Trial Outcomes & Findings for Probiotics for Quality of Life in Autism Spectrum Disorders (NCT NCT02903030)

NCT ID: NCT02903030

Last Updated: 2020-02-05

Results Overview

A 74-item survey with 14 scales. Report forms for specific age ranges assess the parent's perception of the child's GI function and/or symptoms during the last month on a 5-point scale from 0 (never a problem) to 4 (almost always a problem). Items are reverse-scored and transformed to a 0-100 scale so lower scores reflect worse GI dysfunction. Response choices are in Likert-scale format ranging from 0 to 4 (0=Never, 1=Almost Never, 2=Sometimes, 3=Often, 4=Almost Always).

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

EARLY_PHASE1

Target enrollment

13 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

Baseline and Week 8 of Both the First and Second Intervention

Results posted on

2020-02-05

Participant Flow

13 participants were screened and randomized to be in the study at the OSU Wexner Medical Center, Nisonger Center in 2016.

13 patients were randomized to order, but 3 dropped out because of distance and transportation without providing any follow-up data, leaving 10 who progressed through to study completion. (77% retention rate)

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
Visbiome, Then Placebo
Children aged 3-12 years with ASD, GI symptoms, and anxiety were randomly assigned 1:1 to probiotic Visbiome for 8 weeks, followed by a 3-week washout and an 8 week crossover treatment (19 weeks total). The probiotic mix (VISBIOME) will be mainly Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli, in view of the previously reported encouraging clinical studies and safety data. Visbiome Extra Strength: It is a mix of 8 strains of beneficial bacteria that should improve gut flora, improving GI function and hopefully anxiety
Placebo, Then Visbiome
Children aged 3-12 years with ASD, GI symptoms, and anxiety were randomly assigned 1:1 to placebo for 8 weeks, followed by a 3-week washout and an 8 week crossover treatment (19 weeks total). Placebo matched to probiotic. Maltose (placebo): Maltose with a trace amount of silicon dioxide
First Intervention (8 Weeks)
STARTED
8
5
First Intervention (8 Weeks)
Received Intervention
6
4
First Intervention (8 Weeks)
COMPLETED
6
4
First Intervention (8 Weeks)
NOT COMPLETED
2
1
Washout (3 Weeks)
STARTED
6
4
Washout (3 Weeks)
COMPLETED
6
4
Washout (3 Weeks)
NOT COMPLETED
0
0
Second Intervention (8 Weeks)
STARTED
6
4
Second Intervention (8 Weeks)
COMPLETED
6
4
Second Intervention (8 Weeks)
NOT COMPLETED
0
0

Reasons for withdrawal

Reasons for withdrawal
Measure
Visbiome, Then Placebo
Children aged 3-12 years with ASD, GI symptoms, and anxiety were randomly assigned 1:1 to probiotic Visbiome for 8 weeks, followed by a 3-week washout and an 8 week crossover treatment (19 weeks total). The probiotic mix (VISBIOME) will be mainly Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli, in view of the previously reported encouraging clinical studies and safety data. Visbiome Extra Strength: It is a mix of 8 strains of beneficial bacteria that should improve gut flora, improving GI function and hopefully anxiety
Placebo, Then Visbiome
Children aged 3-12 years with ASD, GI symptoms, and anxiety were randomly assigned 1:1 to placebo for 8 weeks, followed by a 3-week washout and an 8 week crossover treatment (19 weeks total). Placebo matched to probiotic. Maltose (placebo): Maltose with a trace amount of silicon dioxide
First Intervention (8 Weeks)
Withdrawal by Subject
2
1

Baseline Characteristics

Probiotics for Quality of Life in Autism Spectrum Disorders

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
Visbiome, Then Placebo
n=6 Participants
Participants were randomly assigned 1:1 to Visbiome probiotic for 8 weeks, followed by a 3-week washout and an 8 week crossover treatment. (19 weeks total) Starting dose: the first 4 weeks, was a half packet twice daily mixed with food. At 4 week and 15-week visit, there was an option to increase to a full packet twice daily if no effect was noted. The probiotic mix (VISBIOME) will be mainly Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli, in view of the previously reported encouraging clinical studies and safety data. Visbiome Extra Strength: It is a mix of 8 strains of beneficial bacteria that should improve gut flora, improving GI function and hopefully anxiety
Placebo, the Visbiome
n=4 Participants
Particiapants were randomly assigned 1:1 to placebo for 8 weeks, followed by a 3-week washout and an 8 week crossover treatment. (19 weeks total) Starting dose: the first 4 weeks of the probiotic treatment was a half packet twice daily mixed with food. At 4 week and 15-week visit, there was an option to increase to a full packet twice daily if no effect was noted. Placebo matched to probiotic. Maltose (placebo): Maltose with a trace amount of silicon dioxide
Total
n=10 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
Age, Categorical
<=18 years
6 Participants
n=5 Participants
4 Participants
n=7 Participants
10 Participants
n=5 Participants
Age, Categorical
Between 18 and 65 years
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Age, Categorical
>=65 years
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
3 Participants
n=7 Participants
4 Participants
n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
5 Participants
n=5 Participants
1 Participants
n=7 Participants
6 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
2 Participants
n=5 Participants
3 Participants
n=7 Participants
5 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
2 Participants
n=5 Participants
1 Participants
n=7 Participants
3 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
2 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
2 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Region of Enrollment
United States
6 participants
n=5 Participants
4 participants
n=7 Participants
10 participants
n=5 Participants
Gastrointestinal Module of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL)
66.73 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 20.193 • n=5 Participants
59.60 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 17.214 • n=7 Participants
63.17 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 18.76 • n=5 Participants
Parent-Rated Anxiety Scale for ASD (PRAS-ASD)
40.00 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 15.582 • n=5 Participants
41.25 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.012 • n=7 Participants
40.63 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 18.52 • n=5 Participants
Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC)
(1) irritability
18.50 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.661 • n=5 Participants
25.00 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.801 • n=7 Participants
21.75 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 16.64 • n=5 Participants
Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC)
(2) lethargy
18.83 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.336 • n=5 Participants
21.25 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.598 • n=7 Participants
20.04 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 18.35 • n=5 Participants
Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC)
(3) stereotypy
9.33 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.803 • n=5 Participants
10.00 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.287 • n=7 Participants
9.67 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.57 • n=5 Participants
Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC)
(4) hyperactivity
22.67 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.639 • n=5 Participants
35.00 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.132 • n=7 Participants
28.83 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 15.43 • n=5 Participants
Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC)
inappropriate speech
5.33 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.327 • n=5 Participants
8.25 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.500 • n=7 Participants
6.79 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.60 • n=5 Participants
Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS)
82.17 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.859 • n=5 Participants
87.00 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.761 • n=7 Participants
84.585 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.189 • n=5 Participants
Abbreviated Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ)
43.50 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.02 • n=5 Participants
59.75 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.00 • n=7 Participants
51.63 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 15.27 • n=5 Participants
Parenting Stress Index Short Form (PSI)
108.17 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 20.731 • n=5 Participants
129.50 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 17.767 • n=7 Participants
118.84 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 27.303 • n=5 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8 of Both the First and Second Intervention

A 74-item survey with 14 scales. Report forms for specific age ranges assess the parent's perception of the child's GI function and/or symptoms during the last month on a 5-point scale from 0 (never a problem) to 4 (almost always a problem). Items are reverse-scored and transformed to a 0-100 scale so lower scores reflect worse GI dysfunction. Response choices are in Likert-scale format ranging from 0 to 4 (0=Never, 1=Almost Never, 2=Sometimes, 3=Often, 4=Almost Always).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Visbiome
n=10 Participants
Randomly assigned 1:1 probiotic for 8 weeks, followed by a 3-week washout and an 8 week crossover treatment. (19 weeks total) Starting dose, the first 4 weeks, was a half packet twice daily mixed with food. At 4 week and 15-week visit, there was an option to increase to a full packet twice daily if no effect was noted. The probiotic mix (VISBIOME) will be mainly Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli, in view of the previously reported encouraging clinical studies and safety data. Visbiome Extra Strength: It is a mix of 8 strains of beneficial bacteria that should improve gut flora, improving GI function and hopefully anxiety
Placebo
n=10 Participants
Randomly assigned 1:1 placebo for 8 weeks, followed by a 3-week washout and an 8 week crossover treatment. (19 weeks total) Starting dose, the first 4 weeks, was a half packet twice daily mixed with food. At 4 week and 15-week visit, there was an option to increase to a full packet twice daily if no effect was noted. Placebo matched to probiotic. Maltose (placebo): Maltose with a trace amount of silicon dioxide
Change in Gastrointestinal (GI) Module of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) at From Baseline at Week 8
17.97 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 14.105
7.98 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 11.247

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8 of Both the First and Second Intervention

Parents are asked to name the 2 problems of most concern to them at baseline; a clinician helps the parent quantify and describe the problem (frequency, duration, severity, interference with daily life) at baseline. At subsequent visits the clinician reminds the parent of the previous description and helps them again quantify/describe the current state. A panel of blind clinicians reviews the descriptions and rates each on a 9-point scale relative to baseline, from remission (0) to disastrously worse (9), with 5=no change. These ratings are averaged, capturing the issues of most concern to parents across families. For purposes of this study, one of the 2 problems will be required to pertain to GI function, and will be analyzed separately as well as being averaged into the overall symptom rating.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Visbiome
n=10 Participants
Randomly assigned 1:1 probiotic for 8 weeks, followed by a 3-week washout and an 8 week crossover treatment. (19 weeks total) Starting dose, the first 4 weeks, was a half packet twice daily mixed with food. At 4 week and 15-week visit, there was an option to increase to a full packet twice daily if no effect was noted. The probiotic mix (VISBIOME) will be mainly Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli, in view of the previously reported encouraging clinical studies and safety data. Visbiome Extra Strength: It is a mix of 8 strains of beneficial bacteria that should improve gut flora, improving GI function and hopefully anxiety
Placebo
n=10 Participants
Randomly assigned 1:1 placebo for 8 weeks, followed by a 3-week washout and an 8 week crossover treatment. (19 weeks total) Starting dose, the first 4 weeks, was a half packet twice daily mixed with food. At 4 week and 15-week visit, there was an option to increase to a full packet twice daily if no effect was noted. Placebo matched to probiotic. Maltose (placebo): Maltose with a trace amount of silicon dioxide
Change in Target Symptom Rating From Baseline at Week 8
-2.10 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.647
-0.60 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.370

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8 of Both the First and Second Intervention

A 25-item single-factor scale measure of emotional stability/anxiety. Higher scores are worse for PRAS-ASD subscale, hence a negative estimate means more improvement with the probiotics compared to control. Scores range from 0-75.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Visbiome
n=10 Participants
Randomly assigned 1:1 probiotic for 8 weeks, followed by a 3-week washout and an 8 week crossover treatment. (19 weeks total) Starting dose, the first 4 weeks, was a half packet twice daily mixed with food. At 4 week and 15-week visit, there was an option to increase to a full packet twice daily if no effect was noted. The probiotic mix (VISBIOME) will be mainly Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli, in view of the previously reported encouraging clinical studies and safety data. Visbiome Extra Strength: It is a mix of 8 strains of beneficial bacteria that should improve gut flora, improving GI function and hopefully anxiety
Placebo
n=10 Participants
Randomly assigned 1:1 placebo for 8 weeks, followed by a 3-week washout and an 8 week crossover treatment. (19 weeks total) Starting dose, the first 4 weeks, was a half packet twice daily mixed with food. At 4 week and 15-week visit, there was an option to increase to a full packet twice daily if no effect was noted. Placebo matched to probiotic. Maltose (placebo): Maltose with a trace amount of silicon dioxide
Change in Parent Anxiety Checklist--ASD From Baseline at Week 8
-6.20 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 10.830
-4.10 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 11.259

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8 of Both the First and Second Intervention

The ABC is a 58-item parent rating on a 0-3 scale with five subscales: * Irritability (includes agitation, aggression, and self-injury, 15 items) with range of scores from 0-45 * Social Withdrawal (16 items) with range of scores from 0-48 * Stereotypies (7 items) with range of scores from 0-21 * Hyperactivity (16 items) with range of scores from 0-48 * Inappropriate Speech (4 items) with range of scores from 0-12. Higher scores are worse for the ABC subscale, hence a negative estimate means more improvement with the probiotics compared to control.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Visbiome
n=10 Participants
Randomly assigned 1:1 probiotic for 8 weeks, followed by a 3-week washout and an 8 week crossover treatment. (19 weeks total) Starting dose, the first 4 weeks, was a half packet twice daily mixed with food. At 4 week and 15-week visit, there was an option to increase to a full packet twice daily if no effect was noted. The probiotic mix (VISBIOME) will be mainly Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli, in view of the previously reported encouraging clinical studies and safety data. Visbiome Extra Strength: It is a mix of 8 strains of beneficial bacteria that should improve gut flora, improving GI function and hopefully anxiety
Placebo
n=10 Participants
Randomly assigned 1:1 placebo for 8 weeks, followed by a 3-week washout and an 8 week crossover treatment. (19 weeks total) Starting dose, the first 4 weeks, was a half packet twice daily mixed with food. At 4 week and 15-week visit, there was an option to increase to a full packet twice daily if no effect was noted. Placebo matched to probiotic. Maltose (placebo): Maltose with a trace amount of silicon dioxide
Change in The Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) From Baseline at Week 8
ABC (4) Hyperactivity
-2.10 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.385
-5.40 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.851
Change in The Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) From Baseline at Week 8
ABC (1) Irritability
-1.80 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.245
-3.50 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.622
Change in The Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) From Baseline at Week 8
ABC (2) Lethargy
-2.60 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 8.140
-2.50 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.327
Change in The Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) From Baseline at Week 8
ABC (3) Stereotypy
-1.20 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.367
-1.80 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.521
Change in The Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) From Baseline at Week 8
ABC (5) Inappropriate Speech
-0.40 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.011
-0.10 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.370

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8 of Both the First and Second Intervention

This 65-item rating scale measures the severity of autism spectrum symptoms as they occur in natural social settings. The SRS provides a clear picture of a child's social impairments, assessing social awareness, social information processing, capacity for reciprocal social communication, social anxiety/avoidance, and autistic preoccupations and traits. It is appropriate for use with children from 4 to 18 years of age and will detect changes in core ASD symptoms. A higher score in this scale represents worse symptoms with raw scores summed and generated t-scores ranging from 0-110.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Visbiome
n=10 Participants
Randomly assigned 1:1 probiotic for 8 weeks, followed by a 3-week washout and an 8 week crossover treatment. (19 weeks total) Starting dose, the first 4 weeks, was a half packet twice daily mixed with food. At 4 week and 15-week visit, there was an option to increase to a full packet twice daily if no effect was noted. The probiotic mix (VISBIOME) will be mainly Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli, in view of the previously reported encouraging clinical studies and safety data. Visbiome Extra Strength: It is a mix of 8 strains of beneficial bacteria that should improve gut flora, improving GI function and hopefully anxiety
Placebo
n=10 Participants
Randomly assigned 1:1 placebo for 8 weeks, followed by a 3-week washout and an 8 week crossover treatment. (19 weeks total) Starting dose, the first 4 weeks, was a half packet twice daily mixed with food. At 4 week and 15-week visit, there was an option to increase to a full packet twice daily if no effect was noted. Placebo matched to probiotic. Maltose (placebo): Maltose with a trace amount of silicon dioxide
Change in Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) From Baseline at Week 8
-4.70 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.255
-1.70 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.187

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Week 8 of Both the First and Second Intervention

It includes 33 items rated retrospectively over the previous week by parents yielding a total score and eight subscales. Eight subscales include: (1) bedtime resistance (2) sleep onset latency, (3) sleep duration, (4) anxiety around sleep, (5) night awakenings, (6) sleep disordered breathing, (7) parasomnias and (8) morning waking/daytime sleepiness.Total score (summed) range of 0-99. A higher score is a better outcome for this measure.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Visbiome
n=10 Participants
Randomly assigned 1:1 probiotic for 8 weeks, followed by a 3-week washout and an 8 week crossover treatment. (19 weeks total) Starting dose, the first 4 weeks, was a half packet twice daily mixed with food. At 4 week and 15-week visit, there was an option to increase to a full packet twice daily if no effect was noted. The probiotic mix (VISBIOME) will be mainly Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli, in view of the previously reported encouraging clinical studies and safety data. Visbiome Extra Strength: It is a mix of 8 strains of beneficial bacteria that should improve gut flora, improving GI function and hopefully anxiety
Placebo
n=10 Participants
Randomly assigned 1:1 placebo for 8 weeks, followed by a 3-week washout and an 8 week crossover treatment. (19 weeks total) Starting dose, the first 4 weeks, was a half packet twice daily mixed with food. At 4 week and 15-week visit, there was an option to increase to a full packet twice daily if no effect was noted. Placebo matched to probiotic. Maltose (placebo): Maltose with a trace amount of silicon dioxide
Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) at Week 8
42.80 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 7.510
43.44 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 7.502

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8 of Both the First and Second Intervention

The PSI is used to evaluate the degree of stress in the parent-child relationship. The Short Form has 36 items from the full length PSI, rated on a 5-point scale from 1 = strongly disagree, to 5 = strongly agree. It is completed in 10-15 minutes. The PSI may be used for parents of children up to 12 years. It yields a Total Score and three domain scores. This will detect effect on parental stress and QOL. Higher scores (ranging from 0-180) are worse for PSI, hence a negative estimate means more improvement with the probiotics compared to control.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Visbiome
n=10 Participants
Randomly assigned 1:1 probiotic for 8 weeks, followed by a 3-week washout and an 8 week crossover treatment. (19 weeks total) Starting dose, the first 4 weeks, was a half packet twice daily mixed with food. At 4 week and 15-week visit, there was an option to increase to a full packet twice daily if no effect was noted. The probiotic mix (VISBIOME) will be mainly Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli, in view of the previously reported encouraging clinical studies and safety data. Visbiome Extra Strength: It is a mix of 8 strains of beneficial bacteria that should improve gut flora, improving GI function and hopefully anxiety
Placebo
n=10 Participants
Randomly assigned 1:1 placebo for 8 weeks, followed by a 3-week washout and an 8 week crossover treatment. (19 weeks total) Starting dose, the first 4 weeks, was a half packet twice daily mixed with food. At 4 week and 15-week visit, there was an option to increase to a full packet twice daily if no effect was noted. Placebo matched to probiotic. Maltose (placebo): Maltose with a trace amount of silicon dioxide
Change in The Parenting Stress Index Short Form (PSI)
-9.60 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 16.675
-1.70 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.187

Adverse Events

Visbiome

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 6 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Placebo

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 4 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Other adverse events
Measure
Visbiome
n=10 participants at risk
Randomly assigned 1:1 probiotic for 8 weeks, followed by a 3-week washout and an 8 week crossover treatment. (19 weeks total) Starting dose, the first 4 weeks, was a half packet twice daily mixed with food. At 4 week and 15-week visit, there was an option to increase to a full packet twice daily if no effect was noted. The probiotic mix (VISBIOME) will be mainly Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli, in view of the previously reported encouraging clinical studies and safety data. Visbiome Extra Strength: A mix of 8 strains of beneficial bacteria that should improve gut flora, improving GI function and hopefully anxiety
Placebo
n=10 participants at risk
Randomly assigned 1:1 placebo for 8 weeks, followed by a 3-week washout and an 8 week crossover treatment. (19 weeks total) Starting dose, the first 4 weeks, was a half packet twice daily mixed with food. At 4 week and 15-week visit, there was an option to increase to a full packet twice daily if no effect was noted. Placebo matched to probiotic. Maltose (placebo): Maltose with a trace amount of silicon dioxide
Gastrointestinal disorders
Gastrointestinal Disorders
60.0%
6/10 • Number of events 7 • After Baseline: 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 15 weeks, 19 weeks
Collected AE data from all participants of the study.
40.0%
4/10 • Number of events 9 • After Baseline: 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 15 weeks, 19 weeks
Collected AE data from all participants of the study.

Additional Information

Dr. L. Eugene Arnold, MD, MED. Professor Emeritus College of Medicine

Nisonger Center

Phone: 614-685-6701

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
  • Publication restrictions are in place