (ICC = 0.90) (Ross et al, 1997).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Protonics Knee Brace n=21 Participants All subjects were fitted with a regular-sized Protonics knee brace with resistive settings to resist knee flexion. Protonics Knee brace: Protonics Therapy Program is separated into three phases for a period of 4 weeks. In each phase the patients will learn how to perform the Protonics neuromuscular repositioning technique, Protonics gait and open-chain exercise. All subjects will be asked to perform the exercise 3 times a week, 3 sets a day; every set is 10-15 repetitions for 4 weeks In phase one, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioning Techniques, Protonics gait through walking for up to 5 minutes or as tolerated, and preform warming up exercise. In phase two, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioning Techniques, Protonics gait through walking for up to 8 minutes or as tolerated, and preform three specific exercises in prone, supine and sitting position. In phase three, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioni	Sport Cords n=20 Participants Resistive sports cord to resist knee flexion. Sports Cords: Sports Cord Therapy Program is separated into three phases for a period of 4 weeks. In each phase the patients will learn how to perform the sports cord gait and open-chain exercise. All subjects will be asked to perform the exercise 3 times a week, 3 sets a day; every set is 10-15 repetitions for 4 weeks. In phase one, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 5 minutes or as tolerated, and preform warming up exercise. In phase two, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 8 minutes or as tolerated, and preform three specific exercises in prone, supine and sitting position. In phase three, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 10 minutes or as tolerated, and preform one specific exercise in standing position.
Lateral Step-Down Test	16.3 steps Standard Deviation 3.3	16.8 steps Standard Deviation 3.3

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: baseline

To assess the flexibility of iliotibial band

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Protonics Knee Brace n=21 Participants All subjects were fitted with a regular-sized Protonics knee brace with resistive settings to resist knee flexion. Protonics Knee brace: Protonics Therapy Program is separated into three phases for a period of 4 weeks. In each phase the patients will learn how to perform the Protonics neuromuscular repositioning technique, Protonics gait and open-chain exercise. All subjects will be asked to perform the exercise 3 times a week, 3 sets a day; every set is 10-15 repetitions for 4 weeks In phase one, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioning Techniques, Protonics gait through walking for up to 5 minutes or as tolerated, and preform warming up exercise. In phase two, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioning Techniques, Protonics gait through walking for up to 8 minutes or as tolerated, and preform three specific exercises in prone, supine and sitting position. In phase three, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioni	Sport Cords n=20 Participants Resistive sports cord to resist knee flexion. Sports Cords: Sports Cord Therapy Program is separated into three phases for a period of 4 weeks. In each phase the patients will learn how to perform the sports cord gait and open-chain exercise. All subjects will be asked to perform the exercise 3 times a week, 3 sets a day; every set is 10-15 repetitions for 4 weeks. In phase one, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 5 minutes or as tolerated, and preform warming up exercise. In phase two, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 8 minutes or as tolerated, and preform three specific exercises in prone, supine and sitting position. In phase three, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 10 minutes or as tolerated, and preform one specific exercise in standing position.
Iliotibial Band Flexibility	3.5 degree Standard Deviation 2.7	3.2 degree Standard Deviation 2.7

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Immediately following 1st session

To assess the flexibility of iliotibial band

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Protonics Knee Brace n=21 Participants All subjects were fitted with a regular-sized Protonics knee brace with resistive settings to resist knee flexion. Protonics Knee brace: Protonics Therapy Program is separated into three phases for a period of 4 weeks. In each phase the patients will learn how to perform the Protonics neuromuscular repositioning technique, Protonics gait and open-chain exercise. All subjects will be asked to perform the exercise 3 times a week, 3 sets a day; every set is 10-15 repetitions for 4 weeks In phase one, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioning Techniques, Protonics gait through walking for up to 5 minutes or as tolerated, and preform warming up exercise. In phase two, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioning Techniques, Protonics gait through walking for up to 8 minutes or as tolerated, and preform three specific exercises in prone, supine and sitting position. In phase three, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioni	Sport Cords n=20 Participants Resistive sports cord to resist knee flexion. Sports Cords: Sports Cord Therapy Program is separated into three phases for a period of 4 weeks. In each phase the patients will learn how to perform the sports cord gait and open-chain exercise. All subjects will be asked to perform the exercise 3 times a week, 3 sets a day; every set is 10-15 repetitions for 4 weeks. In phase one, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 5 minutes or as tolerated, and preform warming up exercise. In phase two, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 8 minutes or as tolerated, and preform three specific exercises in prone, supine and sitting position. In phase three, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 10 minutes or as tolerated, and preform one specific exercise in standing position.
Iliotibial Band Flexibility	2.1 degree Standard Deviation 2.3	2.5 degree Standard Deviation 2.3

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 2 weeks

To assess the flexibility of iliotibial band

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Protonics Knee Brace n=21 Participants All subjects were fitted with a regular-sized Protonics knee brace with resistive settings to resist knee flexion. Protonics Knee brace: Protonics Therapy Program is separated into three phases for a period of 4 weeks. In each phase the patients will learn how to perform the Protonics neuromuscular repositioning technique, Protonics gait and open-chain exercise. All subjects will be asked to perform the exercise 3 times a week, 3 sets a day; every set is 10-15 repetitions for 4 weeks In phase one, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioning Techniques, Protonics gait through walking for up to 5 minutes or as tolerated, and preform warming up exercise. In phase two, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioning Techniques, Protonics gait through walking for up to 8 minutes or as tolerated, and preform three specific exercises in prone, supine and sitting position. In phase three, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioni	Sport Cords n=20 Participants Resistive sports cord to resist knee flexion. Sports Cords: Sports Cord Therapy Program is separated into three phases for a period of 4 weeks. In each phase the patients will learn how to perform the sports cord gait and open-chain exercise. All subjects will be asked to perform the exercise 3 times a week, 3 sets a day; every set is 10-15 repetitions for 4 weeks. In phase one, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 5 minutes or as tolerated, and preform warming up exercise. In phase two, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 8 minutes or as tolerated, and preform three specific exercises in prone, supine and sitting position. In phase three, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 10 minutes or as tolerated, and preform one specific exercise in standing position.
Iliotibial Band Flexibility	2.8 degree Standard Deviation 1.9	1.8 degree Standard Deviation 1.9

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 4 weeks

To assess the flexibility of iliotibial band

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Protonics Knee Brace n=21 Participants All subjects were fitted with a regular-sized Protonics knee brace with resistive settings to resist knee flexion. Protonics Knee brace: Protonics Therapy Program is separated into three phases for a period of 4 weeks. In each phase the patients will learn how to perform the Protonics neuromuscular repositioning technique, Protonics gait and open-chain exercise. All subjects will be asked to perform the exercise 3 times a week, 3 sets a day; every set is 10-15 repetitions for 4 weeks In phase one, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioning Techniques, Protonics gait through walking for up to 5 minutes or as tolerated, and preform warming up exercise. In phase two, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioning Techniques, Protonics gait through walking for up to 8 minutes or as tolerated, and preform three specific exercises in prone, supine and sitting position. In phase three, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioni	Sport Cords n=20 Participants Resistive sports cord to resist knee flexion. Sports Cords: Sports Cord Therapy Program is separated into three phases for a period of 4 weeks. In each phase the patients will learn how to perform the sports cord gait and open-chain exercise. All subjects will be asked to perform the exercise 3 times a week, 3 sets a day; every set is 10-15 repetitions for 4 weeks. In phase one, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 5 minutes or as tolerated, and preform warming up exercise. In phase two, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 8 minutes or as tolerated, and preform three specific exercises in prone, supine and sitting position. In phase three, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 10 minutes or as tolerated, and preform one specific exercise in standing position.
Iliotibial Band Flexibility	0.4 degree Standard Deviation 2.2	12 degree Standard Deviation 2.2

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: baseline

To measure the internal rotation of hip in sitting natural position with hip and knee on 90 degree flexion

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Protonics Knee Brace n=21 Participants All subjects were fitted with a regular-sized Protonics knee brace with resistive settings to resist knee flexion. Protonics Knee brace: Protonics Therapy Program is separated into three phases for a period of 4 weeks. In each phase the patients will learn how to perform the Protonics neuromuscular repositioning technique, Protonics gait and open-chain exercise. All subjects will be asked to perform the exercise 3 times a week, 3 sets a day; every set is 10-15 repetitions for 4 weeks In phase one, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioning Techniques, Protonics gait through walking for up to 5 minutes or as tolerated, and preform warming up exercise. In phase two, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioning Techniques, Protonics gait through walking for up to 8 minutes or as tolerated, and preform three specific exercises in prone, supine and sitting position. In phase three, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioni	Sport Cords n=20 Participants Resistive sports cord to resist knee flexion. Sports Cords: Sports Cord Therapy Program is separated into three phases for a period of 4 weeks. In each phase the patients will learn how to perform the sports cord gait and open-chain exercise. All subjects will be asked to perform the exercise 3 times a week, 3 sets a day; every set is 10-15 repetitions for 4 weeks. In phase one, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 5 minutes or as tolerated, and preform warming up exercise. In phase two, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 8 minutes or as tolerated, and preform three specific exercises in prone, supine and sitting position. In phase three, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 10 minutes or as tolerated, and preform one specific exercise in standing position.
Hip Internal Rotation ROM	25.9 degree Standard Deviation 7	28.8 degree Standard Deviation 7

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Immediately following 1st session

To measure the internal rotation of hip in sitting natural position with hip and knee on 90 degree flexion

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Protonics Knee Brace n=21 Participants All subjects were fitted with a regular-sized Protonics knee brace with resistive settings to resist knee flexion. Protonics Knee brace: Protonics Therapy Program is separated into three phases for a period of 4 weeks. In each phase the patients will learn how to perform the Protonics neuromuscular repositioning technique, Protonics gait and open-chain exercise. All subjects will be asked to perform the exercise 3 times a week, 3 sets a day; every set is 10-15 repetitions for 4 weeks In phase one, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioning Techniques, Protonics gait through walking for up to 5 minutes or as tolerated, and preform warming up exercise. In phase two, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioning Techniques, Protonics gait through walking for up to 8 minutes or as tolerated, and preform three specific exercises in prone, supine and sitting position. In phase three, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioni	Sport Cords n=20 Participants Resistive sports cord to resist knee flexion. Sports Cords: Sports Cord Therapy Program is separated into three phases for a period of 4 weeks. In each phase the patients will learn how to perform the sports cord gait and open-chain exercise. All subjects will be asked to perform the exercise 3 times a week, 3 sets a day; every set is 10-15 repetitions for 4 weeks. In phase one, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 5 minutes or as tolerated, and preform warming up exercise. In phase two, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 8 minutes or as tolerated, and preform three specific exercises in prone, supine and sitting position. In phase three, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 10 minutes or as tolerated, and preform one specific exercise in standing position.
Hip Internal Rotation ROM	25.5 degree Standard Deviation 5.5	29.3 degree Standard Deviation 5.5

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 2 weeks

To measure the internal rotation of hip in sitting natural position with hip and knee on 90 degree flexion

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Protonics Knee Brace n=21 Participants All subjects were fitted with a regular-sized Protonics knee brace with resistive settings to resist knee flexion. Protonics Knee brace: Protonics Therapy Program is separated into three phases for a period of 4 weeks. In each phase the patients will learn how to perform the Protonics neuromuscular repositioning technique, Protonics gait and open-chain exercise. All subjects will be asked to perform the exercise 3 times a week, 3 sets a day; every set is 10-15 repetitions for 4 weeks In phase one, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioning Techniques, Protonics gait through walking for up to 5 minutes or as tolerated, and preform warming up exercise. In phase two, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioning Techniques, Protonics gait through walking for up to 8 minutes or as tolerated, and preform three specific exercises in prone, supine and sitting position. In phase three, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioni	Sport Cords n=20 Participants Resistive sports cord to resist knee flexion. Sports Cords: Sports Cord Therapy Program is separated into three phases for a period of 4 weeks. In each phase the patients will learn how to perform the sports cord gait and open-chain exercise. All subjects will be asked to perform the exercise 3 times a week, 3 sets a day; every set is 10-15 repetitions for 4 weeks. In phase one, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 5 minutes or as tolerated, and preform warming up exercise. In phase two, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 8 minutes or as tolerated, and preform three specific exercises in prone, supine and sitting position. In phase three, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 10 minutes or as tolerated, and preform one specific exercise in standing position.
Hip Internal Rotation ROM	29.2 degree Standard Deviation 5	31.6 degree Standard Deviation 5

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 4 weeks

To measure the internal rotation of hip in sitting natural position with hip and knee on 90 degree flexion

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Protonics Knee Brace n=21 Participants All subjects were fitted with a regular-sized Protonics knee brace with resistive settings to resist knee flexion. Protonics Knee brace: Protonics Therapy Program is separated into three phases for a period of 4 weeks. In each phase the patients will learn how to perform the Protonics neuromuscular repositioning technique, Protonics gait and open-chain exercise. All subjects will be asked to perform the exercise 3 times a week, 3 sets a day; every set is 10-15 repetitions for 4 weeks In phase one, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioning Techniques, Protonics gait through walking for up to 5 minutes or as tolerated, and preform warming up exercise. In phase two, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioning Techniques, Protonics gait through walking for up to 8 minutes or as tolerated, and preform three specific exercises in prone, supine and sitting position. In phase three, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioni	Sport Cords n=20 Participants Resistive sports cord to resist knee flexion. Sports Cords: Sports Cord Therapy Program is separated into three phases for a period of 4 weeks. In each phase the patients will learn how to perform the sports cord gait and open-chain exercise. All subjects will be asked to perform the exercise 3 times a week, 3 sets a day; every set is 10-15 repetitions for 4 weeks. In phase one, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 5 minutes or as tolerated, and preform warming up exercise. In phase two, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 8 minutes or as tolerated, and preform three specific exercises in prone, supine and sitting position. In phase three, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 10 minutes or as tolerated, and preform one specific exercise in standing position.
Hip Internal Rotation ROM	29.4 degree Standard Deviation 5.8	32.6 degree Standard Deviation 5.8

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: baseline

To measure the External rotation of hip in sitting natural position with hip and knee on 90 degree flexion

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Protonics Knee Brace n=21 Participants All subjects were fitted with a regular-sized Protonics knee brace with resistive settings to resist knee flexion. Protonics Knee brace: Protonics Therapy Program is separated into three phases for a period of 4 weeks. In each phase the patients will learn how to perform the Protonics neuromuscular repositioning technique, Protonics gait and open-chain exercise. All subjects will be asked to perform the exercise 3 times a week, 3 sets a day; every set is 10-15 repetitions for 4 weeks In phase one, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioning Techniques, Protonics gait through walking for up to 5 minutes or as tolerated, and preform warming up exercise. In phase two, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioning Techniques, Protonics gait through walking for up to 8 minutes or as tolerated, and preform three specific exercises in prone, supine and sitting position. In phase three, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioni	Sport Cords n=20 Participants Resistive sports cord to resist knee flexion. Sports Cords: Sports Cord Therapy Program is separated into three phases for a period of 4 weeks. In each phase the patients will learn how to perform the sports cord gait and open-chain exercise. All subjects will be asked to perform the exercise 3 times a week, 3 sets a day; every set is 10-15 repetitions for 4 weeks. In phase one, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 5 minutes or as tolerated, and preform warming up exercise. In phase two, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 8 minutes or as tolerated, and preform three specific exercises in prone, supine and sitting position. In phase three, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 10 minutes or as tolerated, and preform one specific exercise in standing position.
Hip External Rotation ROM	31.3 degree Standard Deviation 4.9	31.3 degree Standard Deviation 4.9

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Immediately following 1st session

To measure the External rotation of hip in sitting natural position with hip and knee on 90 degree flexion

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Protonics Knee Brace n=21 Participants All subjects were fitted with a regular-sized Protonics knee brace with resistive settings to resist knee flexion. Protonics Knee brace: Protonics Therapy Program is separated into three phases for a period of 4 weeks. In each phase the patients will learn how to perform the Protonics neuromuscular repositioning technique, Protonics gait and open-chain exercise. All subjects will be asked to perform the exercise 3 times a week, 3 sets a day; every set is 10-15 repetitions for 4 weeks In phase one, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioning Techniques, Protonics gait through walking for up to 5 minutes or as tolerated, and preform warming up exercise. In phase two, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioning Techniques, Protonics gait through walking for up to 8 minutes or as tolerated, and preform three specific exercises in prone, supine and sitting position. In phase three, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioni	Sport Cords n=20 Participants Resistive sports cord to resist knee flexion. Sports Cords: Sports Cord Therapy Program is separated into three phases for a period of 4 weeks. In each phase the patients will learn how to perform the sports cord gait and open-chain exercise. All subjects will be asked to perform the exercise 3 times a week, 3 sets a day; every set is 10-15 repetitions for 4 weeks. In phase one, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 5 minutes or as tolerated, and preform warming up exercise. In phase two, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 8 minutes or as tolerated, and preform three specific exercises in prone, supine and sitting position. In phase three, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 10 minutes or as tolerated, and preform one specific exercise in standing position.
Hip External Rotation ROM	32.2 degree Standard Deviation 5	32.5 degree Standard Deviation 5

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 2 weeks

To measure the external rotation of hip in sitting natural position with hip and knee on 90 degree flexion

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Protonics Knee Brace n=21 Participants All subjects were fitted with a regular-sized Protonics knee brace with resistive settings to resist knee flexion. Protonics Knee brace: Protonics Therapy Program is separated into three phases for a period of 4 weeks. In each phase the patients will learn how to perform the Protonics neuromuscular repositioning technique, Protonics gait and open-chain exercise. All subjects will be asked to perform the exercise 3 times a week, 3 sets a day; every set is 10-15 repetitions for 4 weeks In phase one, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioning Techniques, Protonics gait through walking for up to 5 minutes or as tolerated, and preform warming up exercise. In phase two, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioning Techniques, Protonics gait through walking for up to 8 minutes or as tolerated, and preform three specific exercises in prone, supine and sitting position. In phase three, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioni	Sport Cords n=20 Participants Resistive sports cord to resist knee flexion. Sports Cords: Sports Cord Therapy Program is separated into three phases for a period of 4 weeks. In each phase the patients will learn how to perform the sports cord gait and open-chain exercise. All subjects will be asked to perform the exercise 3 times a week, 3 sets a day; every set is 10-15 repetitions for 4 weeks. In phase one, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 5 minutes or as tolerated, and preform warming up exercise. In phase two, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 8 minutes or as tolerated, and preform three specific exercises in prone, supine and sitting position. In phase three, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 10 minutes or as tolerated, and preform one specific exercise in standing position.
Hip External Rotation ROM	32.3 degree Standard Deviation 5.2	32.3 degree Standard Deviation 5.2

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 4 weeks

To measure the external rotation of hip in sitting natural position with hip and knee on 90 degree flexion

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Protonics Knee Brace n=21 Participants All subjects were fitted with a regular-sized Protonics knee brace with resistive settings to resist knee flexion. Protonics Knee brace: Protonics Therapy Program is separated into three phases for a period of 4 weeks. In each phase the patients will learn how to perform the Protonics neuromuscular repositioning technique, Protonics gait and open-chain exercise. All subjects will be asked to perform the exercise 3 times a week, 3 sets a day; every set is 10-15 repetitions for 4 weeks In phase one, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioning Techniques, Protonics gait through walking for up to 5 minutes or as tolerated, and preform warming up exercise. In phase two, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioning Techniques, Protonics gait through walking for up to 8 minutes or as tolerated, and preform three specific exercises in prone, supine and sitting position. In phase three, the subjects will perform Protonics Neuromuscular repositioni	Sport Cords n=20 Participants Resistive sports cord to resist knee flexion. Sports Cords: Sports Cord Therapy Program is separated into three phases for a period of 4 weeks. In each phase the patients will learn how to perform the sports cord gait and open-chain exercise. All subjects will be asked to perform the exercise 3 times a week, 3 sets a day; every set is 10-15 repetitions for 4 weeks. In phase one, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 5 minutes or as tolerated, and preform warming up exercise. In phase two, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 8 minutes or as tolerated, and preform three specific exercises in prone, supine and sitting position. In phase three, the subjects will perform the sports cord gait through walking for up to 10 minutes or as tolerated, and preform one specific exercise in standing position.
Hip External Rotation ROM	33.9 degree Standard Deviation 5.7	33.9 degree Standard Deviation 5.7

Adverse Events

Protonics Knee Brace

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Sport Cords

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

Dr. Everett Lohman III

Loma Linda University

Phone: 9095584632

Email: [email protected]

Results disclosure agreements

Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
Publication restrictions are in place