Impact of Different Types of Exercise Training on Biochemical Markers of Insulin-dependent Patients
NCT ID: NCT02939768
Last Updated: 2017-11-08
Study Results
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
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COMPLETED
NA
28 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2016-08-31
2017-11-30
Brief Summary
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Considering that most people with T1DM do not reach recommended levels of physical activity due to concern about the rapid drop in blood sugar and the excuse of "lack of time", shorter sessions of exercise that provide several benefits should be encouraged. Thus, this work aims to compare the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT), strength training (ST) and both interventions on several blood markers and functional parameters in T1DM patients.
Study hypothesis: (1) ST+HIIT will be more beneficial than HIIT, which in turn will be more beneficial than ST, on modification of blood levels of pro and anti-inflammatory, pro and antioxidant, lipid, renal and glucose metabolism parameters and (2) ST+HIIT will be more beneficial than HIIT, which in turn will be more beneficial than ST, on modification of functional parameters, body composition and maximal oxygen uptake.
Detailed Description
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Methods: Twenty-seven sedentary T1DM patients (18-40 yo) will be recruited to this randomized clinical trial. Volunteers will sign an informed written consent before enrollment in the study, which was approved by the Ethics Committee of Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. Initially, all individuals will participate of a control period lasting four weeks, in which they will be asked to maintain their habitual level of physical activity and the usual eating pattern. After, participants will be randomized in three groups: HIIT, ST or ST+HIIT, each lasting ten weeks, with training sessions performed three times/week in cycle ergometers and/or weight machines. HIIT protocol will be consisted of 10 x 1 min cycling bouts performed \~90% maximal heart rate interspersed with 1 min active recovery. ST will consist of three sets performed at the subjects' 10 repetitions maximum load in seven exercises. Participants in the ST+HIIT will perform both training protocols in the same session.
Before control period and before and after interventions, submaximal strength tests, cardiorespiratory fitness test, 3-day diet record and blood draws will be assessed/performed. Body composition will be evaluated before and after the training period. At the 4th week of interventions, the submaximal strength tests and cardiorespiratory fitness test will be assessed for adjusting loads.
According the normality of data, paired Student's t test or Wilcoxon signed rank test will be utilized to determine differences before and after control period. The homogeneity of variances will be confirmed by Mauchly's test, and a Greenhouse-Geisser correction will be applied to the degrees of freedom if the sphericity assumption is violated. Blood outcomes, maximal oxygen uptake and strength values will be analyzed using a two-way ANOVA (3 conditions vs 2 times) with repeated-measures and subsequent Bonferroni post hoc analysis when required. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 19.0 Inc, Chicago, USA) will be utilized and statistical significance set at P \< 0.05.
Conditions
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
PARALLEL
TREATMENT
NONE
Study Groups
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Exercise training protocols
Participants will be randomized in one of three groups: HIIT, ST or ST combined with HIIT (ST+HIIT). Each training protocol will last 10 weeks, being the initial two weeks designed to participants' gradual adaptations to respective training protocol, with sessions performed three times per week in non-consecutive days.
High-intensity interval training (HIIT)
The HIIT sessions will be performed on cycle ergometers and will be consisted of 10 x 60-s cycling intervals interspersed with 60 s recovery. Individual workloads will be selected to elicit \~90% maximal heart rate attained in the cardiorespiratory fitness test (HRmax). A passive or active recovery will be given among high-intensity stimulus. Each training session will include 3-min warm-up and 2-min cool-down phase performed \~50% (HRmax), totalling 25 min. This intervention will last 10 weeks.
Strength training (ST)
ST protocol will consist of three sets performed at maximum weight that participants could move eight times with good technique in the following exercises: supine bench press (pectoralis major), leg press (quadriceps, biceps femoris, gluteus maximus), lat pulldown (latissimus dorsi), leg extension (quadriceps), shoulder press (deltoids), leg curl (biceps femoris) and abdominal crunch (abdominal muscles). It will be given 1-min rest between series, totalizing approximately 35 min of ST. This intervention will last 10 weeks.
ST combined with HIIT (ST+HIIT)
Participants in the ST+HIIT group will execute ST and HIIT (in this order) above described in the same training session, lasting approximately 60 min. This intervention will last 10 weeks.
Control period
Before interventions (exercise training protocols), all participants will participate of a control period lasting one month, where participants will be encouraged to maintain their habitual lifestyle and usual diet habits.
No interventions assigned to this group
Interventions
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High-intensity interval training (HIIT)
The HIIT sessions will be performed on cycle ergometers and will be consisted of 10 x 60-s cycling intervals interspersed with 60 s recovery. Individual workloads will be selected to elicit \~90% maximal heart rate attained in the cardiorespiratory fitness test (HRmax). A passive or active recovery will be given among high-intensity stimulus. Each training session will include 3-min warm-up and 2-min cool-down phase performed \~50% (HRmax), totalling 25 min. This intervention will last 10 weeks.
Strength training (ST)
ST protocol will consist of three sets performed at maximum weight that participants could move eight times with good technique in the following exercises: supine bench press (pectoralis major), leg press (quadriceps, biceps femoris, gluteus maximus), lat pulldown (latissimus dorsi), leg extension (quadriceps), shoulder press (deltoids), leg curl (biceps femoris) and abdominal crunch (abdominal muscles). It will be given 1-min rest between series, totalizing approximately 35 min of ST. This intervention will last 10 weeks.
ST combined with HIIT (ST+HIIT)
Participants in the ST+HIIT group will execute ST and HIIT (in this order) above described in the same training session, lasting approximately 60 min. This intervention will last 10 weeks.
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* Have lived with T1DM for at least four years;
* Physically inactive status (\< 150 min of self-reported structured physical activity per week in the previous three months).
Exclusion Criteria
* Cardiovascular diseases;
* Retinopathy;
* Severe musculoskeletal injuries;
* Recent infections;
* Use of antioxidant supplements.
18 Years
40 Years
ALL
No
Sponsors
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Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Alvaro Reischak-Oliveira
Principal Investigator
Locations
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Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Countries
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References
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Eckstein ML, Farinha JB, McCarthy O, West DJ, Yardley JE, Bally L, Zueger T, Stettler C, Boff W, Reischak-Oliveira A, Riddell MC, Zaharieva DP, Pieber TR, Muller A, Birnbaumer P, Aziz F, Brugnara L, Haahr H, Zijlstra E, Heise T, Sourij H, Roden M, Hofmann P, Bracken RM, Pesta D, Moser O. Differences in Physiological Responses to Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Adults With and Without Type 1 Diabetes: A Pooled Analysis. Diabetes Care. 2021 Jan;44(1):240-247. doi: 10.2337/dc20-1496. Epub 2020 Nov 12.
Farinha JB, Ramis TR, Vieira AF, Macedo RCO, Rodrigues-Krause J, Boeno FP, Schroeder HT, Muller CH, Boff W, Krause M, De Bittencourt PIH Jr, Reischak-Oliveira A. Glycemic, inflammatory and oxidative stress responses to different high-intensity training protocols in type 1 diabetes: A randomized clinical trial. J Diabetes Complications. 2018 Dec;32(12):1124-1132. doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2018.09.008. Epub 2018 Sep 19.
Other Identifiers
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53935916.9.0000.5347
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id