Trial Outcomes & Findings for Optimizing Tobacco Dependence Treatment in the Emergency Department (NCT NCT02896400)

NCT ID: NCT02896400

Last Updated: 2020-12-04

Results Overview

Abstinence self reported and verified by exhaled carbon monoxide

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

PHASE3

Target enrollment

1056 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

3 months

Results posted on

2020-12-04

Participant Flow

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
NRT+QL+Text
Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) patches and gum, 6 weeks supply Referral to CT Smokers Quitline (QL) Registration in SmokefreeText (Text) Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT): 6 weeks of nicotine replacement, patches and gum. First dose of each started in ED. Patches are 14mg or 21 mg. Gum is 2mg per piece. CT Smokers Quitline (QL): Faxed referral to the CT Smokers Quitline for the subject. QL will then call subject to offer phone based counseling. SmokefreeText (Text): Enrollment in a version of NCI's SmokefreeTxt, tailored for the study.
BNI+QL+Text
Brief Negotiated Interview (BNI) Referral to CT Smokers Quitline (QL) Registration in SmokefreeText (Text) Brief Negotiated Interview (BNI): Brief motivational interview on smoking behavior CT Smokers Quitline (QL): Faxed referral to the CT Smokers Quitline for the subject. QL will then call subject to offer phone based counseling. SmokefreeText (Text): Enrollment in a version of NCI's SmokefreeTxt, tailored for the study.
BNI+NRT+QL+Text
Brief Negotiated Interview (BNI) Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) patches and gum, 6 weeks supply Referral to CT Smokers Quitline (QL) Registration in SmokefreeText (Text) Brief Negotiated Interview (BNI): Brief motivational interview on smoking behavior Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT): 6 weeks of nicotine replacement, patches and gum. First dose of each started in ED. Patches are 14mg or 21 mg. Gum is 2mg per piece. CT Smokers Quitline (QL): Faxed referral to the CT Smokers Quitline for the subject. QL will then call subject to offer phone based counseling. SmokefreeText (Text): Enrollment in a version of NCI's SmokefreeTxt, tailored for the study.
NRT+QL
Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) patches and gum, 6 weeks supply Referral to CT Smokers Quitline (QL) Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT): 6 weeks of nicotine replacement, patches and gum. First dose of each started in ED. Patches are 14mg or 21 mg. Gum is 2mg per piece. CT Smokers Quitline (QL): Faxed referral to the CT Smokers Quitline for the subject. QL will then call subject to offer phone based counseling.
BNI+QL
Brief Negotiated Interview (BNI) Referral to CT Smokers Quitline (QL) Brief Negotiated Interview (BNI): Brief motivational interview on smoking behavior CT Smokers Quitline (QL): Faxed referral to the CT Smokers Quitline for the subject. QL will then call subject to offer phone based counseling.
NRT Only
Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) patches and gum, 6 weeks supply Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT): 6 weeks of nicotine replacement, patches and gum. First dose of each started in ED. Patches are 14mg or 21 mg. Gum is 2mg per piece.
BNI+Text
Brief Negotiated Interview (BNI) Registration in SmokefreeText (Text) Brief Negotiated Interview (BNI): Brief motivational interview on smoking behavior SmokefreeText (Text): Enrollment in a version of NCI's SmokefreeTxt, tailored for the study.
BNI+NRT+Text
Brief Negotiated Interview (BNI) Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) patches and gum, 6 weeks supply Registration in SmokefreeText (Text) Brief Negotiated Interview (BNI): Brief motivational interview on smoking behavior Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT): 6 weeks of nicotine replacement, patches and gum. First dose of each started in ED. Patches are 14mg or 21 mg. Gum is 2mg per piece. SmokefreeText (Text): Enrollment in a version of NCI's SmokefreeTxt, tailored for the study.
NRT+Text
Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) patches and gum, 6 weeks supply Registration in SmokefreeText (Text) Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT): 6 weeks of nicotine replacement, patches and gum. First dose of each started in ED. Patches are 14mg or 21 mg. Gum is 2mg per piece. SmokefreeText (Text): Enrollment in a version of NCI's SmokefreeTxt, tailored for the study.
BNI+NRT
Brief Negotiated Interview (BNI) Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) patches and gum, 6 weeks supply Brief Negotiated Interview (BNI): Brief motivational interview on smoking behavior Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT): 6 weeks of nicotine replacement, patches and gum. First dose of each started in ED. Patches are 14mg or 21 mg. Gum is 2mg per piece.
Control
Control arm, no intervention
BNI+NRT+QL
Brief Negotiated Interview (BNI) Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) patches and gum, 6 weeks supply Referral to CT Smokers Quitline (QL) Brief Negotiated Interview (BNI): Brief motivational interview on smoking behavior Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT): 6 weeks of nicotine replacement, patches and gum. First dose of each started in ED. Patches are 14mg or 21 mg. Gum is 2mg per piece. CT Smokers Quitline (QL): Faxed referral to the CT Smokers Quitline for the subject. QL will then call subject to offer phone based counseling.
Text Only
Registration in SmokefreeText (Text) SmokefreeText (Text): Enrollment in a version of NCI's SmokefreeTxt, tailored for the study.
QL+Text
Referral to CT Smokers Quitline (QL) Registration in SmokefreeText (Text) CT Smokers Quitline (QL): Faxed referral to the CT Smokers Quitline for the subject. QL will then call subject to offer phone based counseling. SmokefreeText (Text): Enrollment in a version of NCI's SmokefreeTxt, tailored for the study.
BNI Only
Brief Negotiated Interview (BNI) Brief Negotiated Interview (BNI): Brief motivational interview on smoking behavior
QL Only
Referral to CT Smokers Quitline (QL) CT Smokers Quitline (QL): Faxed referral to the CT Smokers Quitline for the subject. QL will then call subject to offer phone based counseling.
Baseline
STARTED
66
66
66
66
66
66
66
66
66
66
66
66
66
66
66
66
Baseline
COMPLETED
66
66
66
66
66
66
66
66
66
66
66
66
66
66
66
66
Baseline
NOT COMPLETED
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1 Month Follow-up
STARTED
66
66
66
66
66
66
66
66
66
66
66
66
66
66
66
66
1 Month Follow-up
COMPLETED
59
59
61
58
57
60
61
60
62
59
61
61
63
62
65
63
1 Month Follow-up
NOT COMPLETED
7
7
5
8
9
6
5
6
4
7
5
5
3
4
1
3
3 Month Follow-up
STARTED
66
66
66
66
66
66
66
66
66
66
66
66
66
66
66
65
3 Month Follow-up
COMPLETED
60
63
60
55
54
60
62
63
60
61
60
60
63
60
62
63
3 Month Follow-up
NOT COMPLETED
6
3
6
11
12
6
4
3
6
5
6
6
3
6
4
2
Biochemical Verification at 3 Months
STARTED
60
63
60
55
54
60
62
63
60
61
60
60
63
60
62
63
Biochemical Verification at 3 Months
COMPLETED
14
15
13
14
9
11
11
14
15
8
5
19
10
12
7
6
Biochemical Verification at 3 Months
NOT COMPLETED
46
48
47
41
45
49
51
49
45
53
55
41
53
48
55
57

Reasons for withdrawal

Reasons for withdrawal
Measure
NRT+QL+Text
Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) patches and gum, 6 weeks supply Referral to CT Smokers Quitline (QL) Registration in SmokefreeText (Text) Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT): 6 weeks of nicotine replacement, patches and gum. First dose of each started in ED. Patches are 14mg or 21 mg. Gum is 2mg per piece. CT Smokers Quitline (QL): Faxed referral to the CT Smokers Quitline for the subject. QL will then call subject to offer phone based counseling. SmokefreeText (Text): Enrollment in a version of NCI's SmokefreeTxt, tailored for the study.
BNI+QL+Text
Brief Negotiated Interview (BNI) Referral to CT Smokers Quitline (QL) Registration in SmokefreeText (Text) Brief Negotiated Interview (BNI): Brief motivational interview on smoking behavior CT Smokers Quitline (QL): Faxed referral to the CT Smokers Quitline for the subject. QL will then call subject to offer phone based counseling. SmokefreeText (Text): Enrollment in a version of NCI's SmokefreeTxt, tailored for the study.
BNI+NRT+QL+Text
Brief Negotiated Interview (BNI) Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) patches and gum, 6 weeks supply Referral to CT Smokers Quitline (QL) Registration in SmokefreeText (Text) Brief Negotiated Interview (BNI): Brief motivational interview on smoking behavior Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT): 6 weeks of nicotine replacement, patches and gum. First dose of each started in ED. Patches are 14mg or 21 mg. Gum is 2mg per piece. CT Smokers Quitline (QL): Faxed referral to the CT Smokers Quitline for the subject. QL will then call subject to offer phone based counseling. SmokefreeText (Text): Enrollment in a version of NCI's SmokefreeTxt, tailored for the study.
NRT+QL
Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) patches and gum, 6 weeks supply Referral to CT Smokers Quitline (QL) Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT): 6 weeks of nicotine replacement, patches and gum. First dose of each started in ED. Patches are 14mg or 21 mg. Gum is 2mg per piece. CT Smokers Quitline (QL): Faxed referral to the CT Smokers Quitline for the subject. QL will then call subject to offer phone based counseling.
BNI+QL
Brief Negotiated Interview (BNI) Referral to CT Smokers Quitline (QL) Brief Negotiated Interview (BNI): Brief motivational interview on smoking behavior CT Smokers Quitline (QL): Faxed referral to the CT Smokers Quitline for the subject. QL will then call subject to offer phone based counseling.
NRT Only
Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) patches and gum, 6 weeks supply Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT): 6 weeks of nicotine replacement, patches and gum. First dose of each started in ED. Patches are 14mg or 21 mg. Gum is 2mg per piece.
BNI+Text
Brief Negotiated Interview (BNI) Registration in SmokefreeText (Text) Brief Negotiated Interview (BNI): Brief motivational interview on smoking behavior SmokefreeText (Text): Enrollment in a version of NCI's SmokefreeTxt, tailored for the study.
BNI+NRT+Text
Brief Negotiated Interview (BNI) Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) patches and gum, 6 weeks supply Registration in SmokefreeText (Text) Brief Negotiated Interview (BNI): Brief motivational interview on smoking behavior Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT): 6 weeks of nicotine replacement, patches and gum. First dose of each started in ED. Patches are 14mg or 21 mg. Gum is 2mg per piece. SmokefreeText (Text): Enrollment in a version of NCI's SmokefreeTxt, tailored for the study.
NRT+Text
Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) patches and gum, 6 weeks supply Registration in SmokefreeText (Text) Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT): 6 weeks of nicotine replacement, patches and gum. First dose of each started in ED. Patches are 14mg or 21 mg. Gum is 2mg per piece. SmokefreeText (Text): Enrollment in a version of NCI's SmokefreeTxt, tailored for the study.
BNI+NRT
Brief Negotiated Interview (BNI) Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) patches and gum, 6 weeks supply Brief Negotiated Interview (BNI): Brief motivational interview on smoking behavior Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT): 6 weeks of nicotine replacement, patches and gum. First dose of each started in ED. Patches are 14mg or 21 mg. Gum is 2mg per piece.
Control
Control arm, no intervention
BNI+NRT+QL
Brief Negotiated Interview (BNI) Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) patches and gum, 6 weeks supply Referral to CT Smokers Quitline (QL) Brief Negotiated Interview (BNI): Brief motivational interview on smoking behavior Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT): 6 weeks of nicotine replacement, patches and gum. First dose of each started in ED. Patches are 14mg or 21 mg. Gum is 2mg per piece. CT Smokers Quitline (QL): Faxed referral to the CT Smokers Quitline for the subject. QL will then call subject to offer phone based counseling.
Text Only
Registration in SmokefreeText (Text) SmokefreeText (Text): Enrollment in a version of NCI's SmokefreeTxt, tailored for the study.
QL+Text
Referral to CT Smokers Quitline (QL) Registration in SmokefreeText (Text) CT Smokers Quitline (QL): Faxed referral to the CT Smokers Quitline for the subject. QL will then call subject to offer phone based counseling. SmokefreeText (Text): Enrollment in a version of NCI's SmokefreeTxt, tailored for the study.
BNI Only
Brief Negotiated Interview (BNI) Brief Negotiated Interview (BNI): Brief motivational interview on smoking behavior
QL Only
Referral to CT Smokers Quitline (QL) CT Smokers Quitline (QL): Faxed referral to the CT Smokers Quitline for the subject. QL will then call subject to offer phone based counseling.
1 Month Follow-up
Lost to Follow-up
7
7
5
8
9
6
5
6
4
7
5
5
3
4
1
2
1 Month Follow-up
Death
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
3 Month Follow-up
Lost to Follow-up
6
3
6
11
12
6
4
3
6
5
6
6
3
5
3
2
3 Month Follow-up
Death
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
Biochemical Verification at 3 Months
Lost to Follow-up
1
0
1
1
0
1
3
2
1
1
0
0
1
0
3
1
Biochemical Verification at 3 Months
participant was not eligible for biochem
45
48
46
40
45
48
48
47
44
52
55
41
52
48
52
56

Baseline Characteristics

Optimizing Tobacco Dependence Treatment in the Emergency Department

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
NRT+QL+Text
n=66 Participants
Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) patches and gum, 6 weeks supply Referral to CT Smokers Quitline (QL) Registration in SmokefreeText (Text) Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT): 6 weeks of nicotine replacement, patches and gum. First dose of each started in ED. Patches are 14mg or 21 mg. Gum is 2mg per piece. CT Smokers Quitline (QL): Faxed referral to the CT Smokers Quitline for the subject. QL will then call subject to offer phone based counseling. SmokefreeText (Text): Enrollment in a version of NCI's SmokefreeTxt, tailored for the study.
BNI+QL+Text
n=66 Participants
Brief Negotiated Interview (BNI) Referral to CT Smokers Quitline (QL) Registration in SmokefreeText (Text) Brief Negotiated Interview (BNI): Brief motivational interview on smoking behavior CT Smokers Quitline (QL): Faxed referral to the CT Smokers Quitline for the subject. QL will then call subject to offer phone based counseling. SmokefreeText (Text): Enrollment in a version of NCI's SmokefreeTxt, tailored for the study.
BNI+NRT+QL+Text
n=66 Participants
Brief Negotiated Interview (BNI) Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) patches and gum, 6 weeks supply Referral to CT Smokers Quitline (QL) Registration in SmokefreeText (Text) Brief Negotiated Interview (BNI): Brief motivational interview on smoking behavior Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT): 6 weeks of nicotine replacement, patches and gum. First dose of each started in ED. Patches are 14mg or 21 mg. Gum is 2mg per piece. CT Smokers Quitline (QL): Faxed referral to the CT Smokers Quitline for the subject. QL will then call subject to offer phone based counseling. SmokefreeText (Text): Enrollment in a version of NCI's SmokefreeTxt, tailored for the study.
NRT+QL
n=66 Participants
Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) patches and gum, 6 weeks supply Referral to CT Smokers Quitline (QL) Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT): 6 weeks of nicotine replacement, patches and gum. First dose of each started in ED. Patches are 14mg or 21 mg. Gum is 2mg per piece. CT Smokers Quitline (QL): Faxed referral to the CT Smokers Quitline for the subject. QL will then call subject to offer phone based counseling.
BNI+QL
n=66 Participants
Brief Negotiated Interview (BNI) Referral to CT Smokers Quitline (QL) Brief Negotiated Interview (BNI): Brief motivational interview on smoking behavior CT Smokers Quitline (QL): Faxed referral to the CT Smokers Quitline for the subject. QL will then call subject to offer phone based counseling.
NRT Only
n=66 Participants
Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) patches and gum, 6 weeks supply Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT): 6 weeks of nicotine replacement, patches and gum. First dose of each started in ED. Patches are 14mg or 21 mg. Gum is 2mg per piece.
BNI+Text
n=66 Participants
Brief Negotiated Interview (BNI) Registration in SmokefreeText (Text) Brief Negotiated Interview (BNI): Brief motivational interview on smoking behavior SmokefreeText (Text): Enrollment in a version of NCI's SmokefreeTxt, tailored for the study.
BNI+NRT+Text
n=66 Participants
Brief Negotiated Interview (BNI) Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) patches and gum, 6 weeks supply Registration in SmokefreeText (Text) Brief Negotiated Interview (BNI): Brief motivational interview on smoking behavior Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT): 6 weeks of nicotine replacement, patches and gum. First dose of each started in ED. Patches are 14mg or 21 mg. Gum is 2mg per piece. SmokefreeText (Text): Enrollment in a version of NCI's SmokefreeTxt, tailored for the study.
NRT+Text
n=66 Participants
Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) patches and gum, 6 weeks supply Registration in SmokefreeText (Text) Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT): 6 weeks of nicotine replacement, patches and gum. First dose of each started in ED. Patches are 14mg or 21 mg. Gum is 2mg per piece. SmokefreeText (Text): Enrollment in a version of NCI's SmokefreeTxt, tailored for the study.
BNI+NRT
n=66 Participants
Brief Negotiated Interview (BNI) Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) patches and gum, 6 weeks supply Brief Negotiated Interview (BNI): Brief motivational interview on smoking behavior Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT): 6 weeks of nicotine replacement, patches and gum. First dose of each started in ED. Patches are 14mg or 21 mg. Gum is 2mg per piece.
Control
n=66 Participants
Control arm, no intervention
BNI+NRT+QL
n=66 Participants
Brief Negotiated Interview (BNI) Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) patches and gum, 6 weeks supply Referral to CT Smokers Quitline (QL) Brief Negotiated Interview (BNI): Brief motivational interview on smoking behavior Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT): 6 weeks of nicotine replacement, patches and gum. First dose of each started in ED. Patches are 14mg or 21 mg. Gum is 2mg per piece. CT Smokers Quitline (QL): Faxed referral to the CT Smokers Quitline for the subject. QL will then call subject to offer phone based counseling.
Text Only
n=66 Participants
Registration in SmokefreeText (Text) SmokefreeText (Text): Enrollment in a version of NCI's SmokefreeTxt, tailored for the study.
QL+Text
n=66 Participants
Referral to CT Smokers Quitline (QL) Registration in SmokefreeText (Text) CT Smokers Quitline (QL): Faxed referral to the CT Smokers Quitline for the subject. QL will then call subject to offer phone based counseling. SmokefreeText (Text): Enrollment in a version of NCI's SmokefreeTxt, tailored for the study.
BNI Only
n=66 Participants
Brief Negotiated Interview (BNI) Brief Negotiated Interview (BNI): Brief motivational interview on smoking behavior
QL Only
n=66 Participants
Referral to CT Smokers Quitline (QL) CT Smokers Quitline (QL): Faxed referral to the CT Smokers Quitline for the subject. QL will then call subject to offer phone based counseling.
Total
n=1056 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
Age, Continuous
46.86 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.72 • n=5 Participants
41.33 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.92 • n=7 Participants
44.36 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.75 • n=5 Participants
43.73 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.14 • n=4 Participants
40.56 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.97 • n=21 Participants
42.26 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.27 • n=8 Participants
42.64 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.42 • n=8 Participants
43.77 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.80 • n=24 Participants
43.67 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.60 • n=42 Participants
44.30 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.23 • n=42 Participants
43.65 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 14.00 • n=42 Participants
43.18 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.67 • n=42 Participants
44.33 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.23 • n=36 Participants
42.36 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.49 • n=36 Participants
41.86 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.42 • n=24 Participants
43.21 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.77 • n=135 Participants
43.26 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.12 • n=136 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
32 Participants
n=5 Participants
38 Participants
n=7 Participants
35 Participants
n=5 Participants
28 Participants
n=4 Participants
28 Participants
n=21 Participants
31 Participants
n=8 Participants
34 Participants
n=8 Participants
28 Participants
n=24 Participants
41 Participants
n=42 Participants
35 Participants
n=42 Participants
35 Participants
n=42 Participants
29 Participants
n=42 Participants
33 Participants
n=36 Participants
42 Participants
n=36 Participants
31 Participants
n=24 Participants
36 Participants
n=135 Participants
536 Participants
n=136 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
34 Participants
n=5 Participants
28 Participants
n=7 Participants
31 Participants
n=5 Participants
38 Participants
n=4 Participants
38 Participants
n=21 Participants
35 Participants
n=8 Participants
32 Participants
n=8 Participants
38 Participants
n=24 Participants
25 Participants
n=42 Participants
31 Participants
n=42 Participants
31 Participants
n=42 Participants
37 Participants
n=42 Participants
33 Participants
n=36 Participants
24 Participants
n=36 Participants
35 Participants
n=24 Participants
30 Participants
n=135 Participants
520 Participants
n=136 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Hispanic or Latino
14 Participants
n=5 Participants
15 Participants
n=7 Participants
7 Participants
n=5 Participants
22 Participants
n=4 Participants
15 Participants
n=21 Participants
9 Participants
n=8 Participants
19 Participants
n=8 Participants
10 Participants
n=24 Participants
14 Participants
n=42 Participants
23 Participants
n=42 Participants
13 Participants
n=42 Participants
14 Participants
n=42 Participants
13 Participants
n=36 Participants
19 Participants
n=36 Participants
14 Participants
n=24 Participants
10 Participants
n=135 Participants
231 Participants
n=136 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Not Hispanic or Latino
52 Participants
n=5 Participants
51 Participants
n=7 Participants
56 Participants
n=5 Participants
43 Participants
n=4 Participants
51 Participants
n=21 Participants
55 Participants
n=8 Participants
45 Participants
n=8 Participants
55 Participants
n=24 Participants
51 Participants
n=42 Participants
43 Participants
n=42 Participants
52 Participants
n=42 Participants
49 Participants
n=42 Participants
51 Participants
n=36 Participants
45 Participants
n=36 Participants
52 Participants
n=24 Participants
56 Participants
n=135 Participants
807 Participants
n=136 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
3 Participants
n=5 Participants
1 Participants
n=4 Participants
0 Participants
n=21 Participants
2 Participants
n=8 Participants
2 Participants
n=8 Participants
1 Participants
n=24 Participants
1 Participants
n=42 Participants
0 Participants
n=42 Participants
1 Participants
n=42 Participants
3 Participants
n=42 Participants
2 Participants
n=36 Participants
2 Participants
n=36 Participants
0 Participants
n=24 Participants
0 Participants
n=135 Participants
18 Participants
n=136 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
2 Participants
n=5 Participants
1 Participants
n=7 Participants
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
1 Participants
n=4 Participants
2 Participants
n=21 Participants
0 Participants
n=8 Participants
1 Participants
n=8 Participants
1 Participants
n=24 Participants
1 Participants
n=42 Participants
0 Participants
n=42 Participants
1 Participants
n=42 Participants
3 Participants
n=42 Participants
0 Participants
n=36 Participants
0 Participants
n=36 Participants
0 Participants
n=24 Participants
1 Participants
n=135 Participants
15 Participants
n=136 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
1 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
0 Participants
n=21 Participants
0 Participants
n=8 Participants
0 Participants
n=8 Participants
0 Participants
n=24 Participants
0 Participants
n=42 Participants
0 Participants
n=42 Participants
0 Participants
n=42 Participants
1 Participants
n=42 Participants
0 Participants
n=36 Participants
0 Participants
n=36 Participants
1 Participants
n=24 Participants
0 Participants
n=135 Participants
3 Participants
n=136 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
1 Participants
n=21 Participants
0 Participants
n=8 Participants
1 Participants
n=8 Participants
1 Participants
n=24 Participants
2 Participants
n=42 Participants
1 Participants
n=42 Participants
0 Participants
n=42 Participants
1 Participants
n=42 Participants
0 Participants
n=36 Participants
1 Participants
n=36 Participants
0 Participants
n=24 Participants
0 Participants
n=135 Participants
9 Participants
n=136 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
24 Participants
n=5 Participants
25 Participants
n=7 Participants
34 Participants
n=5 Participants
22 Participants
n=4 Participants
26 Participants
n=21 Participants
24 Participants
n=8 Participants
23 Participants
n=8 Participants
23 Participants
n=24 Participants
23 Participants
n=42 Participants
19 Participants
n=42 Participants
27 Participants
n=42 Participants
26 Participants
n=42 Participants
29 Participants
n=36 Participants
28 Participants
n=36 Participants
19 Participants
n=24 Participants
29 Participants
n=135 Participants
401 Participants
n=136 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
39 Participants
n=5 Participants
33 Participants
n=7 Participants
26 Participants
n=5 Participants
35 Participants
n=4 Participants
33 Participants
n=21 Participants
36 Participants
n=8 Participants
36 Participants
n=8 Participants
35 Participants
n=24 Participants
37 Participants
n=42 Participants
40 Participants
n=42 Participants
29 Participants
n=42 Participants
35 Participants
n=42 Participants
30 Participants
n=36 Participants
28 Participants
n=36 Participants
34 Participants
n=24 Participants
31 Participants
n=135 Participants
537 Participants
n=136 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
5 Participants
n=7 Participants
3 Participants
n=5 Participants
5 Participants
n=4 Participants
2 Participants
n=21 Participants
6 Participants
n=8 Participants
4 Participants
n=8 Participants
5 Participants
n=24 Participants
2 Participants
n=42 Participants
5 Participants
n=42 Participants
7 Participants
n=42 Participants
0 Participants
n=42 Participants
2 Participants
n=36 Participants
5 Participants
n=36 Participants
10 Participants
n=24 Participants
2 Participants
n=135 Participants
63 Participants
n=136 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
1 Participants
n=7 Participants
2 Participants
n=5 Participants
3 Participants
n=4 Participants
2 Participants
n=21 Participants
0 Participants
n=8 Participants
1 Participants
n=8 Participants
1 Participants
n=24 Participants
1 Participants
n=42 Participants
1 Participants
n=42 Participants
2 Participants
n=42 Participants
0 Participants
n=42 Participants
5 Participants
n=36 Participants
4 Participants
n=36 Participants
2 Participants
n=24 Participants
3 Participants
n=135 Participants
28 Participants
n=136 Participants
Region of Enrollment
United States
66 Participants
n=5 Participants
66 Participants
n=7 Participants
66 Participants
n=5 Participants
66 Participants
n=4 Participants
66 Participants
n=21 Participants
66 Participants
n=8 Participants
66 Participants
n=8 Participants
66 Participants
n=24 Participants
66 Participants
n=42 Participants
66 Participants
n=42 Participants
66 Participants
n=42 Participants
66 Participants
n=42 Participants
66 Participants
n=36 Participants
66 Participants
n=36 Participants
66 Participants
n=24 Participants
66 Participants
n=135 Participants
1056 Participants
n=136 Participants
Cigarettes per Day (CPD)
10.0 cigarettes per day
n=5 Participants
12.0 cigarettes per day
n=7 Participants
10.0 cigarettes per day
n=5 Participants
10.0 cigarettes per day
n=4 Participants
10.0 cigarettes per day
n=21 Participants
10.0 cigarettes per day
n=8 Participants
10.0 cigarettes per day
n=8 Participants
10.0 cigarettes per day
n=24 Participants
9.0 cigarettes per day
n=42 Participants
10.0 cigarettes per day
n=42 Participants
10.0 cigarettes per day
n=42 Participants
11.0 cigarettes per day
n=42 Participants
10.0 cigarettes per day
n=36 Participants
10.0 cigarettes per day
n=36 Participants
10.0 cigarettes per day
n=24 Participants
10.0 cigarettes per day
n=135 Participants
10.0 cigarettes per day
n=136 Participants
Heaviness of Smoking Index >=4
15 participants
n=5 Participants
28 participants
n=7 Participants
13 participants
n=5 Participants
18 participants
n=4 Participants
9 participants
n=21 Participants
23 participants
n=8 Participants
20 participants
n=8 Participants
13 participants
n=24 Participants
13 participants
n=42 Participants
21 participants
n=42 Participants
15 participants
n=42 Participants
21 participants
n=42 Participants
19 participants
n=36 Participants
13 participants
n=36 Participants
17 participants
n=24 Participants
12 participants
n=135 Participants
270 participants
n=136 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 3 months

Population: All participants eligible for 3 month follow-up (deceased participants excluded). Each intervention group was compared with all participants who did not receive that intervention. The comparison group therefore differed for each intervention: BNI=526; NRT=525; QL=527; Text = 526.

Abstinence self reported and verified by exhaled carbon monoxide

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Brief Negotiated Interview (BNI)
n=527 Participants
All 8 arms with Brief Negotiated Interview as an intervention: BNI only BNI+Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) BNI+Quitline (QL) BNI+Text BNI+NRT+QL BNI+NRT+Text BNI+QL+Text BNI+NRT+QL+Text
Brief Negotiated Interview (BNI) CONTROL
n=526 Participants
All 8 arms which did not include the BNI intervention: NRT+QL+Text NRT+QL NRT+Text NRT QL+Text QL Text Control
Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
n=528 Participants
All 8 arms with Nicotine Replacement Therapy as an intervention: NRT only Brief Negotiated Interview (BNI)+NRT NRT+Quitline (QL) NRT+Text BNI+NRT+QL BNI+NRT+Text NRT+QL+Text BNI+NRT+QL+Text
Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) CONTROL
n=525 Participants
All 8 arms which did not include the NRT intervention: BNI+QL+Text BNI+QL BNI+Text BNI Only QL+Text QL Only Text Only Control
Quitline (QL)
n=526 Participants
All 8 arms with the Quitline as an intervention: QL only Brief Negotiated Interview (BNI)+QL Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)+QL QL+Text BNI+NRT+QL BNI+QL+Text NRT+QL+Text BNI+NRT+QL+Text
Quitline (QL) CONTROL
n=527 Participants
All 8 arms which did not include the QL intervention: BNI+NRT+Text BNI+NRT BNI+Text BNI Only NRT+Text NRT Only Text Only Control
Text
n=527 Participants
All 8 arms with Text as an intervention: Text only Brief Negotiated Interview (BNI)+Text Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)+Text Quitline (QL)+Text BNI+NRT+Text BNI+QL+Text NRT+QL+Text BNI+NRT+QL+Text
Text CONTROL
n=526 Participants
All 8 arms which did not include the Text intervention: BNI+NRT+QL BNI+NRT BNI+QL BNI Only NRT+QL NRT Only QL Only Control
Tobacco Abstinence
71 Participants
49 Participants
76 Participants
44 Participants
66 Participants
54 Participants
61 Participants
59 Participants

Adverse Events

NRT+QL+Text

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

BNI+QL+Text

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

BNI+NRT+QL+Text

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

NRT+QL

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

BNI+QL

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

NRT Only

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

BNI+Text

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

BNI+NRT+Text

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

NRT+Text

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

BNI+NRT

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Control

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

BNI+NRT+QL

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Text Only

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

QL+Text

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 1 deaths

BNI Only

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 1 deaths

QL Only

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 1 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

Steven L. Bernstein, MD

Yale School of Medicine

Phone: 203-737-3574

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
  • Publication restrictions are in place