Use of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Augment Hypnotic Analgesia
NCT ID: NCT02969707
Last Updated: 2024-12-20
Study Results
Outcome measurements, participant flow, baseline characteristics, and adverse events have been published for this study.
View full resultsBasic Information
Get a concise snapshot of the trial, including recruitment status, study phase, enrollment targets, and key timeline milestones.
COMPLETED
NA
101 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2017-04-24
2019-12-21
Brief Summary
Review the sponsor-provided synopsis that highlights what the study is about and why it is being conducted.
Detailed Description
Dive into the extended narrative that explains the scientific background, objectives, and procedures in greater depth.
* During the course of the study and upon consultation with the manufacturer, sham setting intensity was lowered to reduce the risk adverse events (e.g., scalp damage).
The study will require that participants participate in an in-person screening visit, a screening MRI scan and 2 MRI scan sessions that include the TMS and hypnosis.
Experimental design. Before each MRI scan session, participants will undergo a preparation session, where hypnotizability and either psychological testing or experimental pain training will be conducted. Volunteer subjects will then participate in 2 MRI scan sessions on two separate days, each lasting approximately 120 mins.
Hypnosis induction procedures. Hypnosis will be induced while the subject is in the scanner though the use of headphones and a pre-recorded induction script. Hypnotic instructions will be standardized, and will involve a simple induction instruction used in our prior research on the brain signature of the hypnotic state and in clinical care. The ability to enter and maintain the hypnotic state through such an induction mechanism in the fMRI environment has been previously demonstrated.
Conditions
See the medical conditions and disease areas that this research is targeting or investigating.
Keywords
Explore important study keywords that can help with search, categorization, and topic discovery.
Study Design
Understand how the trial is structured, including allocation methods, masking strategies, primary purpose, and other design elements.
RANDOMIZED
PARALLEL
BASIC_SCIENCE
QUADRUPLE
Study Groups
Review each arm or cohort in the study, along with the interventions and objectives associated with them.
Active rTMS
The active group will receive repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
MagPro TMS system (MagVenture, Denmark)
The investigators will perform two applications of 40s of continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS) form of rTMS at 80% resting motor threshold (previously determined), with a 15 minute intersession interval. The standardized treatment location for the left DLPFC will be determined by Localite Neuronavigation and targeted at the posterior middle frontal gyrus. The baseline structural scan obtained during the scan 1 will be utilized for this localization process. rTMS will be delivered using a MagPro TMS system (MagVenture, Denmark). sham rTMS will be delivered using a MagPro TMS system (MagVenture, Denmark).sham rTMS will be delivered using a MagPro TMS system (MagVenture, Denmark).
Hypnosis
Hypnotizability will be measured using the Hypnotic Induction Profile before and after administration of real vs. sham rTMS. Hypnotizability will be measured using the Hypnotic Induction Profile before and after administration of real vs. sham rTMS. Hypnosis will be employed to influence Stroop performance (conflict detection) and for pain management. The hypnotic instructions for this will be pre-recorded and played during fMRI.
Sham rTMS
The sham repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation group will have the stimulation blocked.
MagPro TMS system (MagVenture, Denmark)
The investigators will perform two applications of 40s of continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS) form of rTMS at 80% resting motor threshold (previously determined), with a 15 minute intersession interval. The standardized treatment location for the left DLPFC will be determined by Localite Neuronavigation and targeted at the posterior middle frontal gyrus. The baseline structural scan obtained during the scan 1 will be utilized for this localization process. rTMS will be delivered using a MagPro TMS system (MagVenture, Denmark). sham rTMS will be delivered using a MagPro TMS system (MagVenture, Denmark).sham rTMS will be delivered using a MagPro TMS system (MagVenture, Denmark).
Hypnosis
Hypnotizability will be measured using the Hypnotic Induction Profile before and after administration of real vs. sham rTMS. Hypnotizability will be measured using the Hypnotic Induction Profile before and after administration of real vs. sham rTMS. Hypnosis will be employed to influence Stroop performance (conflict detection) and for pain management. The hypnotic instructions for this will be pre-recorded and played during fMRI.
Interventions
Learn about the drugs, procedures, or behavioral strategies being tested and how they are applied within this trial.
MagPro TMS system (MagVenture, Denmark)
The investigators will perform two applications of 40s of continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS) form of rTMS at 80% resting motor threshold (previously determined), with a 15 minute intersession interval. The standardized treatment location for the left DLPFC will be determined by Localite Neuronavigation and targeted at the posterior middle frontal gyrus. The baseline structural scan obtained during the scan 1 will be utilized for this localization process. rTMS will be delivered using a MagPro TMS system (MagVenture, Denmark). sham rTMS will be delivered using a MagPro TMS system (MagVenture, Denmark).sham rTMS will be delivered using a MagPro TMS system (MagVenture, Denmark).
Hypnosis
Hypnotizability will be measured using the Hypnotic Induction Profile before and after administration of real vs. sham rTMS. Hypnotizability will be measured using the Hypnotic Induction Profile before and after administration of real vs. sham rTMS. Hypnosis will be employed to influence Stroop performance (conflict detection) and for pain management. The hypnotic instructions for this will be pre-recorded and played during fMRI.
Other Intervention Names
Discover alternative or legacy names that may be used to describe the listed interventions across different sources.
Eligibility Criteria
Check the participation requirements, including inclusion and exclusion rules, age limits, and whether healthy volunteers are accepted.
Inclusion Criteria
* Age 18 - 70
* Right-handed
* Agree to and able to have two fMRI scans as well as rTMS sessions
* Willingness to suspend use of analgesic drugs or cough suppressants for 24 hours prior to the scans
* Willingness to suspend us of antidepressant drugs for 2 weeks prior to the scans (6 weeks for fluoxetine)
* Proficiency in English sufficient to complete questionnaires/follow instructions during fMRI assessments
* US Citizen or resident able to receive payment legally
* Low-Moderate Hypnotizability in the Hypnotic Induction Profile (score of 0-8)
* Normal color vision
* Women of childbearing potential must agree to use adequate contraception prior to study entry and continue this for the duration of the study
Exclusion Criteria
* Any condition that would contraindicate MRI (like ferromagnetic metal in the body)
* Pregnancy or breast feeding
* Any significant neurologic disease, including dementia, multi-infarct dementia, Parkinson's or Huntington's disease, brain tumor, progressive supranuclear palsy, seizure disorder, subdural hematoma, multiple sclerosis, history of significant head trauma
* Current antidepressant use (must be washed out for two weeks prior to starting protocol)
* Inability to stop taking medication contraindicated with treatment
* High Hypnotizability in the Hypnotic Induction Profile (score \>8)
* Color blindness
* Any significant psychiatric disorder as identified on the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview
* Previous exposure to rTMS
18 Years
70 Years
ALL
No
Sponsors
Meet the organizations funding or collaborating on the study and learn about their roles.
National Institutes of Health (NIH)
NIH
National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH)
NIH
Stanford University
OTHER
Responsible Party
Identify the individual or organization who holds primary responsibility for the study information submitted to regulators.
David Spiegel
Willson Professor and Associate Chair of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Director of the Center on Stress and Health, and Medical Director of the Center for Integrative Medicine at Stanford University School of Medicine
Principal Investigators
Learn about the lead researchers overseeing the trial and their institutional affiliations.
Nolan Williams, M.D.
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Stanford University
Locations
Explore where the study is taking place and check the recruitment status at each participating site.
Stanford University
Palo Alto, California, United States
Countries
Review the countries where the study has at least one active or historical site.
References
Explore related publications, articles, or registry entries linked to this study.
Cojan Y, Piguet C, Vuilleumier P. What makes your brain suggestible? Hypnotizability is associated with differential brain activity during attention outside hypnosis. Neuroimage. 2015 Aug 15;117:367-74. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.05.076. Epub 2015 Jun 3.
Jiang H, White MP, Greicius MD, Waelde LC, Spiegel D. Brain Activity and Functional Connectivity Associated with Hypnosis. Cereb Cortex. 2017 Aug 1;27(8):4083-4093. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhw220.
Raz A, Fan J, Posner MI. Hypnotic suggestion reduces conflict in the human brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Jul 12;102(28):9978-83. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0503064102. Epub 2005 Jun 30.
Raz A, Shapiro T, Fan J, Posner MI. Hypnotic suggestion and the modulation of Stroop interference. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2002 Dec;59(12):1155-61. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.59.12.1155.
Rainville P, Carrier B, Hofbauer RK, Bushnell CM, Duncan GH. Dissociation of sensory and affective dimensions of pain using hypnotic modulation. Pain. 1999 Aug;82(2):159-171. doi: 10.1016/S0304-3959(99)00048-2.
Rainville P, Duncan GH, Price DD, Carrier B, Bushnell MC. Pain affect encoded in human anterior cingulate but not somatosensory cortex. Science. 1997 Aug 15;277(5328):968-71. doi: 10.1126/science.277.5328.968.
Burgmer M, Pogatzki-Zahn E, Gaubitz M, Stuber C, Wessoleck E, Heuft G, Pfleiderer B. Fibromyalgia unique temporal brain activation during experimental pain: a controlled fMRI Study. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2010 Jan;117(1):123-31. doi: 10.1007/s00702-009-0339-1. Epub 2009 Nov 25.
Short BE, Borckardt JJ, Anderson BS, Frohman H, Beam W, Reeves ST, George MS. Ten sessions of adjunctive left prefrontal rTMS significantly reduces fibromyalgia pain: a randomized, controlled pilot study. Pain. 2011 Nov;152(11):2477-2484. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2011.05.033. Epub 2011 Jul 20.
Wik G, Fischer H, Bragee B, Finer B, Fredrikson M. Functional anatomy of hypnotic analgesia: a PET study of patients with fibromyalgia. Eur J Pain. 1999 Mar;3(1):7-12. doi: 10.1053/eujp.1998.0093.
Derbyshire SW, Whalley MG, Oakley DA. Fibromyalgia pain and its modulation by hypnotic and non-hypnotic suggestion: an fMRI analysis. Eur J Pain. 2009 May;13(5):542-50. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2008.06.010. Epub 2008 Jul 23.
Orosz A, Jann K, Wirth M, Wiest R, Dierks T, Federspiel A. Theta burst TMS increases cerebral blood flow in the primary motor cortex during motor performance as assessed by arterial spin labeling (ASL). Neuroimage. 2012 Jul 2;61(3):599-605. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.03.084. Epub 2012 Apr 12.
Nettekoven C, Volz LJ, Kutscha M, Pool EM, Rehme AK, Eickhoff SB, Fink GR, Grefkes C. Dose-dependent effects of theta burst rTMS on cortical excitability and resting-state connectivity of the human motor system. J Neurosci. 2014 May 14;34(20):6849-59. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4993-13.2014.
Poreisz C, Csifcsak G, Antal A, Levold M, Hillers F, Paulus W. Theta burst stimulation of the motor cortex reduces laser-evoked pain perception. Neuroreport. 2008 Jan 22;19(2):193-6. doi: 10.1097/WNR.0b013e3282f45498.
Goldsworthy MR, Pitcher JB, Ridding MC. Neuroplastic modulation of inhibitory motor cortical networks by spaced theta burst stimulation protocols. Brain Stimul. 2013 May;6(3):340-5. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2012.06.005. Epub 2012 Jul 5.
Goldsworthy MR, Pitcher JB, Ridding MC. Spaced Noninvasive Brain Stimulation: Prospects for Inducing Long-Lasting Human Cortical Plasticity. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2015 Sep;29(8):714-21. doi: 10.1177/1545968314562649. Epub 2014 Dec 11.
Hoeft F, Gabrieli JD, Whitfield-Gabrieli S, Haas BW, Bammer R, Menon V, Spiegel D. Functional brain basis of hypnotizability. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2012 Oct;69(10):1064-72. doi: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.2190.
Provided Documents
Download supplemental materials such as informed consent forms, study protocols, or participant manuals.
Document Type: Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan: Original Protocol and Statistical Methods
Document Type: Statistical Analysis Plan: Revised Statistical Analysis Plan
Document Type: Informed Consent Form
Other Identifiers
Review additional registry numbers or institutional identifiers associated with this trial.
38138
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id