Conivaptan for the Reduction of Cerebral Edema in Intracerebral Hemorrhage- A Safety and Tolerability Study
NCT ID: NCT03000283
Last Updated: 2020-04-17
Study Results
Results available
Outcome measurements, participant flow, baseline characteristics, and adverse events have been published for this study.
View full resultsBasic Information
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Recruitment Status
COMPLETED
Clinical Phase
PHASE1
Total Enrollment
7 participants
Study Classification
INTERVENTIONAL
Study Start Date
2017-03-22
Study Completion Date
2019-04-15
Brief Summary
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The goal of this study is to preliminarily determine/estimate feasibility and whether frequent and early conivaptan use, at a dose currently determined to be safe (i.e., 40mg/day), is safe and well-tolerated in patients with cerebral edema from intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and pressure (ICP). A further goal is to preliminarily estimate whether conivaptan at this same dose can reduce cerebral edema (CE) in these same patients. This study is also an essential first step in understanding the role of conivaptan in CE management.
Hypothesis: The frequent and early use of conivaptan at 40mg/day will be safe and well-tolerated, and also reduce cerebral edema, in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage and pressure.
Hypothesis: The frequent and early use of conivaptan at 40mg/day will be safe and well-tolerated, and also reduce cerebral edema, in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage and pressure.
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Detailed Description
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This is a single-center, open-label, safety and tolerability study. Based on findings in the literature from both animal research and clinical observations with ICH (intracerebral hemorrhage) associated with TBI (traumatic brain injury), this study will begin to look at the safety, tolerability, as well as potential effectiveness, of conivaptan to reduce CE (cerebral edema) in patients with non-traumatic ICH.
The seven patients in this study will receive 40mg/day of the study medication conivaptan. In this early phase study, our focus will be to assess the safety and tolerability of this medication. The available clinical data on conivaptan in the neurocritical care population suggest the potential harm is negligible. Data in TBI patients demonstrate conivaptan is safe and well tolerated using a single dose (20mg) to increase Na+ in a controlled fashion to reduce ICP. Previous work has demonstrated the safety and tolerability of conivaptan, in doses ranging from 20-80mg/day, in the neurocritical care population. Conivaptan has been demonstrated to be safe and effective in lowering ICP, and increasing serum sodium, in the neurocritical care population. Also noted have been improvements in cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) and stable blood pressure, and a prolonged reduction in ICP. Finally, the method of intermittent bolus dosing of conivaptan is equally effective in raising and maintaining serum sodium in the neurocritical care population as continuous infusion, with potentially less risk of adverse reactions including phlebitis.
Conivaptan, a non-selective Arginine-Vasopressin (AVP) V1A/V2 antagonist that reduces aquaporin 4 production and promotes aquaresis, is approved for the treatment of euvolemic and hypervolemic hyponatremia. The exact cause of the observed reduction in ICP with conivaptan is uncertain. However, the mechanism most likely represents a combination of an acute pure aquaresis, removing free water from brain tissue, and a sustained down regulation of aquaporin 4 to abate/slow development of CE. The V2 antagonism of conivaptan promotes free water loss, and the V1 antagonism may improve cerebral blood flow (CBF) and reduce blood brain barrier permeability. Notably, serum sodium tends to correlate inversely with both ICP and CE. The early use of conivaptan could potentially be used clinically to reduce CE by these means.
It is with this in mind, the research team feels justified in pursuing this study with the hopes that the data obtained will lead to potential good and removal of harm in future patients with this devastating disease. Given the enormous costs of ICH, problems with current therapies, and variability in treatment, there is an urgent need to identify a therapy that has a better safety and effectiveness profile compared to the currently used agents. This study will use a dose (40mg/day) currently approved. Further, given that the primary purpose of the use of this medication in this study is not to correct hyponatremia, an investigational new drug (IND) application to the FDA was submitted, and the study was determined exempt.
Our central hypothesis is that through reductions in aquaporin-4 (AQP4) expression, the early use of conivaptan will reduce CE while also being safe to the patient. Our long term goal is to show that early use of conivaptan in ICH will reduce CE. If this reduction is possible, we hypothesize improved outcome and reducing the need for rescue therapies, ICU length of stay, and overall treatment cost will follow. However, more data is needed to evaluate the dosing and amount of drug. With respect to conivaptan's efficacy in correction of hyponatremia, a direct dose-response relationship exists. Further, this effect was more noted at milder degrees of hyponatremia.
The seven patients in this study will receive 40mg/day of the study medication conivaptan. In this early phase study, our focus will be to assess the safety and tolerability of this medication. The available clinical data on conivaptan in the neurocritical care population suggest the potential harm is negligible. Data in TBI patients demonstrate conivaptan is safe and well tolerated using a single dose (20mg) to increase Na+ in a controlled fashion to reduce ICP. Previous work has demonstrated the safety and tolerability of conivaptan, in doses ranging from 20-80mg/day, in the neurocritical care population. Conivaptan has been demonstrated to be safe and effective in lowering ICP, and increasing serum sodium, in the neurocritical care population. Also noted have been improvements in cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) and stable blood pressure, and a prolonged reduction in ICP. Finally, the method of intermittent bolus dosing of conivaptan is equally effective in raising and maintaining serum sodium in the neurocritical care population as continuous infusion, with potentially less risk of adverse reactions including phlebitis.
Conivaptan, a non-selective Arginine-Vasopressin (AVP) V1A/V2 antagonist that reduces aquaporin 4 production and promotes aquaresis, is approved for the treatment of euvolemic and hypervolemic hyponatremia. The exact cause of the observed reduction in ICP with conivaptan is uncertain. However, the mechanism most likely represents a combination of an acute pure aquaresis, removing free water from brain tissue, and a sustained down regulation of aquaporin 4 to abate/slow development of CE. The V2 antagonism of conivaptan promotes free water loss, and the V1 antagonism may improve cerebral blood flow (CBF) and reduce blood brain barrier permeability. Notably, serum sodium tends to correlate inversely with both ICP and CE. The early use of conivaptan could potentially be used clinically to reduce CE by these means.
It is with this in mind, the research team feels justified in pursuing this study with the hopes that the data obtained will lead to potential good and removal of harm in future patients with this devastating disease. Given the enormous costs of ICH, problems with current therapies, and variability in treatment, there is an urgent need to identify a therapy that has a better safety and effectiveness profile compared to the currently used agents. This study will use a dose (40mg/day) currently approved. Further, given that the primary purpose of the use of this medication in this study is not to correct hyponatremia, an investigational new drug (IND) application to the FDA was submitted, and the study was determined exempt.
Our central hypothesis is that through reductions in aquaporin-4 (AQP4) expression, the early use of conivaptan will reduce CE while also being safe to the patient. Our long term goal is to show that early use of conivaptan in ICH will reduce CE. If this reduction is possible, we hypothesize improved outcome and reducing the need for rescue therapies, ICU length of stay, and overall treatment cost will follow. However, more data is needed to evaluate the dosing and amount of drug. With respect to conivaptan's efficacy in correction of hyponatremia, a direct dose-response relationship exists. Further, this effect was more noted at milder degrees of hyponatremia.
Conditions
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Cerebral Hemorrhage
Cerebral Edema
Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Stroke
Study Design
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Allocation Method
NA
Intervention Model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary Study Purpose
TREATMENT
Blinding Strategy
NONE
Study Groups
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Conivaptan Treatment Group
All seven patients in this arm will receive conivaptan as described in Interventions.
Group Type
EXPERIMENTAL
Conivaptan
Intervention Type
DRUG
Patients will receive 20mg IV of the study drug every 12 hours equaling 40mg/day over 2 days (4 doses total), in addition to the standardized ICH management targets using the PI's version of standardized ICH management targets.Usual standard of care can include sedation and analgesia as needed, elevation of the head of the bed, mannitol and/or saline as needed to reduce ICP, and temperature control with antipyretics such as acetaminophen.
The conivaptan bolus (20mg), which is premixed with 100ml of 5% dextrose in water, is infused (peripherally) over 30 minutes, most commonly through an already placed central line.
Interventions
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Conivaptan
Patients will receive 20mg IV of the study drug every 12 hours equaling 40mg/day over 2 days (4 doses total), in addition to the standardized ICH management targets using the PI's version of standardized ICH management targets.Usual standard of care can include sedation and analgesia as needed, elevation of the head of the bed, mannitol and/or saline as needed to reduce ICP, and temperature control with antipyretics such as acetaminophen.
The conivaptan bolus (20mg), which is premixed with 100ml of 5% dextrose in water, is infused (peripherally) over 30 minutes, most commonly through an already placed central line.
Intervention Type
DRUG
Other Intervention Names
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Vaprisol
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
1. Age \>18 years old and \< 80 years.
2. Diagnosis of primary ICH \> 20 cc in volume.
3. Enrollment within 48 hours from initial symptoms.
4. Signed informed consent from the patient or obtained via their legally authorized representative (if the patient is not able to sign the informed consent themselves). The patient's decisional capacity to either provide or refuse consent will be determined using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), which is being assessed at baseline and at 24 hours (+/-6hrs) after enrollment. A potential study participant with a GCS \> 14 will be asked to provide their own initial study consent. A GCS ≤ 14 would indicate the need to pursue consent via legally authorized representative.
2. Diagnosis of primary ICH \> 20 cc in volume.
3. Enrollment within 48 hours from initial symptoms.
4. Signed informed consent from the patient or obtained via their legally authorized representative (if the patient is not able to sign the informed consent themselves). The patient's decisional capacity to either provide or refuse consent will be determined using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), which is being assessed at baseline and at 24 hours (+/-6hrs) after enrollment. A potential study participant with a GCS \> 14 will be asked to provide their own initial study consent. A GCS ≤ 14 would indicate the need to pursue consent via legally authorized representative.
Exclusion Criteria
1. Current need for renal replacement therapy (RRT).
2. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of \<30 mL/minute at time of admission.
3. Participation in another study for ICH or intraventricular hemorrhage.
4. ICH related to infection, thrombolysis, subarachnoid hemorrhage, trauma or tumor.
5. Presence of HIV or active fungal infection that is known based on information in the electronic medical record (EMR).
6. Continued use of digoxin or amlodipine (as recommended by the manufacturer due to cytochrome P450 3A4 "CYP3A" inhibition).
7. Active hepatic failure as defined by aspartate aminotransferase (AST) \>160 units/L and/or alanine transaminase (ALT) \>180 units/L, or total bilirubin levels greater than four times normal levels (\>4.8mg/dL).
8. Serum Na+\> 145 mmol/L (admission labs or any time prior to recruitment/enrollment).
9. Unable to receive conivaptan based on contraindications indicated by the manufacturer.
10. Pregnant or lactating females.
11. Not expected to survive within 48 hours of admission, or a presumed diagnosis of brain death.
2. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of \<30 mL/minute at time of admission.
3. Participation in another study for ICH or intraventricular hemorrhage.
4. ICH related to infection, thrombolysis, subarachnoid hemorrhage, trauma or tumor.
5. Presence of HIV or active fungal infection that is known based on information in the electronic medical record (EMR).
6. Continued use of digoxin or amlodipine (as recommended by the manufacturer due to cytochrome P450 3A4 "CYP3A" inhibition).
7. Active hepatic failure as defined by aspartate aminotransferase (AST) \>160 units/L and/or alanine transaminase (ALT) \>180 units/L, or total bilirubin levels greater than four times normal levels (\>4.8mg/dL).
8. Serum Na+\> 145 mmol/L (admission labs or any time prior to recruitment/enrollment).
9. Unable to receive conivaptan based on contraindications indicated by the manufacturer.
10. Pregnant or lactating females.
11. Not expected to survive within 48 hours of admission, or a presumed diagnosis of brain death.
Minimum Eligible Age
19 Years
Maximum Eligible Age
79 Years
Eligible Sex
ALL
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
No
Sponsors
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Jesse Corry
OTHER
Sponsor Role
lead
Responsible Party
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Jesse Corry
Neurologist
Responsibility Role
SPONSOR_INVESTIGATOR
Principal Investigators
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Jesse J Corry, MD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Allina Health
Locations
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United Hospital
Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States
Site Status
Countries
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United States
References
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Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Zeynalov E, Chen CH, Froehner SC, Adams ME, Ottersen OP, Amiry-Moghaddam M, Bhardwaj A. The perivascular pool of aquaporin-4 mediates the effect of osmotherapy in postischemic cerebral edema. Crit Care Med. 2008 Sep;36(9):2634-40. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181847853.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Corry JJ, Asaithambi G, Shaik AM, Lassig JP, Marino EH, Ho BM, Castle AL, Banerji N, Tipps ME. Conivaptan for the Reduction of Cerebral Edema in Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Safety and Tolerability Study. Clin Drug Investig. 2020 May;40(5):503-509. doi: 10.1007/s40261-020-00911-9.
Reference Type
DERIVED
Provided Documents
Download supplemental materials such as informed consent forms, study protocols, or participant manuals.
Document Type: Study Protocol
Document Type: Statistical Analysis Plan
Other Identifiers
Review additional registry numbers or institutional identifiers associated with this trial.
NSJC-1601
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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