Home
Clinical Trials
NCT02943330

Depression, Genes, Cytokines, Chronic Fatigue, Physical Illnesses and Quality of Life

Last Updated: 2016-10-25

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

Get a concise snapshot of the trial, including recruitment status, study phase, enrollment targets, and key timeline milestones.

Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Total Enrollment

170 participants

Study Classification

OBSERVATIONAL

Study Start Date

2007-08-31

Study Completion Date

2010-10-31

Brief Summary

Review the sponsor-provided synopsis that highlights what the study is about and why it is being conducted.

Depression is one of the most common psychiatric diseases, with prevalence estimates ranging from 5% to 20%. Depression is now recognized as a brain disease; it can be managed and treated effectively with a wide range of options, but its biological basis is still far from clear. Studies of monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs suggest polygenic inheritance, with an overall heritability estimate between 40% and 70 %. Gene-environment interaction has been recognized for a long time in the pathophysiology of depression, and its best biological substratum at present is represented by the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene. It would be interesting to study association between the novel allelic variants or at least the triallelic 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and depression. Depression is common in patients with end-stage renal disease and to occur in about 20% to 30% of hemodialysis patients. Interferon-induced depression is estimated up to 50% among patients with hepatitis C. Several sets of observations support the supposition that cytokines, and proinflammatory cytokines in particular, are involved in depressive disorders. Depression sufferers have been reported to have elevated blood levels of interleukin 1 (IL-1), IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α).

Detailed Description

Dive into the extended narrative that explains the scientific background, objectives, and procedures in greater depth.

The aim of this study is to examine the relations between depression and psychiatric family history, candidate genes, cytokines and health-related quality of life among hemodialysis patients and patients receiving interferon treatment for hepatitis C. The investigators aim to recruit 200 hemodialysis patients and 100 patients receiving interferon treatment for hepatitis C at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung. Our pilot study found that among hemodialysis patients, the prevalence rates of probable anxiety disorder and probably depression disorder was 25.9% and 40.0%. Among the patients receiving interferon treatment for hepatitis C, the prevalence rates of probable anxiety disorder and probably depression disorder was 30.2% and 20.7% at baseline, and 44.0% and 36.2% at 3 months after interferon treatment. The study procedure consists of 2 parts. For the first one, all the recruited hemodialysis patients will receive assessments for fatigue symptoms using Fatigue Scale, depressive symptoms using Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), Short-form Health-related Quality of Life (SF-36), blood levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-αas well as psychiatric diagnostic interview with the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) and the Family Interview for Genetic Study (FIGS). The second one is a prospective follow up of patients receiving interferon treatment. Before initiating interferon treatment, the subjects will receive baseline assessments using the same scales mentioned above. The investigators will genotype the 5-HTTLPR triallelic polymorphism on all subjects. The follow-up visits are at month 1, month 3, termination, and one month after termination of interferon program. This proposed project will provide a broad view and better understanding of the gene-environment interaction in the etiology of depression.

Conditions

See the medical conditions and disease areas that this research is targeting or investigating.

Hemodialysis Hepatitis C

Keywords

Explore important study keywords that can help with search, categorization, and topic discovery.

Depression Cytokines Hemodialysis Interferon treatment Hepatitis C

Study Design

Understand how the trial is structured, including allocation methods, masking strategies, primary purpose, and other design elements.

Observational Model Type

CASE_ONLY

Study Time Perspective

PROSPECTIVE

Study Groups

Review each arm or cohort in the study, along with the interventions and objectives associated with them.

Hemodialysis

Hemodialysis patients

Questionnaire

Intervention Type OTHER

Questionnaires such as Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), Short-form Health-related Quality of Life (SF-36), as well as psychiatric diagnostic interview with the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) and the Family Interview for Genetic Study (FIGS).

Hepatitis C

Patients receiving interferon treatment for hepatitis C

Questionnaire

Intervention Type OTHER

Interventions

Learn about the drugs, procedures, or behavioral strategies being tested and how they are applied within this trial.

Questionnaire

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

Check the participation requirements, including inclusion and exclusion rules, age limits, and whether healthy volunteers are accepted.

Inclusion Criteria

* Aged 18 years old or more, both males and females
* Agree to participate and able to write Informed consent.

Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Responsible Party

Identify the individual or organization who holds primary responsibility for the study information submitted to regulators.

Chih-Ken Chen

Professor

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

Learn about the lead researchers overseeing the trial and their institutional affiliations.

Chih-Ken Chen, MD, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Chang Gung Memorial Hospital

References

Explore related publications, articles, or registry entries linked to this study.

Beck AT, Steer RA, Kovacs M, Garrison B. Hopelessness and eventual suicide: a 10-year prospective study of patients hospitalized with suicidal ideation. Am J Psychiatry. 1985 May;142(5):559-63. doi: 10.1176/ajp.142.5.559.

Reference Type RESULT

PMID: 3985195 (View on PubMed)

Cadoret RJ. Evidence for genetic inheritance of primary affective disorder in adoptees. Am J Psychiatry. 1978 Apr;135(4):463-6. doi: 10.1176/ajp.135.4.463.

Reference Type RESULT

PMID: 637144 (View on PubMed)

Campi-Azevedo AC, Boson W, De Marco L, Romano-Silva MA, Correa H. Association of the serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism with suicidal behavior. Mol Psychiatry. 2003 Nov;8(11):899-900. doi: 10.1038/sj.mp.4001381. No abstract available.

Reference Type RESULT

PMID: 14593426 (View on PubMed)

Capuron L, Miller AH. Cytokines and psychopathology: lessons from interferon-alpha. Biol Psychiatry. 2004 Dec 1;56(11):819-24. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.02.009.

Reference Type RESULT

PMID: 15576057 (View on PubMed)

Caspi A, Sugden K, Moffitt TE, Taylor A, Craig IW, Harrington H, McClay J, Mill J, Martin J, Braithwaite A, Poulton R. Influence of life stress on depression: moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene. Science. 2003 Jul 18;301(5631):386-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1083968.

Reference Type RESULT

PMID: 12869766 (View on PubMed)

Chalder T, Berelowitz G, Pawlikowska T, Watts L, Wessely S, Wright D, Wallace EP. Development of a fatigue scale. J Psychosom Res. 1993;37(2):147-53. doi: 10.1016/0022-3999(93)90081-p.

Reference Type RESULT

PMID: 8463991 (View on PubMed)

Chen WJ, Liu SK, Chang CJ, Lien YJ, Chang YH, Hwu HG. Sustained attention deficit and schizotypal personality features in nonpsychotic relatives of schizophrenic patients. Am J Psychiatry. 1998 Sep;155(9):1214-20. doi: 10.1176/ajp.155.9.1214.

Reference Type RESULT

PMID: 9734545 (View on PubMed)

Chisholm D, Sanderson K, Ayuso-Mateos JL, Saxena S. Reducing the global burden of depression: population-level analysis of intervention cost-effectiveness in 14 world regions. Br J Psychiatry. 2004 May;184:393-403. doi: 10.1192/bjp.184.5.393.

Reference Type RESULT

PMID: 15123502 (View on PubMed)

Chou FH, Chou P, Su TT, Ou-Yang WC, Chien IC, Lu MK, Huang MW. Quality of life and related risk factors in a Taiwanese Village population 21 months after an earthquake. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2004 May;38(5):358-64. doi: 10.1080/j.1440-1614.2004.01364.x.

Reference Type RESULT

PMID: 15144515 (View on PubMed)

Gershon ES, Hamovit J, Guroff JJ, Dibble E, Leckman JF, Sceery W, Targum SD, Nurnberger JI Jr, Goldin LR, Bunney WE Jr. A family study of schizoaffective, bipolar I, bipolar II, unipolar, and normal control probands. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1982 Oct;39(10):1157-67. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1982.04290100031006.

Reference Type RESULT

PMID: 7125846 (View on PubMed)

Goldney RD, Fisher LJ, Wilson DH, Cheok F. Suicidal ideation and health-related quality of life in the community. Med J Aust. 2001 Nov 19;175(10):546-9. doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2001.tb143717.x.

Reference Type RESULT

PMID: 11795547 (View on PubMed)

Heils A, Teufel A, Petri S, Stober G, Riederer P, Bengel D, Lesch KP. Allelic variation of human serotonin transporter gene expression. J Neurochem. 1996 Jun;66(6):2621-4. doi: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1996.66062621.x.

Reference Type RESULT

PMID: 8632190 (View on PubMed)

Hestad KA, Tonseth S, Stoen CD, Ueland T, Aukrust P. Raised plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha in patients with depression: normalization during electroconvulsive therapy. J ECT. 2003 Dec;19(4):183-8. doi: 10.1097/00124509-200312000-00002.

Reference Type RESULT

PMID: 14657769 (View on PubMed)

Horsmans Y. Interferon-induced depression in chronic hepatitis C. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2006 Oct;58(4):711-3. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkl331. Epub 2006 Sep 2.

Reference Type RESULT

PMID: 16951413 (View on PubMed)

Hu XZ, Lipsky RH, Zhu G, Akhtar LA, Taubman J, Greenberg BD, Xu K, Arnold PD, Richter MA, Kennedy JL, Murphy DL, Goldman D. Serotonin transporter promoter gain-of-function genotypes are linked to obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Hum Genet. 2006 May;78(5):815-826. doi: 10.1086/503850. Epub 2006 Mar 28.

Reference Type RESULT

PMID: 16642437 (View on PubMed)

Kelley KW, Bluthe RM, Dantzer R, Zhou JH, Shen WH, Johnson RW, Broussard SR. Cytokine-induced sickness behavior. Brain Behav Immun. 2003 Feb;17 Suppl 1:S112-8. doi: 10.1016/s0889-1591(02)00077-6.

Reference Type RESULT

PMID: 12615196 (View on PubMed)

Kuo CJ, Tang HS, Tsay CJ, Lin SK, Hu WH, Chen CC. Prevalence of psychiatric disorders among bereaved survivors of a disastrous earthquake in taiwan. Psychiatr Serv. 2003 Feb;54(2):249-51. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.54.2.249.

Reference Type RESULT

PMID: 12556609 (View on PubMed)

Kuo WH, Gallo JJ, Tien AY. Incidence of suicide ideation and attempts in adults: the 13-year follow-up of a community sample in Baltimore, Maryland. Psychol Med. 2001 Oct;31(7):1181-91. doi: 10.1017/s0033291701004482.

Reference Type RESULT

PMID: 11681544 (View on PubMed)

Lesch KP, Gutknecht L. Pharmacogenetics of the serotonin transporter. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2005 Jul;29(6):1062-73. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2005.03.012.

Reference Type RESULT

PMID: 15951088 (View on PubMed)

Maes M, Vandoolaeghe E, Ranjan R, Bosmans E, Bergmans R, Desnyder R. Increased serum interleukin-1-receptor-antagonist concentrations in major depression. J Affect Disord. 1995 Dec 24;36(1-2):29-36. doi: 10.1016/0165-0327(95)00049-6.

Reference Type RESULT

PMID: 8988262 (View on PubMed)

Mendlewicz J, Rainer JD. Adoption study supporting genetic transmission in manic--depressive illness. Nature. 1977 Jul 28;268(5618):327-9. doi: 10.1038/268327a0. No abstract available.

Reference Type RESULT

PMID: 887159 (View on PubMed)

Miller DB, O'Callaghan JP. Depression, cytokines, and glial function. Metabolism. 2005 May;54(5 Suppl 1):33-8. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2005.01.011.

Reference Type RESULT

PMID: 15877311 (View on PubMed)

Nakamura M, Ueno S, Sano A, Tanabe H. The human serotonin transporter gene linked polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) shows ten novel allelic variants. Mol Psychiatry. 2000 Jan;5(1):32-8. doi: 10.1038/sj.mp.4000698.

Reference Type RESULT

PMID: 10673766 (View on PubMed)

Nascimento I, Nardi AE, Valenca AM, Lopes FL, Mezzasalma MA, Nascentes R, Zin WA. Psychiatric disorders in asthmatic outpatients. Psychiatry Res. 2002 May 15;110(1):73-80. doi: 10.1016/s0165-1781(02)00029-x.

Reference Type RESULT

PMID: 12007595 (View on PubMed)

Nurnberger JI Jr, Blehar MC, Kaufmann CA, York-Cooler C, Simpson SG, Harkavy-Friedman J, Severe JB, Malaspina D, Reich T. Diagnostic interview for genetic studies. Rationale, unique features, and training. NIMH Genetics Initiative. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1994 Nov;51(11):849-59; discussion 863-4. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950110009002.

Reference Type RESULT

PMID: 7944874 (View on PubMed)

Perlman RL, Finkelstein FO, Liu L, Roys E, Kiser M, Eisele G, Burrows-Hudson S, Messana JM, Levin N, Rajagopalan S, Port FK, Wolfe RA, Saran R. Quality of life in chronic kidney disease (CKD): a cross-sectional analysis in the Renal Research Institute-CKD study. Am J Kidney Dis. 2005 Apr;45(4):658-66. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2004.12.021.

Reference Type RESULT

PMID: 15806468 (View on PubMed)

Pirkis J, Burgess P, Dunt D. Suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among Australian adults. Crisis. 2000;21(1):16-25. doi: 10.1027//0227-5910.21.1.16.

Reference Type RESULT

PMID: 10793467 (View on PubMed)

Ritchie K, Artero S, Beluche I, Ancelin ML, Mann A, Dupuy AM, Malafosse A, Boulenger JP. Prevalence of DSM-IV psychiatric disorder in the French elderly population. Br J Psychiatry. 2004 Feb;184:147-52. doi: 10.1192/bjp.184.2.147.

Reference Type RESULT

PMID: 14754827 (View on PubMed)

Sakai K, Nakamura M, Ueno S, Sano A, Sakai N, Shirai Y, Saito N. The silencer activity of the novel human serotonin transporter linked polymorphic regions. Neurosci Lett. 2002 Jul 12;327(1):13-6. doi: 10.1016/s0304-3940(02)00348-8.

Reference Type RESULT

PMID: 12098489 (View on PubMed)

Sheehan DV, Lecrubier Y, Sheehan KH, Amorim P, Janavs J, Weiller E, Hergueta T, Baker R, Dunbar GC. The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10. J Clin Psychiatry. 1998;59 Suppl 20:22-33;quiz 34-57.

Reference Type RESULT

PMID: 9881538 (View on PubMed)

Simon GE, Von Korff M, Lin E. Clinical and functional outcomes of depression treatment in patients with and without chronic medical illness. Psychol Med. 2005 Feb;35(2):271-9. doi: 10.1017/s0033291704003071.

Reference Type RESULT

PMID: 15841684 (View on PubMed)

Sullivan PF, Neale MC, Kendler KS. Genetic epidemiology of major depression: review and meta-analysis. Am J Psychiatry. 2000 Oct;157(10):1552-62. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.157.10.1552.

Reference Type RESULT

PMID: 11007705 (View on PubMed)

Suominen K, Isometsa E, Suokas J, Haukka J, Achte K, Lonnqvist J. Completed suicide after a suicide attempt: a 37-year follow-up study. Am J Psychiatry. 2004 Mar;161(3):562-3. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.161.3.562.

Reference Type RESULT

PMID: 14992984 (View on PubMed)

Ware JE Jr, Sherbourne CD. The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36). I. Conceptual framework and item selection. Med Care. 1992 Jun;30(6):473-83.

Reference Type RESULT

PMID: 1593914 (View on PubMed)

Weissman MM, Bland RC, Canino GJ, Greenwald S, Hwu HG, Joyce PR, Karam EG, Lee CK, Lellouch J, Lepine JP, Newman SC, Rubio-Stipec M, Wells JE, Wickramaratne PJ, Wittchen HU, Yeh EK. Prevalence of suicide ideation and suicide attempts in nine countries. Psychol Med. 1999 Jan;29(1):9-17. doi: 10.1017/s0033291798007867.

Reference Type RESULT

PMID: 10077289 (View on PubMed)

Weissman MM, Gershon ES, Kidd KK, Prusoff BA, Leckman JF, Dibble E, Hamovit J, Thompson WD, Pauls DL, Guroff JJ. Psychiatric disorders in the relatives of probands with affective disorders. The Yale University--National Institute of Mental Health Collaborative Study. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1984 Jan;41(1):13-21. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1984.01790120015003.

Reference Type RESULT

PMID: 6691780 (View on PubMed)

Wender PH, Kety SS, Rosenthal D, Schulsinger F, Ortmann J, Lunde I. Psychiatric disorders in the biological and adoptive families of adopted individuals with affective disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1986 Oct;43(10):923-9. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1986.01800100013003.

Reference Type RESULT

PMID: 3753159 (View on PubMed)

Yang SC, Kuo PW, Wang JD, Lin MI, Su S. Quality of life and its determinants of hemodialysis patients in Taiwan measured with WHOQOL-BREF(TW). Am J Kidney Dis. 2005 Oct;46(4):635-41. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2005.06.015.

Reference Type RESULT

PMID: 16183418 (View on PubMed)

Wang LJ, Chen SW, Chen CK, Yen CL, Chang JJ, Lee TS, Liu CJ, Chen LW, Chien RN. Treatment-emergent depression and anxiety between peginterferon alpha-2a versus alpha-2b plus ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C. BMC Psychiatry. 2016 Nov 25;16(1):424. doi: 10.1186/s12888-016-1135-8.

Reference Type DERIVED

PMID: 27884134 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

Review additional registry numbers or institutional identifiers associated with this trial.

98-2314-B-182-023-MY3

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

Depression, Genes, Cytokines, Chronic Fatigue, Physical Illnesses and Quality of Life

Study Results

Basic Information

Brief Summary

Detailed Description

Conditions

Keywords

Study Design

Study Groups

Hemodialysis

Questionnaire

Hepatitis C

Questionnaire

Interventions

Questionnaire

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

Sponsors

National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan

Chang Gung Memorial Hospital

Responsible Party

Chih-Ken Chen

Principal Investigators

Chih-Ken Chen, MD, PhD

References

Beck AT, Steer RA, Kovacs M, Garrison B. Hopelessness and eventual suicide: a 10-year prospective study of patients hospitalized with suicidal ideation. Am J Psychiatry. 1985 May;142(5):559-63. doi: 10.1176/ajp.142.5.559.

Cadoret RJ. Evidence for genetic inheritance of primary affective disorder in adoptees. Am J Psychiatry. 1978 Apr;135(4):463-6. doi: 10.1176/ajp.135.4.463.

Campi-Azevedo AC, Boson W, De Marco L, Romano-Silva MA, Correa H. Association of the serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism with suicidal behavior. Mol Psychiatry. 2003 Nov;8(11):899-900. doi: 10.1038/sj.mp.4001381. No abstract available.

Capuron L, Miller AH. Cytokines and psychopathology: lessons from interferon-alpha. Biol Psychiatry. 2004 Dec 1;56(11):819-24. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.02.009.

Caspi A, Sugden K, Moffitt TE, Taylor A, Craig IW, Harrington H, McClay J, Mill J, Martin J, Braithwaite A, Poulton R. Influence of life stress on depression: moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene. Science. 2003 Jul 18;301(5631):386-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1083968.

Chalder T, Berelowitz G, Pawlikowska T, Watts L, Wessely S, Wright D, Wallace EP. Development of a fatigue scale. J Psychosom Res. 1993;37(2):147-53. doi: 10.1016/0022-3999(93)90081-p.

Chen WJ, Liu SK, Chang CJ, Lien YJ, Chang YH, Hwu HG. Sustained attention deficit and schizotypal personality features in nonpsychotic relatives of schizophrenic patients. Am J Psychiatry. 1998 Sep;155(9):1214-20. doi: 10.1176/ajp.155.9.1214.

Chisholm D, Sanderson K, Ayuso-Mateos JL, Saxena S. Reducing the global burden of depression: population-level analysis of intervention cost-effectiveness in 14 world regions. Br J Psychiatry. 2004 May;184:393-403. doi: 10.1192/bjp.184.5.393.

Chou FH, Chou P, Su TT, Ou-Yang WC, Chien IC, Lu MK, Huang MW. Quality of life and related risk factors in a Taiwanese Village population 21 months after an earthquake. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2004 May;38(5):358-64. doi: 10.1080/j.1440-1614.2004.01364.x.

Goldney RD, Fisher LJ, Wilson DH, Cheok F. Suicidal ideation and health-related quality of life in the community. Med J Aust. 2001 Nov 19;175(10):546-9. doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2001.tb143717.x.

Heils A, Teufel A, Petri S, Stober G, Riederer P, Bengel D, Lesch KP. Allelic variation of human serotonin transporter gene expression. J Neurochem. 1996 Jun;66(6):2621-4. doi: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1996.66062621.x.

Hestad KA, Tonseth S, Stoen CD, Ueland T, Aukrust P. Raised plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha in patients with depression: normalization during electroconvulsive therapy. J ECT. 2003 Dec;19(4):183-8. doi: 10.1097/00124509-200312000-00002.

Horsmans Y. Interferon-induced depression in chronic hepatitis C. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2006 Oct;58(4):711-3. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkl331. Epub 2006 Sep 2.

Kelley KW, Bluthe RM, Dantzer R, Zhou JH, Shen WH, Johnson RW, Broussard SR. Cytokine-induced sickness behavior. Brain Behav Immun. 2003 Feb;17 Suppl 1:S112-8. doi: 10.1016/s0889-1591(02)00077-6.

Kuo CJ, Tang HS, Tsay CJ, Lin SK, Hu WH, Chen CC. Prevalence of psychiatric disorders among bereaved survivors of a disastrous earthquake in taiwan. Psychiatr Serv. 2003 Feb;54(2):249-51. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.54.2.249.

Kuo WH, Gallo JJ, Tien AY. Incidence of suicide ideation and attempts in adults: the 13-year follow-up of a community sample in Baltimore, Maryland. Psychol Med. 2001 Oct;31(7):1181-91. doi: 10.1017/s0033291701004482.

Lesch KP, Gutknecht L. Pharmacogenetics of the serotonin transporter. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2005 Jul;29(6):1062-73. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2005.03.012.

Maes M, Vandoolaeghe E, Ranjan R, Bosmans E, Bergmans R, Desnyder R. Increased serum interleukin-1-receptor-antagonist concentrations in major depression. J Affect Disord. 1995 Dec 24;36(1-2):29-36. doi: 10.1016/0165-0327(95)00049-6.

Mendlewicz J, Rainer JD. Adoption study supporting genetic transmission in manic--depressive illness. Nature. 1977 Jul 28;268(5618):327-9. doi: 10.1038/268327a0. No abstract available.

Miller DB, O'Callaghan JP. Depression, cytokines, and glial function. Metabolism. 2005 May;54(5 Suppl 1):33-8. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2005.01.011.

Nakamura M, Ueno S, Sano A, Tanabe H. The human serotonin transporter gene linked polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) shows ten novel allelic variants. Mol Psychiatry. 2000 Jan;5(1):32-8. doi: 10.1038/sj.mp.4000698.

Nascimento I, Nardi AE, Valenca AM, Lopes FL, Mezzasalma MA, Nascentes R, Zin WA. Psychiatric disorders in asthmatic outpatients. Psychiatry Res. 2002 May 15;110(1):73-80. doi: 10.1016/s0165-1781(02)00029-x.

Pirkis J, Burgess P, Dunt D. Suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among Australian adults. Crisis. 2000;21(1):16-25. doi: 10.1027//0227-5910.21.1.16.

Ritchie K, Artero S, Beluche I, Ancelin ML, Mann A, Dupuy AM, Malafosse A, Boulenger JP. Prevalence of DSM-IV psychiatric disorder in the French elderly population. Br J Psychiatry. 2004 Feb;184:147-52. doi: 10.1192/bjp.184.2.147.

Sakai K, Nakamura M, Ueno S, Sano A, Sakai N, Shirai Y, Saito N. The silencer activity of the novel human serotonin transporter linked polymorphic regions. Neurosci Lett. 2002 Jul 12;327(1):13-6. doi: 10.1016/s0304-3940(02)00348-8.

Simon GE, Von Korff M, Lin E. Clinical and functional outcomes of depression treatment in patients with and without chronic medical illness. Psychol Med. 2005 Feb;35(2):271-9. doi: 10.1017/s0033291704003071.

Sullivan PF, Neale MC, Kendler KS. Genetic epidemiology of major depression: review and meta-analysis. Am J Psychiatry. 2000 Oct;157(10):1552-62. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.157.10.1552.

Suominen K, Isometsa E, Suokas J, Haukka J, Achte K, Lonnqvist J. Completed suicide after a suicide attempt: a 37-year follow-up study. Am J Psychiatry. 2004 Mar;161(3):562-3. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.161.3.562.

Ware JE Jr, Sherbourne CD. The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36). I. Conceptual framework and item selection. Med Care. 1992 Jun;30(6):473-83.

Wender PH, Kety SS, Rosenthal D, Schulsinger F, Ortmann J, Lunde I. Psychiatric disorders in the biological and adoptive families of adopted individuals with affective disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1986 Oct;43(10):923-9. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1986.01800100013003.

Yang SC, Kuo PW, Wang JD, Lin MI, Su S. Quality of life and its determinants of hemodialysis patients in Taiwan measured with WHOQOL-BREF(TW). Am J Kidney Dis. 2005 Oct;46(4):635-41. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2005.06.015.

Wang LJ, Chen SW, Chen CK, Yen CL, Chang JJ, Lee TS, Liu CJ, Chen LW, Chien RN. Treatment-emergent depression and anxiety between peginterferon alpha-2a versus alpha-2b plus ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C. BMC Psychiatry. 2016 Nov 25;16(1):424. doi: 10.1186/s12888-016-1135-8.

Other Identifiers

98-2314-B-182-023-MY3