Trial Outcomes & Findings for Empowered With Movement to Prevent Obesity and Weight Regain (NCT NCT02923674)

NCT ID: NCT02923674

Last Updated: 2022-03-23

Results Overview

Measured in clinic on the same scale

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

NA

Target enrollment

183 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

Baseline

Results posted on

2022-03-23

Participant Flow

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
Weight Loss + Exercise + Sitless
Weight loss: All participants will undergo a dietary WL intervention designed to elicit behavioral changes leading to decreased caloric intake sufficient to yield a \~10% loss of initial body mass. The WL intervention includes nutrition education, state-of-the-art behavioral methods for promoting WL, and strategies that optimize self-regulation. Exercise: Perform structured aerobic exercise (mostly treadmill walking) of moderate-intensity for 4-5 days/week, progressing to a duration of 200 min/week. Participants will attend center-based sessions for at least 3 days/week during the first intensive 6-month phase and at least one day/week during the second 3-month transition phase (months 7-9), with recording of home-based exercise for the other 2-4 days/week. Sitless: Encouraged and taught to reduce sedentary behavior (SB) during waking hours. The SitLess treatment targets increases in postural shifts and light, spontaneous physical activity (SPA) (MET level \<3).
Weight Loss + Exercise
Weight loss: All participants will undergo a dietary WL intervention designed to elicit behavioral changes leading to decreased caloric intake sufficient to yield a \~10% loss of initial body mass. The WL intervention includes nutrition education, state-of-the-art behavioral methods for promoting WL, and strategies that optimize self-regulation. Exercise: Perform structured aerobic exercise (mostly treadmill walking) of moderate-intensity for 4-5 days/week, progressing to a duration of 200 min/week. Participants will attend center-based sessions for at least 3 days/week during the first intensive 6-month phase and at least one day/week during the second 3-month transition phase (months 7-9), with recording of home-based exercise for the other 2-4 days/week.
Weight Loss + Sitless
Weight loss: All participants will undergo a dietary WL intervention designed to elicit behavioral changes leading to decreased caloric intake sufficient to yield a \~10% loss of initial body mass. The WL intervention includes nutrition education, state-of-the-art behavioral methods for promoting WL, and strategies that optimize self-regulation. Sitless: Encouraged and taught to reduce sedentary behavior (SB) during waking hours. The SitLess treatment targets increases in postural shifts and light, spontaneous physical activity (SPA) (MET level \<3).
Overall Study
STARTED
60
60
63
Overall Study
COMPLETED
32
32
38
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
28
28
25

Reasons for withdrawal

Reasons for withdrawal
Measure
Weight Loss + Exercise + Sitless
Weight loss: All participants will undergo a dietary WL intervention designed to elicit behavioral changes leading to decreased caloric intake sufficient to yield a \~10% loss of initial body mass. The WL intervention includes nutrition education, state-of-the-art behavioral methods for promoting WL, and strategies that optimize self-regulation. Exercise: Perform structured aerobic exercise (mostly treadmill walking) of moderate-intensity for 4-5 days/week, progressing to a duration of 200 min/week. Participants will attend center-based sessions for at least 3 days/week during the first intensive 6-month phase and at least one day/week during the second 3-month transition phase (months 7-9), with recording of home-based exercise for the other 2-4 days/week. Sitless: Encouraged and taught to reduce sedentary behavior (SB) during waking hours. The SitLess treatment targets increases in postural shifts and light, spontaneous physical activity (SPA) (MET level \<3).
Weight Loss + Exercise
Weight loss: All participants will undergo a dietary WL intervention designed to elicit behavioral changes leading to decreased caloric intake sufficient to yield a \~10% loss of initial body mass. The WL intervention includes nutrition education, state-of-the-art behavioral methods for promoting WL, and strategies that optimize self-regulation. Exercise: Perform structured aerobic exercise (mostly treadmill walking) of moderate-intensity for 4-5 days/week, progressing to a duration of 200 min/week. Participants will attend center-based sessions for at least 3 days/week during the first intensive 6-month phase and at least one day/week during the second 3-month transition phase (months 7-9), with recording of home-based exercise for the other 2-4 days/week.
Weight Loss + Sitless
Weight loss: All participants will undergo a dietary WL intervention designed to elicit behavioral changes leading to decreased caloric intake sufficient to yield a \~10% loss of initial body mass. The WL intervention includes nutrition education, state-of-the-art behavioral methods for promoting WL, and strategies that optimize self-regulation. Sitless: Encouraged and taught to reduce sedentary behavior (SB) during waking hours. The SitLess treatment targets increases in postural shifts and light, spontaneous physical activity (SPA) (MET level \<3).
Overall Study
Clinic Closed Due to COVID-19
14
11
14
Overall Study
Lost to Follow-up
7
12
7
Overall Study
Problem with intervention
2
2
1
Overall Study
Adverse Event
3
1
1
Overall Study
Withdrawal by Subject
2
2
2

Baseline Characteristics

Empowered With Movement to Prevent Obesity and Weight Regain

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
Weight Loss + Exercise + Sitless
n=60 Participants
Weight loss: All participants will undergo a dietary WL intervention designed to elicit behavioral changes leading to decreased caloric intake sufficient to yield a \~10% loss of initial body mass. The WL intervention includes nutrition education, state-of-the-art behavioral methods for promoting WL, and strategies that optimize self-regulation. Exercise: Perform structured aerobic exercise (mostly treadmill walking) of moderate-intensity for 4-5 days/week, progressing to a duration of 200 min/week. Participants will attend center-based sessions for at least 3 days/week during the first intensive 6-month phase and at least one day/week during the second 3-month transition phase (months 7-9), with recording of home-based exercise for the other 2-4 days/week. Sitless: Encouraged and taught to reduce sedentary behavior (SB) during waking hours. The SitLess treatment targets increases in postural shifts and light, spontaneous physical activity (SPA) (MET level \<3).
Weight Loss + Sitless
n=63 Participants
Weight loss: All participants will undergo a dietary WL intervention designed to elicit behavioral changes leading to decreased caloric intake sufficient to yield a \~10% loss of initial body mass. The WL intervention includes nutrition education, state-of-the-art behavioral methods for promoting WL, and strategies that optimize self-regulation. Sitless: Encouraged and taught to reduce sedentary behavior (SB) during waking hours. The SitLess treatment targets increases in postural shifts and light, spontaneous physical activity (SPA) (MET level \<3).
Weight Loss + Exercise
n=60 Participants
Weight loss: All participants will undergo a dietary WL intervention designed to elicit behavioral changes leading to decreased caloric intake sufficient to yield a \~10% loss of initial body mass. The WL intervention includes nutrition education, state-of-the-art behavioral methods for promoting WL, and strategies that optimize self-regulation. Exercise: Perform structured aerobic exercise (mostly treadmill walking) of moderate-intensity for 4-5 days/week, progressing to a duration of 200 min/week. Participants will attend center-based sessions for at least 3 days/week during the first intensive 6-month phase and at least one day/week during the second 3-month transition phase (months 7-9), with recording of home-based exercise for the other 2-4 days/week.
Total
n=183 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
Age, Continuous
69.6 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.0 • n=5 Participants
69.6 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.6 • n=7 Participants
70.7 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.1 • n=5 Participants
70.2 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.2 • n=4 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
46 Participants
n=5 Participants
47 Participants
n=7 Participants
48 Participants
n=5 Participants
141 Participants
n=4 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
14 Participants
n=5 Participants
16 Participants
n=7 Participants
12 Participants
n=5 Participants
42 Participants
n=4 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
White
42 Participants
n=5 Participants
49 Participants
n=7 Participants
45 Participants
n=5 Participants
136 Participants
n=4 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Black
18 Participants
n=5 Participants
14 Participants
n=7 Participants
15 Participants
n=5 Participants
47 Participants
n=4 Participants
Region of Enrollment
United States
60 participants
n=5 Participants
63 participants
n=7 Participants
60 participants
n=5 Participants
183 participants
n=4 Participants
Education (>High School)
57 Participants
n=5 Participants
49 Participants
n=7 Participants
52 Participants
n=5 Participants
158 Participants
n=4 Participants
Cognitive Status (MoCA) Score
26.2 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.3 • n=5 Participants
26.1 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.2 • n=7 Participants
25.3 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.2 • n=5 Participants
25.86 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.27 • n=4 Participants
Depression (CES-D) Score
6.4 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.1 • n=5 Participants
6.0 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.2 • n=7 Participants
6.48 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.4 • n=5 Participants
6.31 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.57 • n=4 Participants
Height
165.0 cm
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.5 • n=5 Participants
165.4 cm
STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.3 • n=7 Participants
162.2 cm
STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.9 • n=5 Participants
164.3 cm
STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.6 • n=4 Participants
Body Mass
96.8 kg
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.8 • n=5 Participants
97.2 kg
STANDARD_DEVIATION 14.3 • n=7 Participants
94.3 kg
STANDARD_DEVIATION 14.0 • n=5 Participants
95.8 kg
STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.9 • n=4 Participants
Body Mass Index
35.4 kg/m^2
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.7 • n=5 Participants
35.4 kg/m^2
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.8 • n=7 Participants
35.5 kg/m^2
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.8 • n=5 Participants
35.4 kg/m^2
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.8 • n=4 Participants
Waist to Hip Ratio
0.88 ratio
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.10 • n=5 Participants
0.90 ratio
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.09 • n=7 Participants
0.88 ratio
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.10 • n=5 Participants
0.9 ratio
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.3 • n=4 Participants
Gait Speed
1.00 m/sec
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.17 • n=5 Participants
1.03 m/sec
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.19 • n=7 Participants
1.00 m/sec
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.16 • n=5 Participants
1.0 m/sec
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.2 • n=4 Participants
Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) Score
10.8 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.1 • n=5 Participants
10.5 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.4 • n=7 Participants
10.7 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.4 • n=5 Participants
10.7 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.3 • n=4 Participants
Expanded Short Physical Performance Battery (eSPPB) Score
2.2 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.3 • n=5 Participants
2.2 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.4 • n=7 Participants
2.3 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.3 • n=5 Participants
2.2 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.3 • n=4 Participants
Aerobic fitness
22.2 VO2peak; ml/kg/min
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.8 • n=5 Participants
20.3 VO2peak; ml/kg/min
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.0 • n=7 Participants
21.2 VO2peak; ml/kg/min
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.9 • n=5 Participants
20.6 VO2peak; ml/kg/min
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.1 • n=4 Participants
Resting Seated Blood Pressure--Systolic
132 mmHg
STANDARD_DEVIATION 13 • n=5 Participants
135 mmHg
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12 • n=7 Participants
135 mmHg
STANDARD_DEVIATION 13 • n=5 Participants
134.8 mmHg
STANDARD_DEVIATION 14.2 • n=4 Participants
Resting Seated Blood Pressure Diastolic
82 mmHg
STANDARD_DEVIATION 8 • n=5 Participants
81 mmHg
STANDARD_DEVIATION 8 • n=7 Participants
82 mmHg
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7 • n=5 Participants
82 mmHg
STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.9 • n=4 Participants
Self-reported comorbidity Hypertension
40 Participants
n=5 Participants
36 Participants
n=7 Participants
43 Participants
n=5 Participants
119 Participants
n=4 Participants
Self-reported comorbidity Diabetes
7 Participants
n=5 Participants
11 Participants
n=7 Participants
5 Participants
n=5 Participants
23 Participants
n=4 Participants
Self-reported comorbidity Sleep Apnea
24 Participants
n=5 Participants
19 Participants
n=7 Participants
19 Participants
n=5 Participants
62 Participants
n=4 Participants
Self-reported comorbidity Osteoarthritis
42 Participants
n=5 Participants
43 Participants
n=7 Participants
43 Participants
n=5 Participants
128 Participants
n=4 Participants
Self-reported comorbidity Osteopenia
14 Participants
n=5 Participants
9 Participants
n=7 Participants
15 Participants
n=5 Participants
38 Participants
n=4 Participants
Anti-hypertensive Medication use
42 Participants
n=5 Participants
41 Participants
n=7 Participants
44 Participants
n=5 Participants
127 Participants
n=4 Participants
Cholesterol-lowering Medication use
32 Participants
n=5 Participants
30 Participants
n=7 Participants
33 Participants
n=5 Participants
95 Participants
n=4 Participants
Glucose control Medication use
6 Participants
n=5 Participants
11 Participants
n=7 Participants
4 Participants
n=5 Participants
21 Participants
n=4 Participants
Anti-depressant/mood Medication use
16 Participants
n=5 Participants
16 Participants
n=7 Participants
20 Participants
n=5 Participants
52 Participants
n=4 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline

Population: The CONSORT represents all 6 waves while our results only include data for Waves 1-4 due to COVID restrictions impacting the 18mo visit data for Waves 5 and 6.

Measured in clinic on the same scale

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Weight Loss + Exercise + Sitless
n=26 Participants
Weight loss: All participants will undergo a dietary WL intervention designed to elicit behavioral changes leading to decreased caloric intake sufficient to yield a \~10% loss of initial body mass. The WL intervention includes nutrition education, state-of-the-art behavioral methods for promoting WL, and strategies that optimize self-regulation. Exercise: Perform structured aerobic exercise (mostly treadmill walking) of moderate-intensity for 4-5 days/week, progressing to a duration of 200 min/week. Participants will attend center-based sessions for at least 3 days/week during the first intensive 6-month phase and at least one day/week during the second 3-month transition phase (months 7-9), with recording of home-based exercise for the other 2-4 days/week. Sitless: Encouraged and taught to reduce sedentary behavior (SB) during waking hours. The SitLess treatment targets increases in postural shifts and light, spontaneous physical activity (SPA) (MET level \<3).
Weight Loss + Exercise
n=31 Participants
Weight loss: All participants will undergo a dietary WL intervention designed to elicit behavioral changes leading to decreased caloric intake sufficient to yield a \~10% loss of initial body mass. The WL intervention includes nutrition education, state-of-the-art behavioral methods for promoting WL, and strategies that optimize self-regulation. Exercise: Perform structured aerobic exercise (mostly treadmill walking) of moderate-intensity for 4-5 days/week, progressing to a duration of 200 min/week. Participants will attend center-based sessions for at least 3 days/week during the first intensive 6-month phase and at least one day/week during the second 3-month transition phase (months 7-9), with recording of home-based exercise for the other 2-4 days/week.
Weight Loss + Sitless
n=31 Participants
Weight loss: All participants will undergo a dietary WL intervention designed to elicit behavioral changes leading to decreased caloric intake sufficient to yield a \~10% loss of initial body mass. The WL intervention includes nutrition education, state-of-the-art behavioral methods for promoting WL, and strategies that optimize self-regulation. Sitless: Encouraged and taught to reduce sedentary behavior (SB) during waking hours. The SitLess treatment targets increases in postural shifts and light, spontaneous physical activity (SPA) (MET level \<3).
Body Weight
94.7 kg
Standard Deviation 10.2
91.6 kg
Standard Deviation 14.3
95.1 kg
Standard Deviation 14.3

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 months

Population: The CONSORT represents all 6 waves while our results only include data for Waves 1-4 due to COVID restrictions impacting the 18mo visit data for Waves 5 and 6.

Measured in clinic on the same scale

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Weight Loss + Exercise + Sitless
n=26 Participants
Weight loss: All participants will undergo a dietary WL intervention designed to elicit behavioral changes leading to decreased caloric intake sufficient to yield a \~10% loss of initial body mass. The WL intervention includes nutrition education, state-of-the-art behavioral methods for promoting WL, and strategies that optimize self-regulation. Exercise: Perform structured aerobic exercise (mostly treadmill walking) of moderate-intensity for 4-5 days/week, progressing to a duration of 200 min/week. Participants will attend center-based sessions for at least 3 days/week during the first intensive 6-month phase and at least one day/week during the second 3-month transition phase (months 7-9), with recording of home-based exercise for the other 2-4 days/week. Sitless: Encouraged and taught to reduce sedentary behavior (SB) during waking hours. The SitLess treatment targets increases in postural shifts and light, spontaneous physical activity (SPA) (MET level \<3).
Weight Loss + Exercise
n=31 Participants
Weight loss: All participants will undergo a dietary WL intervention designed to elicit behavioral changes leading to decreased caloric intake sufficient to yield a \~10% loss of initial body mass. The WL intervention includes nutrition education, state-of-the-art behavioral methods for promoting WL, and strategies that optimize self-regulation. Exercise: Perform structured aerobic exercise (mostly treadmill walking) of moderate-intensity for 4-5 days/week, progressing to a duration of 200 min/week. Participants will attend center-based sessions for at least 3 days/week during the first intensive 6-month phase and at least one day/week during the second 3-month transition phase (months 7-9), with recording of home-based exercise for the other 2-4 days/week.
Weight Loss + Sitless
n=33 Participants
Weight loss: All participants will undergo a dietary WL intervention designed to elicit behavioral changes leading to decreased caloric intake sufficient to yield a \~10% loss of initial body mass. The WL intervention includes nutrition education, state-of-the-art behavioral methods for promoting WL, and strategies that optimize self-regulation. Sitless: Encouraged and taught to reduce sedentary behavior (SB) during waking hours. The SitLess treatment targets increases in postural shifts and light, spontaneous physical activity (SPA) (MET level \<3).
Body Weight
86.9 kg
Standard Deviation 12.4
82.8 kg
Standard Deviation 11.4
87.0 kg
Standard Deviation 13.3

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 18 months

Population: The CONSORT represents all 6 waves while our results only include data for Waves 1-4 due to COVID restrictions impacting the 18mo visit data for Waves 5 and 6.

Measured in clinic on the same scale

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Weight Loss + Exercise + Sitless
n=26 Participants
Weight loss: All participants will undergo a dietary WL intervention designed to elicit behavioral changes leading to decreased caloric intake sufficient to yield a \~10% loss of initial body mass. The WL intervention includes nutrition education, state-of-the-art behavioral methods for promoting WL, and strategies that optimize self-regulation. Exercise: Perform structured aerobic exercise (mostly treadmill walking) of moderate-intensity for 4-5 days/week, progressing to a duration of 200 min/week. Participants will attend center-based sessions for at least 3 days/week during the first intensive 6-month phase and at least one day/week during the second 3-month transition phase (months 7-9), with recording of home-based exercise for the other 2-4 days/week. Sitless: Encouraged and taught to reduce sedentary behavior (SB) during waking hours. The SitLess treatment targets increases in postural shifts and light, spontaneous physical activity (SPA) (MET level \<3).
Weight Loss + Exercise
n=31 Participants
Weight loss: All participants will undergo a dietary WL intervention designed to elicit behavioral changes leading to decreased caloric intake sufficient to yield a \~10% loss of initial body mass. The WL intervention includes nutrition education, state-of-the-art behavioral methods for promoting WL, and strategies that optimize self-regulation. Exercise: Perform structured aerobic exercise (mostly treadmill walking) of moderate-intensity for 4-5 days/week, progressing to a duration of 200 min/week. Participants will attend center-based sessions for at least 3 days/week during the first intensive 6-month phase and at least one day/week during the second 3-month transition phase (months 7-9), with recording of home-based exercise for the other 2-4 days/week.
Weight Loss + Sitless
n=33 Participants
Weight loss: All participants will undergo a dietary WL intervention designed to elicit behavioral changes leading to decreased caloric intake sufficient to yield a \~10% loss of initial body mass. The WL intervention includes nutrition education, state-of-the-art behavioral methods for promoting WL, and strategies that optimize self-regulation. Sitless: Encouraged and taught to reduce sedentary behavior (SB) during waking hours. The SitLess treatment targets increases in postural shifts and light, spontaneous physical activity (SPA) (MET level \<3).
Body Weight
89.8 kg
Standard Deviation 14.3
87.2 kg
Standard Deviation 13.1
88.7 kg
Standard Deviation 14.3

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Baseline (0mo), 6mo, 18mo

13 item scale used to measure fatigue over the past week with a 4-point Likert scale. The score range is 0-52 with a score of less than 30 indicating severe fatigue, and higher score denoting a better quality of life.

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, 6mo, 18mo

DAn 8 item questionnaire that assess fatigue over the past 7 days. All items are summed with the lowest possible score equaling 8 and the highest, a 40. A higher score indicates more fatigue.

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, 6mo, 18mo

10 item scale that assesses fatigability (fatigue in the context of a standardized task). A higher score indicates a higher performance fatigability, slower gait speed, worsening physical function. A 10 item scale that assesses fatigability (fatigue in the context of a standardized task). Score range is 0-50 with a higher score = a higher performance fatigability, slower gait speed, worsening physical function.

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, 6mo, 18mo

A 36 item survey of overall health broken into 8 scaled scores of vitality, physical function, pain, general health, mental health, social, physical, and emotional role functioning. Ranging from 0 to 100, the lower a person scores, the more disability.

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, 6mo, 18mo

Self-reported measure used to determine a person's belief in their physical capability to successfully complete incremental walking distances (5-40 minutes) at a moderate pace. The total strength for each measure of self-efficacy is then calculated by summing the confidence ratings and dividing by the total number of items in the scale, resulting in a maximum possible efficacy score of 100.

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, 6mo, 18mo

A scale testing how satisfied an individual is with their physical fitness and abilities. Levels of satisfaction are rated on a 7 point scale from very dissatisfied to very satisfied. All items are then averaged to create a score ranging from -3 to 3.

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, 6mo, 18mo

Used to measure self-efficacy for appropriate eating using 5 subscales (Negative Emotions, Availability, Social Pressure, Physical Discomfort, Positive Activities) of 4 items each (e.g., "I can resist eating even when high-calorie foods are available"). Item responses range from 0 (not confident) to 9 (very confident). An average score is created for each subscale and then a total score by averaging across all items. On a scale from 10 to 40, higher scores represent greater confidence in being able to restrain oneself from eating under difference contexts.

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, 6mo, 18mo

Scale used to evaluate the construct of adult attachment by examining avoidance and anxiety. A person rates each statement about connection using a 7-point Likert scale which ranges from 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree). To obtain score, average responses from all 36 items. A score will range from 7 to 42 with a higher score representing insecure attachment.

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, 6mo, 18mo

15-item questionnaire used to assess the core characteristic of mindfulness, or an awareness of and attention to what is taking place in the present. The 15 items are collected in a Likert scale, totaled, and averaged for a final score ranging from 1-7. A higher score reflects higher levels of mindfulness and a lower score is indicative of a negative emotional state.

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, 6mo, 18mo

Scale assessing the psychological impact of living in food-abundant environments. It measures appetite for, rather than consumption of, palatable foods, at three levels of food proximity (food available, food present, and food tasted).

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, 6mo, 18mo

A questionnaire used to measure the perception of stress and how often a person felt that way in the last month. Individual scores range from 0 to 40 with higher scores indicating a person perceives higher levels of stress which could lead to or correlate with negative behaviors such as stress eating or decreases in physical activity

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, 6mo, 18mo

15-item measure of short-term changes in food cravings. Responses are made on a five-point Likert scale with response categories ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). The scale yields a sum total from the five subscale scores, including, 1) an intense desire to eat; 2) anticipation of positive reinforcement that may result from eating; 3) anticipation of relief from negative states and feelings as a result of eating; 4) obsessive preoccupation with food or lack of control over eating; and 5) craving as a physiological state. Sum scores range from 15 to 90 with higher scores representing more frequent and intense experiences of craving food.

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: 6mo, 18mo

Administered during assessment visits to gain insight on the participants' opinion of the technology (i.e., Empower application and web-based questionnaires, any tests/emails received from the Empower team) used in the study. Examples of these open-ended questions include: 1) How useful did you find the Empower smartphone app?; 2) To what extent was the Empower app a burden to use?; 3) How difficult or easy was the app to use?; 4) How important did you feel the app was to your experience in the Empower study?; 5) What were one or two of your favorite and least favorite features of the Empower app? Questions were not scored or used in data analysis, but provided staff with an overall user opinion as well as constructive criticism in order to improve similar technologies in future studies.

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: 6 mo, 18 mo

Administered at assessment visits to gain inside on the participants' opinion on the group dynamic used in the first 6 months of the study. Examples of the dichotomous questions include: 1) Did you enjoy working with the staff and participants?; 2) Did you feel pressured by staff and or participants to do well in the study?; 3) Did you get along with the staff and participants in Empower?; 4) Did you feel comfortable expressing your ideas and opinions to staff members and fellow participants?; 5) Do you feel people a part of the Empower study care about you? Questions were not scored or used in data analysis, but provided staff with an overall opinion of participant experience as well as constructive criticism in order to improve similar group settings in future studies.

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, 6mo, 18mo

Three anthropometric measures at three anatomical locations are taken using a handheld measuring table with tension and recorded in centimeters. The waist measurement is taken at the narrowest part of the torso below the ribcage and above the umbilicus. The hip measurement is measured at the maximal circumference of the buttocks. The mid-thigh is taken with the knee bent to 90°, midway between the inguinal crease and the proximal border of the patella. The measurements taken at each site are averaged. A waist/hip ratio is calculated.

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, 6mo, 18mo

Consists of a test of balance, gait speed test, and chair stand, performed in this order. The following equipment is required for the expanded SPPB: digital stopwatch, masking tape, measuring tape, script, and a straight-backed armless chair with a hard seat. To eliminate the effect of different footwear on test performance, tests are performed in tennis shoes or comfortable walking shoes with minimal or no heels. Tests are individually scored 0-4 and then totaled for a maximal score of 12. The higher a score, the better an individual's mobility and functional ability.

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, 6mo, 18mo

Test is done on a treadmill to assess perceived fatigability at a given workload. Participants are asked to rate their RPE (rating of perceived exertion) just as they start walking (0 min, 2.0 mph), half way through (2.5 min, 2.0 mph), and at the end of the test (5 min, 2.0 mph). Heart rate via a heart rate monitoring watch will be recorded at these same intervals.

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, 6mo, 18mo

Measured during a maximal graded exercise test (GXT) to exhaustion on a treadmill using a Raise, Activate, Mobilise, Potentiate (RAMP) protocol. The GXT is used to rule out any latent coronary artery disease and to measure cardiovascular functional capacity and peak oxygen uptake. The respiratory rate, minute ventilation, breathing reserve, VO2, Validation of Carbon Dioxide Production (VCO2), respiratory exchange ratio, one metabolic equivalent (MET) level, heart rate (HR), VO2/HR, kilocalorie/minutes (Kcal/min), Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) and Blood pressure (BP) at test conclusion are recorded.

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, 6mo, 18mo

The Jaymar Handheld Dynamometer is used to measure grip strength in both hands. To the nearest and highest kilogram achieved, hand grip strength is a commonly used measure of upper body skeletal muscle function and has been widely used as a general indicator of frailty with predictive validity for both mortality and functional limitation.

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, 6mo, 18mo

A facemask will be placed on the participant while he/she is lying on the exam table. Measures of oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production will be collected continuously for 30 minutes and the RMR will be calculated using the Weir equation.

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, 6mo, 18mo

Used to evaluate time spent in sedentary behavior, light, and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). An activPAL™ accelerometer (PAL Technologies, Glasgow, Scotland) is worn for 7-days at each of the three assessment visits: baseline, 6-months and 18-months. The monitor uses accelerometer-derived information about thigh position to estimate time spent in different body positions: lying or sitting = sedentary; standing still; and stepping = light and MVPA. Data is downloaded at the end of each 7-day period and cleaned and summarized for statistical analyses. The proprietary algorithm in the activPAL software is used to generate estimates of (a) Total Daily Energy Expenditure (TDEE); (b) sedentary time during the day, (c) number of breaks in sedentary time, (d) minutes spent in light activity, and (e) number of minutes spent in MVPA.

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, 6mo

Used to determine the relationship between dynamic food variables, physical activity variables, and long-term weight loss. Prior to the start of the intervention and following the initial intervention period, participants complete week-long daily assessments. The following are the different scales and questions asked of participants: 1) Affective Valence from the Feelings Scale (scored 0 - 10 where 0 = very bad and 10 = very good). 2) Six items from the exercise-induced feelings inventory, each on a 0 ="do not feel" to 10="feel very strongly" score. Calm, peaceful, and relaxed are then averaged for a "tranquility" subscale; "fatigued, "tired" and "worn-out" are averaged for a physical exhaustion subscale. 3) Hunger was queried by "How hungry are you right now?" where 0 = not at all hungry, and 10 = very hungry. 4) An individual's craving for food was queried by "How much do you crave eating your favorite food or snack right now?" where 0 = "do not feel" and 10 = "feel very strongly".

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, 6mo, 18mo

Test is completed at a quick pace (without running) that the participant can maintain over the flat, 400 meter course. Timing begins when the participant takes his/her first step. Timing ends when the participant's whole foot crosses the line at the end of the 10th lap or the participant requests to stop. Recorded is the distance completed and time walked in minutes and seconds.

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, 6mo, 18mo

Used to determine the number of calories burned while walking at 2.0 mph on a treadmill with zero grade. Heart rate (HR) is measured continuously using a heart rate monitoring watch and will be recorded every minute. Blood pressure (BP) is monitored and recorded every minute. The test is terminated when the (HR) remains at a steady state (is within 5 beats per minute of the HR from the previous minute). The time to achieve steady state heart rate, the respiratory rate, minute ventilation, breathing reserve, VO2, VCO2, respiratory exchange ratio, MET level, HR, VO2/HR, Kcal/min, and the BP at steady state are recorded.

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, 6mo, 18mo

A visceral fat measurement is obtained through a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) whole body scan in a 5-cm wide region across the entire abdomen just above the iliac crest at a level approximate with the 4th lumbar vertebrae. Mass visceral fat is measured to the nearest gram and volume to the nearest centimeter.

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, 6mo, 18mo

Hip and spine BMD is measured using specific scans of the anterior-posterior spine Lumbar vertebrae 1-Lumbar vertebrae 4 (L1-L4) and proximal femur by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. BMD is recorded as a t-score with a lower score indicative of less bone density and increased risk for osteoporosis.

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, 6mo, 18mo

An 8-hour fasting venous blood sample is collected to measure cardiometabolic changes lipoprotein lipids, C-reactive protein, HbA1c, glucose and insulin.

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, 6mo, 18mo

Scale used to test how satisfied participants are with their physical fitness, functional ability, and physical appearance. Participants rate their level of satisfaction on a 7-point scale from very dissatisfied to very satisfied. Average all items to create a score ranging from -3 to 3. Higher values represent greater satisfaction with physical function and importance.

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

Adverse Events

Weight Loss + Exercise + Sitless

Serious events: 8 serious events
Other events: 39 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Weight Loss + Sitless

Serious events: 7 serious events
Other events: 26 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Weight Loss + Exercise

Serious events: 4 serious events
Other events: 25 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Serious adverse events
Measure
Weight Loss + Exercise + Sitless
n=60 participants at risk
Weight loss: All participants will undergo a dietary WL intervention designed to elicit behavioral changes leading to decreased caloric intake sufficient to yield a \~10% loss of initial body mass. The WL intervention includes nutrition education, state-of-the-art behavioral methods for promoting WL, and strategies that optimize self-regulation. Exercise: Perform structured aerobic exercise (mostly treadmill walking) of moderate-intensity for 4-5 days/week, progressing to a duration of 200 min/week. Participants will attend center-based sessions for at least 3 days/week during the first intensive 6-month phase and at least one day/week during the second 3-month transition phase (months 7-9), with recording of home-based exercise for the other 2-4 days/week. Sitless: Encouraged and taught to reduce sedentary behavior (SB) during waking hours. The SitLess treatment targets increases in postural shifts and light, spontaneous physical activity (SPA) (MET level \<3).
Weight Loss + Sitless
n=63 participants at risk
Weight loss: All participants will undergo a dietary WL intervention designed to elicit behavioral changes leading to decreased caloric intake sufficient to yield a \~10% loss of initial body mass. The WL intervention includes nutrition education, state-of-the-art behavioral methods for promoting WL, and strategies that optimize self-regulation. Sitless: Encouraged and taught to reduce sedentary behavior (SB) during waking hours. The SitLess treatment targets increases in postural shifts and light, spontaneous physical activity (SPA) (MET level \<3).
Weight Loss + Exercise
n=60 participants at risk
Weight loss: All participants will undergo a dietary WL intervention designed to elicit behavioral changes leading to decreased caloric intake sufficient to yield a \~10% loss of initial body mass. The WL intervention includes nutrition education, state-of-the-art behavioral methods for promoting WL, and strategies that optimize self-regulation. Exercise: Perform structured aerobic exercise (mostly treadmill walking) of moderate-intensity for 4-5 days/week, progressing to a duration of 200 min/week. Participants will attend center-based sessions for at least 3 days/week during the first intensive 6-month phase and at least one day/week during the second 3-month transition phase (months 7-9), with recording of home-based exercise for the other 2-4 days/week.
Cardiac disorders
Atrial Fibrillation
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Cardiac disorders
Chest Pain
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
Cardiac disorders
Myocardial Infarction
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
1.6%
1/63 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Cardiac disorders
Pericarditis
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
Cardiac disorders
Takatsubu cardiomyopathy
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
Gastrointestinal disorders
Gastritis
3.3%
2/60 • Number of events 2 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
fall
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
1.6%
1/63 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
Complication of laparoscopic banding
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)
Lung Cancer
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
Nervous system disorders
Post Viral Neuropathy
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Pulmonary Embolism
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Surgical and medical procedures
Coronary artery bypass graft
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
1.6%
1/63 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Surgical and medical procedures
Gastric sleeve procedure
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Surgical and medical procedures
Knee replacement
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
1.6%
1/63 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Surgical and medical procedures
Hysterectomy
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
1.6%
1/63 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Nervous system disorders
Brain aneurysm
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)
Adrenal benign mass
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
1.6%
1/63 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18

Other adverse events

Other adverse events
Measure
Weight Loss + Exercise + Sitless
n=60 participants at risk
Weight loss: All participants will undergo a dietary WL intervention designed to elicit behavioral changes leading to decreased caloric intake sufficient to yield a \~10% loss of initial body mass. The WL intervention includes nutrition education, state-of-the-art behavioral methods for promoting WL, and strategies that optimize self-regulation. Exercise: Perform structured aerobic exercise (mostly treadmill walking) of moderate-intensity for 4-5 days/week, progressing to a duration of 200 min/week. Participants will attend center-based sessions for at least 3 days/week during the first intensive 6-month phase and at least one day/week during the second 3-month transition phase (months 7-9), with recording of home-based exercise for the other 2-4 days/week. Sitless: Encouraged and taught to reduce sedentary behavior (SB) during waking hours. The SitLess treatment targets increases in postural shifts and light, spontaneous physical activity (SPA) (MET level \<3).
Weight Loss + Sitless
n=63 participants at risk
Weight loss: All participants will undergo a dietary WL intervention designed to elicit behavioral changes leading to decreased caloric intake sufficient to yield a \~10% loss of initial body mass. The WL intervention includes nutrition education, state-of-the-art behavioral methods for promoting WL, and strategies that optimize self-regulation. Sitless: Encouraged and taught to reduce sedentary behavior (SB) during waking hours. The SitLess treatment targets increases in postural shifts and light, spontaneous physical activity (SPA) (MET level \<3).
Weight Loss + Exercise
n=60 participants at risk
Weight loss: All participants will undergo a dietary WL intervention designed to elicit behavioral changes leading to decreased caloric intake sufficient to yield a \~10% loss of initial body mass. The WL intervention includes nutrition education, state-of-the-art behavioral methods for promoting WL, and strategies that optimize self-regulation. Exercise: Perform structured aerobic exercise (mostly treadmill walking) of moderate-intensity for 4-5 days/week, progressing to a duration of 200 min/week. Participants will attend center-based sessions for at least 3 days/week during the first intensive 6-month phase and at least one day/week during the second 3-month transition phase (months 7-9), with recording of home-based exercise for the other 2-4 days/week.
Cardiac disorders
Atrial Fibrillation
3.3%
2/60 • Number of events 2 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Cardiac disorders
Chest Pain
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
Cardiac disorders
Myocardial Infarction
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
1.6%
1/63 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
Cardiac disorders
hypertension
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
Cardiac disorders
Aneurysm
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
Cardiac disorders
Pericarditis
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
Cardiac disorders
Pericardial effusion
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
Cardiac disorders
Takatsubu cardiomyopathy
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
Cardiac disorders
Cardiac Arrest
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
Back Pain
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
Arthralgia
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
1.6%
1/63 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
6.7%
4/60 • Number of events 4 • Baseline through month 18
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
Pain in extremity
3.3%
2/60 • Number of events 2 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 2 • Baseline through month 18
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
Arthritis
3.3%
2/60 • Number of events 2 • Baseline through month 18
1.6%
1/63 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
Bone Pain
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
Muscle weakness lower limb
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
Myalgia
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
Capsulitis
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
Muscle Strain
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
Achilles tendonitis
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
Knee sprain
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
1.6%
1/63 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
Plantar Fasciitis
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
1.6%
1/63 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
Ankle Sprain
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
Hip Pain
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
Gout
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
1.6%
1/63 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
TMJ pain
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
Gastrointestinal disorders
Nausea
6.7%
4/60 • Number of events 4 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Gastrointestinal disorders
Abdominal Pain
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
1.6%
1/63 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Gastrointestinal disorders
Esophageal Pain
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
1.6%
1/63 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
Dental Crown Replacement
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
1.6%
1/63 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Gastrointestinal disorders
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
1.6%
1/63 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Gastrointestinal disorders
Ulcerative colitis
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
1.6%
1/63 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Gastrointestinal disorders
Gastritis
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Gastrointestinal disorders
Small intestinal obstruction
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Gastrointestinal disorders
Hemorrhoids
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Infections and infestations
Upper respiratory infection
3.3%
2/60 • Number of events 3 • Baseline through month 18
3.2%
2/63 • Number of events 2 • Baseline through month 18
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
Infections and infestations
Bronchial infection
8.3%
5/60 • Number of events 6 • Baseline through month 18
3.2%
2/63 • Number of events 2 • Baseline through month 18
3.3%
2/60 • Number of events 2 • Baseline through month 18
Infections and infestations
Influenza
6.7%
4/60 • Number of events 4 • Baseline through month 18
1.6%
1/63 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
5.0%
3/60 • Number of events 3 • Baseline through month 18
Infections and infestations
Sinusitis
3.3%
2/60 • Number of events 2 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
3.3%
2/60 • Number of events 3 • Baseline through month 18
Gastrointestinal disorders
Gastroenteritis
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
3.2%
2/63 • Number of events 2 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Infections and infestations
Lung infection
3.3%
2/60 • Number of events 2 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Infections and infestations
Nail infection
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
1.6%
1/63 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Infections and infestations
Bacterial gastroenteritis
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Infections and infestations
Herpes zoster
3.3%
2/60 • Number of events 2 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Infections and infestations
Skin infection
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
1.6%
1/63 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Infections and infestations
Tooth infection
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
1.6%
1/63 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Infections and infestations
Vaginal infection (fungal)
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Infections and infestations
Viral infection
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Infections and infestations
Prostate infection
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
Infections and infestations
Lyme disease
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
Fall
3.3%
2/60 • Number of events 2 • Baseline through month 18
4.8%
3/63 • Number of events 5 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
Fracture
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
1.6%
1/63 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
fracture
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
1.6%
1/63 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
Ankle sprain
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
Foot injury
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
Complication of laparoscopic banding
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
Car/Motor vehicle accident
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
1.6%
1/63 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
Vaccine reaction
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
Medication Side Effect
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
Concussion
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
1.6%
1/63 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)
Bladder cancer
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)
Lung cancer
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)
Retro-peritoneal mass
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)
Uterine cancer
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
1.6%
1/63 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)
Basal cell skin cancer
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Nervous system disorders
Headache
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
Nervous system disorders
Presyncope
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 2 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Nervous system disorders
Dizziness
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
3.3%
2/60 • Number of events 2 • Baseline through month 18
Nervous system disorders
Neuralgia
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
Nervous system disorders
Paresthesia
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Nervous system disorders
Radiculitis
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
Nervous system disorders
Vasovagal reaction
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 2 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Nervous system disorders
Multiple sclerosis
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Nervous system disorders
Stenosis of branch of left middle cerebral
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Nervous system disorders
Parkinson's disease
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
Nervous system disorders
Light headed
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
Nervous system disorders
Post viral neuropathy
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Bronchial obstruction
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
1.6%
1/63 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Cough
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Allergic rhinitis
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Dyspnea
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Pulmonary embolism
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
Erythroderma
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
1.6%
1/63 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
Contact dermatitis
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
1.6%
1/63 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
Cyst
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
1.6%
1/63 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Ear and labyrinth disorders
Vertigo
3.3%
2/60 • Number of events 2 • Baseline through month 18
3.2%
2/63 • Number of events 2 • Baseline through month 18
3.3%
2/60 • Number of events 2 • Baseline through month 18
Ear and labyrinth disorders
Middle ear inflammation
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Ear and labyrinth disorders
Eustachian tube infection
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
1.6%
1/63 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Ear and labyrinth disorders
Hearing impaired
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
Eye disorders
cataracts
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Eye disorders
Conjunctivitis
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Ear and labyrinth disorders
retinal vascular disorder
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Renal and urinary disorders
Hematuria
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Renal and urinary disorders
Renal calculi
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
1.6%
1/63 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Surgical and medical procedures
Hip replacement
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
Surgical and medical procedures
Bilateral blepharoplasty
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
1.6%
1/63 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Surgical and medical procedures
Carpal tunnel surgery
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
1.6%
1/63 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Surgical and medical procedures
Cataract surgery
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
1.6%
1/63 • Number of events 2 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Surgical and medical procedures
Coronary artery bypass graft
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
1.6%
1/63 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Surgical and medical procedures
Epidural injection
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
Surgical and medical procedures
Excision of skin cancers
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Surgical and medical procedures
Gastric sleeve procedure
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Surgical and medical procedures
Joint injection
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
Surgical and medical procedures
Saphenous vein ablation
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
Surgical and medical procedures
Phlebotomy
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
Surgical and medical procedures
Knee replacement
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
3.2%
2/63 • Number of events 2 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Surgical and medical procedures
Hernia repair
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Surgical and medical procedures
Achilles tendon repair
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Surgical and medical procedures
Removal of ingrown toe nail
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Surgical and medical procedures
Hysterectomy
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
1.6%
1/63 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
General disorders
Dehydration
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
Nervous system disorders
Brain aneurysm
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
General disorders
Fatigue
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
General disorders
Fever
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
Gastrointestinal disorders
Gallbladder pain
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
Immune system disorders
allergic reaction
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/63 • Baseline through month 18
1.7%
1/60 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)
Adrenal benign mass
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18
1.6%
1/63 • Number of events 1 • Baseline through month 18
0.00%
0/60 • Baseline through month 18

Additional Information

Barbara Nicklas, MD

Wake Forest School of Medicine

Phone: 336-713-8569

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
  • Publication restrictions are in place