A Systems Biology Approach to Malaria Immunity

NCT ID: NCT03014258

Last Updated: 2021-06-08

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: COMPLETED
• Clinical Phase: PHASE1
• Total Enrollment: 27 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2017-06-07
• Study Completion Date: 2019-07-19

Brief Summary

This is a phase I study that will assess the acquisition of immunity to Pf malaria over the course of 5 sequential Controlled Human Malaria Infections (CHMI) over 2-4 years, in 10 healthy adult participants. 10 subjects will initially be challenged with 5 uninfected mosquitoes (mock), followed by 5 challenges with 5 mosquitoes infected with drug sensitive, P. falciparum parasites (strain NF54) 2, 8, 14-20, 20-32, and 32-36 months later. For the final four infective CMHIs six additional immunologic malaria-naïve subjects will be enrolled and challenged as infectivity controls. If dropouts occur within the original 10 person cohort, and two or more CHMI remain, back-up replacement volunteers will be recruited to undergo successive CHMI with the core group. All volunteers (repeat CHMI subjects and infectivity controls) will be evaluated as part of an inpatient stay (or outpatient daily follow-up) to diagnose Pf malaria infection and treat with Coartem(R) (artemether/lumefantrine) or Malarone(R) (Atovaquone/proguanil). Daily observation will occur from Study Days 9-19 or until three-day directly observed therapy for P. falciparum infection is complete and two negative smears separated by a time interval >12 hours have been documented. A third negative smear >12 hours after the previous two daily smears will be documented to affirm malaria cure. Infectivity Controls enrolled as part of CHMI #5 will be treated based on concomitant us qPCR results. The repeat CHMI subjects will have additional outpatient visits days 1, 3, 5, and 7 after the challenge to obtain blood samples to monitor the development of immunity. The study is expected to last for 48 months and will include approximately 34 healthy male and female volunteers (10 active study volunteers and 18 naïve controls to confirm Pf infectivity during the 2nd -5th CHMI challenges) ages 18 to 50 years, inclusive, from the greater Baltimore community. The primary objective of this study is to determine whether protective immunity against parasite infection develops following repeat CHMI.

Detailed Description

This is a phase I study that will assess the acquisition of immunity to Pf malaria over the course of 5 sequential Controlled Human Malaria Infections (CHMI) over 2-4 years, in 10 healthy adult participants. 10 subjects will initially be challenged with 5 uninfected mosquitoes (mock), followed by 5 challenges with 5 mosquitoes infected with drug sensitive, P. falciparum parasites (strain NF54) 2, 8, 14-20, 20-32, and 32-36 months later. For the final four infective CMHIs six additional immunologic malaria-naïve subjects will be enrolled and challenged as infectivity controls. If dropouts occur within the original 10 person cohort, and two or more CHMI remain, back-up replacement volunteers will be recruited to undergo successive CHMI with the core group. All volunteers (repeat CHMI subjects and infectivity controls) will be evaluated as part of an inpatient stay (or outpatient daily follow-up) to diagnose Pf malaria infection and treat with Coartem(R) (artemether/lumefantrine) or Malarone(R) (Atovaquone/proguanil). Daily observation will occur from Study Days 9-19 or until three-day directly observed therapy for P. falciparum infection is complete and two negative smears separated by a time interval >12 hours have been documented. A third negative smear >12 hours after the previous two daily smears will be documented to affirm malaria cure. Infectivity Controls enrolled as part of CHMI #5 will be treated based on concomitant us qPCR results. The repeat CHMI subjects will have additional outpatient visits days 1, 3, 5, and 7 after the challenge to obtain blood samples to monitor the development of immunity. The study is expected to last for 48 months and will include approximately 34 healthy male and female volunteers (10 active study volunteers and 18 naïve controls to confirm Pf infectivity during the 2nd -5th CHMI challenges) ages 18 to 50 years, inclusive, from the greater Baltimore community. The primary objective of this study is to determine whether protective immunity against parasite infection develops following repeat CHMI. The secondary objectives are to: 1) determine whether clinical signs and symptoms of malaria decrease in intensity and duration following repeat CHMI, 2) track the production of antibodies that react with P. falciparum sporozoites and blood stage parasites.

Conditions

Plasmodium Falciparum Infection

Study Design

• Allocation Method: NON_RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Primary Study Purpose: OTHER
• Blinding Strategy: NONE

Study Groups

Control Cohort 1

Immunologic malaria-naïve subjects will undergo CHMI #2 with 5 NF54 P. falciparum-infected mosquitoes at months 8-9. n=6.

Group Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

NF54 P. falciparum malaria challenge

Intervention Type: BIOLOGICAL

Aseptically-raised A. stephensi female mosquitoes infected with aseptically-raised P. falciparum parasites of the NF54 strain.

Control Cohort 2

Immunologic malaria-naïve subjects will undergo a CHMI #3 with 5 NF54 P. falciparum-infected mosquitoes at 6-12 months post CHMI #2. n=6.

Group Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

NF54 P. falciparum malaria challenge

Intervention Type: BIOLOGICAL

Aseptically-raised A. stephensi female mosquitoes infected with aseptically-raised P. falciparum parasites of the NF54 strain.

Control Cohort 3

Immunologic malaria-naïve subjects will undergo a CHMI #4 with 5 NF54 P. falciparum-infected mosquitoes at 6-12 months post CHMI #3. n=6.

Group Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

NF54 P. falciparum malaria challenge

Intervention Type: BIOLOGICAL

Aseptically-raised A. stephensi female mosquitoes infected with aseptically-raised P. falciparum parasites of the NF54 strain.

Control Cohort 4

Immunologic malaria-naïve subjects will undergo a CHMI #5 with 5 NF54 P. falciparum-infected mosquitoes at 6-12 months post CHMI #4. n=6.

Group Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

NF54 P. falciparum malaria challenge

Intervention Type: BIOLOGICAL

Aseptically-raised A. stephensi female mosquitoes infected with aseptically-raised P. falciparum parasites of the NF54 strain.

Repeat CHMI

Subjects will initially be challenged with 5 uninfected mosquitoes (mock), followed by 5 challenges (CHMI # 1-5) with 5 NF54 P. falciparum-infected mosquitoes 2, 8, 14-20, and 20-32, and 32-36 months later. n=10.

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

NF54 P. falciparum malaria challenge

Intervention Type: BIOLOGICAL

Aseptically-raised A. stephensi female mosquitoes infected with aseptically-raised P. falciparum parasites of the NF54 strain.

Interventions

NF54 P. falciparum malaria challenge

Aseptically-raised A. stephensi female mosquitoes infected with aseptically-raised P. falciparum parasites of the NF54 strain.

Intervention Type: BIOLOGICAL

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

1. Male or non-pregnant/non-lactating female between the ages of 18 and 50 years, inclusive.

2. Able and willing to participate for the duration of the study.

3. Able to provide proof of identity to the satisfaction of the study clinician completing the enrollment process.

4. Able and willing to complete the informed consent process.

5. Willing to donate blood for sample storage to be used for future research (Note: refusal to allow future use is exclusionary).

6. Willing to refrain from blood donation to blood banks for 3 years following P. falciparum CHMI.

7. Agrees not to travel to a malaria endemic region during the entire course of study participation.

8. Physical examination and laboratory results without clinically significant findings and a body mass index (BMI) = / < 35.

Laboratory Criteria within 56 days prior to enrollment:

9. Hemoglobin = / >11.2 g/dL for women; = / > 12.6 g/dL for men.

10. Platelet count within institutional normal range.

11. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) = / < upper limit of normal.

12. Serum creatinine = / < upper limit of normal.

13. Negative for HIV and Hepatitis B/C infection.

Laboratory Criterion documented any time prior to enrollment:

14. Negative sickle cell screening test.

Female-Specific Criteria:

15. Negative beta-HCG pregnancy test (serum) on day of screening or urine pregnancy test at subsequent time points for women of childbearing potential.

16. Women of childbearing potential (exclusive of women in a same sex relationship) must agree to use effective means of birth control.* *(e.g. oral or implanted contraceptives, IUD, female condom, diaphragm with spermicide, cervical cap, abstinence, use of a condom by the sexual partner or sterile sexual partner). Women with a history of amenorrhea (> 1 year duration) or surgical or chemical sterilization (e.g. tubal ligation, hysterectomy, other) must provide written documentation of infertility from a health care provider.

Exclusion Criteria

1. Women who are breast-feeding or planning to become pregnant during the time interval needed to complete the study.

2. Receipt of a malaria vaccine in a prior clinical trial.

3. Any history of malaria infection.

4. Evidence of increased cardiovascular disease risk; defined as > 10% five year risk by the non-laboratory method.

5. Current use of systemic immunosuppressant pharmacotherapy.

6. History of a splenectomy, sickle cell disease or sickle cell trait.

7. Known history of anaphylactic response to mosquito-bites; or known allergy to artemether lumefantrine or atovaquone or proguanil or other component of the product.

8. Participation in any study involving investigational vaccine or drug within 4 weeks prior to enrollment, or expects to receive vaccine or drug during the 2-month post-challenge period.

9. Use or planned use of any drug with anti-malarial activity that would coincide with challenge.

10. Anticipated use of medications known to cause drug reactions with atovaquone-proguanil (Malarone(R)) such as cimetidine, metoclopramide, antacids, and kaolin.

11. Plans to undergo surgery (elective or otherwise) between enrollment and 4 weeks (28 days) after any of the challenges.

12. Received a licensed vaccine within 1 month prior to enrollment in this study or expects to receive one during the 28 day post challenge period.

13. History of psychiatric disorders or behavioral tendencies (including active alcohol or drug abuse) that in the opinion of the investigator would make compliance with the protocol difficult.* *Medical and psychiatric illness defined as personality disorders, anxiety disorders, or schizophrenia or social condition, occupational reason or other responsibility that, in the judgment of the investigator, is a contraindication to protocol participation or impairs a volunteer's ability to give informed consent or to comply with the protocol schedule.

• Minimum Eligible Age: 18 Years
• Maximum Eligible Age: 50 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Sponsors

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)

NIH

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Responsibility Role: SPONSOR

Locations

University of Maryland School of Medicine - Center for Vaccine Development - Baltimore

Baltimore, Maryland, United States

Countries

United States

References

Ferrer P, Berry AA, Bucsan AN, Prajapati SK, Krishnan K, Barbeau MC, Rickert DM, Guerrero SM, Usui M, Abebe Y, Patil A, Chakravarty S, Billingsley PF, Pa'ahana-Brown F, Strauss K, Shrestha B, Nomicos E, Deye GA, Sim BKL, Hoffman SL, Williamson KC, Lyke KE. Repeat controlled human Plasmodium falciparum infections delay bloodstream patency and reduce symptoms. Nat Commun. 2024 Jun 18;15(1):5194. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-49041-2.

Reference Type: DERIVED

PMID: 38890271 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

15-0058

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id