Trial Outcomes & Findings for Clinical Algorithm for Post-Stroke Gait Training With C-Brace (NCT NCT02892760)

NCT ID: NCT02892760

Last Updated: 2021-11-08

Results Overview

During the 10 Meter Walk Test (10MWT), infrared light emitting diode markers will be attached to bilateral lower extremities. The marker data will be recorded using the Northern Digital Inc (NDI) Optotrak Certus motion capture system. Marker data will be processed using custom Matlab program to determine lower extremity joint excursion. Joint excursion is the range of motion of a particular joint, and the range of motion is reported in degrees. After stroke, one side of the body is affected, and joint excursion for various joint angles (of hip, knee, and ankle) are reported for both sides of the body (affected side of body and unaffected side of body).

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

NA

Target enrollment

17 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

week 5

Results posted on

2021-11-08

Participant Flow

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
With C-brace
C-Brace is a micro-computer controlled brace that is worn on the leg to assist with walking. C-Brace: C-Brace is a micro-computer controlled brace that is worn on the leg to assist with walking.
Overall Study
STARTED
17
Overall Study
Received Intervention
15
Overall Study
COMPLETED
14
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
3

Reasons for withdrawal

Reasons for withdrawal
Measure
With C-brace
C-Brace is a micro-computer controlled brace that is worn on the leg to assist with walking. C-Brace: C-Brace is a micro-computer controlled brace that is worn on the leg to assist with walking.
Overall Study
Withdrawal by Subject
3

Baseline Characteristics

Clinical Algorithm for Post-Stroke Gait Training With C-Brace

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
With C-brace
n=15 Participants
C-Brace is a micro-computer controlled brace that is worn on the leg to assist with walking. C-Brace: C-Brace is a micro-computer controlled brace that is worn on the leg to assist with walking.
Age, Categorical
<=18 years
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Age, Categorical
Between 18 and 65 years
12 Participants
n=5 Participants
Age, Categorical
>=65 years
3 Participants
n=5 Participants
Age, Continuous
58.5 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.5 • n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
5 Participants
n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
10 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
2 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
6 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
7 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Region of Enrollment
United States
15 Participants
n=5 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: week 5

During the 10 Meter Walk Test (10MWT), infrared light emitting diode markers will be attached to bilateral lower extremities. The marker data will be recorded using the Northern Digital Inc (NDI) Optotrak Certus motion capture system. Marker data will be processed using custom Matlab program to determine lower extremity joint excursion. Joint excursion is the range of motion of a particular joint, and the range of motion is reported in degrees. After stroke, one side of the body is affected, and joint excursion for various joint angles (of hip, knee, and ankle) are reported for both sides of the body (affected side of body and unaffected side of body).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
With C-brace
n=11 Participants
C-Brace is a micro-computer controlled brace that is worn on the leg to assist with walking. C-Brace: C-Brace is a micro-computer controlled brace that is worn on the leg to assist with walking.
Gait Quality as Indicated by Joint Excursion as Assessed by Kinematic Analysis
Affected Knee internal-external rotation
16.26 degrees
Standard Deviation 9.53
Gait Quality as Indicated by Joint Excursion as Assessed by Kinematic Analysis
Affected Ankle flexion-extension
13.51 degrees
Standard Deviation 7.73
Gait Quality as Indicated by Joint Excursion as Assessed by Kinematic Analysis
Affected Ankle abduction-adduction
6.06 degrees
Standard Deviation 4.33
Gait Quality as Indicated by Joint Excursion as Assessed by Kinematic Analysis
Affected Hip flexion-extension
33.98 degrees
Standard Deviation 10.03
Gait Quality as Indicated by Joint Excursion as Assessed by Kinematic Analysis
Affected Hip abduction-adduction
9.34 degrees
Standard Deviation 3.04
Gait Quality as Indicated by Joint Excursion as Assessed by Kinematic Analysis
Affected Hip internal-external rotation
21.25 degrees
Standard Deviation 14.45
Gait Quality as Indicated by Joint Excursion as Assessed by Kinematic Analysis
Affected Knee flexion-extension
34.51 degrees
Standard Deviation 16.55
Gait Quality as Indicated by Joint Excursion as Assessed by Kinematic Analysis
Affected Knee abduction-adduction
7.72 degrees
Standard Deviation 1.77
Gait Quality as Indicated by Joint Excursion as Assessed by Kinematic Analysis
Affected Ankle internal-external rotation
8.36 degrees
Standard Deviation 7.09
Gait Quality as Indicated by Joint Excursion as Assessed by Kinematic Analysis
Unaffected Hip flexion-extension
45.31 degrees
Standard Deviation 10.21
Gait Quality as Indicated by Joint Excursion as Assessed by Kinematic Analysis
Unaffected Hip abduction-adduction
8.74 degrees
Standard Deviation 3.11
Gait Quality as Indicated by Joint Excursion as Assessed by Kinematic Analysis
Unaffected Hip internal-external rotation
14.82 degrees
Standard Deviation 6.41
Gait Quality as Indicated by Joint Excursion as Assessed by Kinematic Analysis
Unaffected Knee flexion-extension
53.71 degrees
Standard Deviation 7.64
Gait Quality as Indicated by Joint Excursion as Assessed by Kinematic Analysis
Unaffected Knee abduction-adduction
10.30 degrees
Standard Deviation 4.79
Gait Quality as Indicated by Joint Excursion as Assessed by Kinematic Analysis
Unaffected Knee internal-external rotation
11.83 degrees
Standard Deviation 3.11
Gait Quality as Indicated by Joint Excursion as Assessed by Kinematic Analysis
Unaffected Ankle flexion-extension
21.83 degrees
Standard Deviation 6.36
Gait Quality as Indicated by Joint Excursion as Assessed by Kinematic Analysis
Unaffected Ankle abduction-adduction
6.85 degrees
Standard Deviation 1.75
Gait Quality as Indicated by Joint Excursion as Assessed by Kinematic Analysis
Unaffected Ankle internal-external rotation
12.64 degrees
Standard Deviation 4.20

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: week 9

During the 10 Meter Walk Test (10MWT), infrared light emitting diode markers will be attached to bilateral lower extremities. The marker data will be recorded using the NDI Optotrak Certus motion capture system. Marker data will be processed using custom Matlab program to determine lower extremity joint excursion. Joint excursion is the range of motion of a particular joint, and the range of motion is reported in degrees. After stroke, one side of the body is affected, and joint excursion for various joint angles (of hip, knee, and ankle) are reported for both sides of the body (affected side of body and unaffected side of body).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
With C-brace
n=11 Participants
C-Brace is a micro-computer controlled brace that is worn on the leg to assist with walking. C-Brace: C-Brace is a micro-computer controlled brace that is worn on the leg to assist with walking.
Gait Quality as Indicated by Joint Excursion as Assessed by Kinematic Analysis
Affected Ankle internal-external rotation
7.55 degrees
Standard Deviation 6.01
Gait Quality as Indicated by Joint Excursion as Assessed by Kinematic Analysis
Affected Hip flexion-extension
38.80 degrees
Standard Deviation 11.26
Gait Quality as Indicated by Joint Excursion as Assessed by Kinematic Analysis
Unaffected Hip flexion-extension
46.20 degrees
Standard Deviation 10.79
Gait Quality as Indicated by Joint Excursion as Assessed by Kinematic Analysis
Unaffected Hip abduction-adduction
9.86 degrees
Standard Deviation 3.34
Gait Quality as Indicated by Joint Excursion as Assessed by Kinematic Analysis
Unaffected Hip internal-external rotation
14.99 degrees
Standard Deviation 5.25
Gait Quality as Indicated by Joint Excursion as Assessed by Kinematic Analysis
Unaffected Knee flexion-extension
55.55 degrees
Standard Deviation 7.64
Gait Quality as Indicated by Joint Excursion as Assessed by Kinematic Analysis
Unaffected Knee abduction-adduction
12.06 degrees
Standard Deviation 5.83
Gait Quality as Indicated by Joint Excursion as Assessed by Kinematic Analysis
Unaffected Knee internal-external rotation
12.78 degrees
Standard Deviation 4.32
Gait Quality as Indicated by Joint Excursion as Assessed by Kinematic Analysis
Unaffected Ankle flexion-extension
21.88 degrees
Standard Deviation 4.78
Gait Quality as Indicated by Joint Excursion as Assessed by Kinematic Analysis
Unaffected Ankle abduction-adduction
7.85 degrees
Standard Deviation 2.17
Gait Quality as Indicated by Joint Excursion as Assessed by Kinematic Analysis
Unaffected Ankle internal-external rotation
13.16 degrees
Standard Deviation 5.42
Gait Quality as Indicated by Joint Excursion as Assessed by Kinematic Analysis
Affected Hip abduction-adduction
9.03 degrees
Standard Deviation 3.55
Gait Quality as Indicated by Joint Excursion as Assessed by Kinematic Analysis
Affected Hip internal-external rotation
22.75 degrees
Standard Deviation 15.71
Gait Quality as Indicated by Joint Excursion as Assessed by Kinematic Analysis
Affected Knee flexion-extension
34.93 degrees
Standard Deviation 17.02
Gait Quality as Indicated by Joint Excursion as Assessed by Kinematic Analysis
Affected Knee abduction-adduction
7.92 degrees
Standard Deviation 2.93
Gait Quality as Indicated by Joint Excursion as Assessed by Kinematic Analysis
Affected Knee internal-external rotation
16.18 degrees
Standard Deviation 7.71
Gait Quality as Indicated by Joint Excursion as Assessed by Kinematic Analysis
Affected Ankle flexion-extension
15.91 degrees
Standard Deviation 6.82
Gait Quality as Indicated by Joint Excursion as Assessed by Kinematic Analysis
Affected Ankle abduction-adduction
6.82 degrees
Standard Deviation 5.51

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: week 5

Bipolar surface electrodes will be placed on the bilateral major leg muscles to record electromyography (1000Hz, Motion Labs 16-Channel EMG System). The EMG amplitude (in volts) will be calculated over the whole gait cycle during the 10 Meter Walk Test (10MWT), in which the participant walks 10 meters. After stroke, one side of the body is affected, and data for various muscles are reported for both sides of the body (affected side of body and unaffected side of body).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
With C-brace
n=11 Participants
C-Brace is a micro-computer controlled brace that is worn on the leg to assist with walking. C-Brace: C-Brace is a micro-computer controlled brace that is worn on the leg to assist with walking.
Change in Muscle Function as Indicated by EMG Amplitude Assessed by Surface Electromyography (sEMG)
Unaffected Semimembranous
0.2835 volts
Standard Deviation 0.0895
Change in Muscle Function as Indicated by EMG Amplitude Assessed by Surface Electromyography (sEMG)
Affected Tibialis anterior
0.2627 volts
Standard Deviation 0.0914
Change in Muscle Function as Indicated by EMG Amplitude Assessed by Surface Electromyography (sEMG)
Affected Soleus
0.2484 volts
Standard Deviation 0.0641
Change in Muscle Function as Indicated by EMG Amplitude Assessed by Surface Electromyography (sEMG)
Affected Medial gastrocnemius
0.2183 volts
Standard Deviation 0.1011
Change in Muscle Function as Indicated by EMG Amplitude Assessed by Surface Electromyography (sEMG)
Affected Vastus medialis
0.2211 volts
Standard Deviation 0.0837
Change in Muscle Function as Indicated by EMG Amplitude Assessed by Surface Electromyography (sEMG)
Affected Rectus femoris
0.2513 volts
Standard Deviation 0.0607
Change in Muscle Function as Indicated by EMG Amplitude Assessed by Surface Electromyography (sEMG)
Affected Biceps femoris
0.3136 volts
Standard Deviation 0.0723
Change in Muscle Function as Indicated by EMG Amplitude Assessed by Surface Electromyography (sEMG)
Affected Semimembranous
0.2184 volts
Standard Deviation 0.0734
Change in Muscle Function as Indicated by EMG Amplitude Assessed by Surface Electromyography (sEMG)
Unaffected Tibialis anterior
0.2791 volts
Standard Deviation 0.0595
Change in Muscle Function as Indicated by EMG Amplitude Assessed by Surface Electromyography (sEMG)
Unaffected Soleus
0.3095 volts
Standard Deviation 0.0574
Change in Muscle Function as Indicated by EMG Amplitude Assessed by Surface Electromyography (sEMG)
Unaffected Medial gastrocnemius
0.2322 volts
Standard Deviation 0.0898
Change in Muscle Function as Indicated by EMG Amplitude Assessed by Surface Electromyography (sEMG)
Unaffected Vastus medialis
0.2508 volts
Standard Deviation 0.0827
Change in Muscle Function as Indicated by EMG Amplitude Assessed by Surface Electromyography (sEMG)
Unaffected Rectus femoris
0.2827 volts
Standard Deviation 0.0873
Change in Muscle Function as Indicated by EMG Amplitude Assessed by Surface Electromyography (sEMG)
Unaffected Biceps femoris
0.2654 volts
Standard Deviation 0.0912

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: week 9

Bipolar surface electrodes will be placed on the bilateral major leg muscles to record electromyography (1000Hz, Motion Labs 16-Channel EMG System). The EMG amplitude (in volts) will be calculated over the whole gait cycle during the 10 Meter Walk Test (10MWT), in which the participant walks 10 meters. After stroke, one side of the body is affected, and data for various muscles are reported for both sides of the body (affected side of body and unaffected side of body).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
With C-brace
n=11 Participants
C-Brace is a micro-computer controlled brace that is worn on the leg to assist with walking. C-Brace: C-Brace is a micro-computer controlled brace that is worn on the leg to assist with walking.
Change in Muscle Function as Indicated by EMG Amplitude Assessed by Surface Electromyography (sEMG)
Affected Tibialis anterior
0.2639 volts
Standard Deviation 0.0897
Change in Muscle Function as Indicated by EMG Amplitude Assessed by Surface Electromyography (sEMG)
Affected Soleus
0.2776 volts
Standard Deviation 0.0755
Change in Muscle Function as Indicated by EMG Amplitude Assessed by Surface Electromyography (sEMG)
Affected Medial gastrocnemius
0.3312 volts
Standard Deviation 0.0950
Change in Muscle Function as Indicated by EMG Amplitude Assessed by Surface Electromyography (sEMG)
Affected Vastus medialis
0.2149 volts
Standard Deviation 0.1062
Change in Muscle Function as Indicated by EMG Amplitude Assessed by Surface Electromyography (sEMG)
Affected Rectus femoris
0.2146 volts
Standard Deviation 0.1072
Change in Muscle Function as Indicated by EMG Amplitude Assessed by Surface Electromyography (sEMG)
Affected Biceps femoris
0.2795 volts
Standard Deviation 0.0905
Change in Muscle Function as Indicated by EMG Amplitude Assessed by Surface Electromyography (sEMG)
Affected Semimembranous
0.2781 volts
Standard Deviation 0.1045
Change in Muscle Function as Indicated by EMG Amplitude Assessed by Surface Electromyography (sEMG)
Unaffected Tibialis anterior
0.3152 volts
Standard Deviation 0.0689
Change in Muscle Function as Indicated by EMG Amplitude Assessed by Surface Electromyography (sEMG)
Unaffected Soleus
0.3057 volts
Standard Deviation 0.0649
Change in Muscle Function as Indicated by EMG Amplitude Assessed by Surface Electromyography (sEMG)
Unaffected Medial gastrocnemius
0.2598 volts
Standard Deviation 0.0767
Change in Muscle Function as Indicated by EMG Amplitude Assessed by Surface Electromyography (sEMG)
Unaffected Vastus medialis
0.2770 volts
Standard Deviation 0.0812
Change in Muscle Function as Indicated by EMG Amplitude Assessed by Surface Electromyography (sEMG)
Unaffected Rectus femoris
0.2754 volts
Standard Deviation 0.0880
Change in Muscle Function as Indicated by EMG Amplitude Assessed by Surface Electromyography (sEMG)
Unaffected Biceps femoris
0.3026 volts
Standard Deviation 0.1161
Change in Muscle Function as Indicated by EMG Amplitude Assessed by Surface Electromyography (sEMG)
Unaffected Semimembranous
0.2877 volts
Standard Deviation 0.1002

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: week 5

Population: Data were not collected for 2 participants.

Change in metabolic expenditure during walking will be indicated by energy expenditure. Energy Expenditure will be measured by the K4 b2 Cosmed as follows: Oxygen cost will be calculated from oxygen consumption as the product of gait speed and body weight. Oxygen consumption will be collected on a breath-by-breath basis measured by a portable metabolic system (K4 b2 Cosmed). Prior to the testing, the system will be calibrated using room air and reference gas mixture. During the testing, the subject will wear a face mask and a heart rate monitor at all times and will be asked to breathe normally.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
With C-brace
n=12 Participants
C-Brace is a micro-computer controlled brace that is worn on the leg to assist with walking. C-Brace: C-Brace is a micro-computer controlled brace that is worn on the leg to assist with walking.
Metabolic Expenditure During Walking
0.03 millilters/kilogram/minute (mL/kg/min)
Standard Deviation 0.02

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: week 9

Population: Data were not collected for 2 participants.

Change in metabolic expenditure during walking will be indicated by energy expenditure. Energy Expenditure will be measured by the K4 b2 Cosmed as follows: Oxygen cost will be calculated from oxygen consumption as the product of gait speed and body weight. Oxygen consumption will be collected on a breath-by-breath basis measured by a portable metabolic system (K4 b2 Cosmed). Prior to the testing, the system will be calibrated using room air and reference gas mixture. During the testing, the subject will wear a face mask and a heart rate monitor at all times and will be asked to breathe normally.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
With C-brace
n=12 Participants
C-Brace is a micro-computer controlled brace that is worn on the leg to assist with walking. C-Brace: C-Brace is a micro-computer controlled brace that is worn on the leg to assist with walking.
Metabolic Expenditure During Walking
0.03 millilters/kilogram/minute (mL/kg/min
Standard Deviation 0.01

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: week 0

Population: Data were not collected for 3 participants.

Assesses mobility, balance, walking ability, and fall risk in older adults. The test measures the time it takes the subject to perform a sit to stand from a chair with arms, walk to a mark on the ground 10 feet away and return to the seated position in the chair with arms. This test has been used in assessing stroke recovery with high reliability and validity.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
With C-brace
n=11 Participants
C-Brace is a micro-computer controlled brace that is worn on the leg to assist with walking. C-Brace: C-Brace is a micro-computer controlled brace that is worn on the leg to assist with walking.
Score on the Timed Up and Go Test
20.09 seconds
Standard Deviation 12.38

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: week 5

Assesses mobility, balance, walking ability, and fall risk in older adults. The test measures the time it takes the subject to perform a sit to stand from a chair with arms, walk to a mark on the ground 10 feet away and return to the seated position in the chair with arms. This test has been used in assessing stroke recovery with high reliability and validity.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
With C-brace
n=14 Participants
C-Brace is a micro-computer controlled brace that is worn on the leg to assist with walking. C-Brace: C-Brace is a micro-computer controlled brace that is worn on the leg to assist with walking.
Score on the Timed Up and Go Test
19.37 seconds
Standard Deviation 9.13

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: week 9

Assesses mobility, balance, walking ability, and fall risk in older adults. The test measures the time it takes the subject to perform a sit to stand from a chair with arms, walk to a mark on the ground 10 feet away and return to the seated position in the chair with arms. This test has been used in assessing stroke recovery with high reliability and validity.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
With C-brace
n=14 Participants
C-Brace is a micro-computer controlled brace that is worn on the leg to assist with walking. C-Brace: C-Brace is a micro-computer controlled brace that is worn on the leg to assist with walking.
Score on the Timed Up and Go Test
19.09 seconds
Standard Deviation 9.75

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: week 0

Mini Mental State Examination provides information about orientation, attention, learning, calculation, delayed recall, and construction. Several studies report acceptable validity of MMSE as a screening instrument and its relationship to functional outcome in stroke population. Total score ranges from 0 to 30, with a higher score indicating a better outcome.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
With C-brace
n=14 Participants
C-Brace is a micro-computer controlled brace that is worn on the leg to assist with walking. C-Brace: C-Brace is a micro-computer controlled brace that is worn on the leg to assist with walking.
Mental State as Assessed by the Folstein Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE)
28.50 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.14

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: week 9

Mini Mental State Examination provides information about orientation, attention, learning, calculation, delayed recall, and construction. Several studies report acceptable validity of MMSE as a screening instrument and its relationship to functional outcome in stroke population. Total score ranges from 0 to 30, with a higher score indicating a better outcome.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
With C-brace
n=14 Participants
C-Brace is a micro-computer controlled brace that is worn on the leg to assist with walking. C-Brace: C-Brace is a micro-computer controlled brace that is worn on the leg to assist with walking.
Mental State as Assessed by the Folstein Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE)
28.43 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.65

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: week 0, week 9

Population: Data for this outcome measure were not collected for any participant.

Muscle strength will be measured and quantified by using dynamometers on major bilateral lower limb muscles such as hip flexors.

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: week 0, week 9

Population: Data for this outcome measure were not collected for any participant.

Muscle strength will be measured and quantified by using dynamometers on major bilateral lower limb muscles such as hip extensors.

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: week 0, week 9

Population: Data for this outcome measure were not collected for any participant.

Muscle strength will be measured and quantified by using dynamometers on major bilateral lower limb muscles such as hip abductors.

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: week 0, week 9

Population: Data for this outcome measure were not collected for any participant.

Muscle strength will be measured and quantified by using dynamometers on major bilateral lower limb muscles such as hip adductors.

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: week 0, week 9

Population: Data for this outcome measure were not collected for any participant.

Muscle strength will be measured and quantified by using dynamometers on major bilateral lower limb muscles such as knee flexors.

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: week 0, week 9

Population: Data for this outcome measure were not collected for any participant.

Muscle strength will be measured and quantified by using dynamometers on major bilateral lower limb muscles such as knee extensors.

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: week 0, week 9

Population: Data for this outcome measure were not collected for any participant.

Muscle strength will be measured and quantified by using dynamometers on major bilateral lower limb muscles such as ankle dorsiflexors.

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: week 0, week 9

Population: Data for this outcome measure were not collected for any participant.

Muscle strength will be measured and quantified by using dynamometers on major bilateral lower limb muscles such as ankle plantarflexors.

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: week 0

Range of motion will be measured on bilateral hip using goniometry (goniometry is the use of a device called a goniometer to measure range of motion of a joint in degrees). After stroke, one side of the body is affected. For each participant, the range of motion of their affected hip will be measured and also the range of motion of their other hip (the unaffected hip) will be measured \[it is possible that a participant will have a range of motion within normal limits on both hip sides (affected hip and unaffected hip)\].

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
With C-brace
n=14 Participants
C-Brace is a micro-computer controlled brace that is worn on the leg to assist with walking. C-Brace: C-Brace is a micro-computer controlled brace that is worn on the leg to assist with walking.
Number of Participants With Bilateral Hip Range of Motion Within Normal Limits as Assessed by Goniometry
Unaffected side hip internal rotation
13 Participants
Number of Participants With Bilateral Hip Range of Motion Within Normal Limits as Assessed by Goniometry
Unaffected side hip external rotation
13 Participants
Number of Participants With Bilateral Hip Range of Motion Within Normal Limits as Assessed by Goniometry
Unaffected side hip abduction
14 Participants
Number of Participants With Bilateral Hip Range of Motion Within Normal Limits as Assessed by Goniometry
Unaffected side hip adduction
14 Participants
Number of Participants With Bilateral Hip Range of Motion Within Normal Limits as Assessed by Goniometry
Affected side hip flexion
12 Participants
Number of Participants With Bilateral Hip Range of Motion Within Normal Limits as Assessed by Goniometry
Affected side hip extension
11 Participants
Number of Participants With Bilateral Hip Range of Motion Within Normal Limits as Assessed by Goniometry
Affected side hip internal rotation
13 Participants
Number of Participants With Bilateral Hip Range of Motion Within Normal Limits as Assessed by Goniometry
Affected side hip external rotation
13 Participants
Number of Participants With Bilateral Hip Range of Motion Within Normal Limits as Assessed by Goniometry
Affected side hip abduction
12 Participants
Number of Participants With Bilateral Hip Range of Motion Within Normal Limits as Assessed by Goniometry
Affected side hip adduction
14 Participants
Number of Participants With Bilateral Hip Range of Motion Within Normal Limits as Assessed by Goniometry
Unaffected side hip flexion
13 Participants
Number of Participants With Bilateral Hip Range of Motion Within Normal Limits as Assessed by Goniometry
Unaffected side hip extension
13 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: week 9

Range of motion will be measured on bilateral hip using goniometry (goniometry is the use of a device called a goniometer to measure range of motion of a joint in degrees). After stroke, one side of the body is affected. For each participant, the range of motion of their affected hip will be measured and also the range of motion of their other hip (the unaffected hip) will be measured \[it is possible that a participant will have a range of motion within normal limits on both hip sides (affected hip and unaffected hip)\].

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
With C-brace
n=14 Participants
C-Brace is a micro-computer controlled brace that is worn on the leg to assist with walking. C-Brace: C-Brace is a micro-computer controlled brace that is worn on the leg to assist with walking.
Number of Participants With Bilateral Hip Range of Motion Within Normal Limits as Assessed by Goniometry
Unaffected side hip internal rotation
14 Participants
Number of Participants With Bilateral Hip Range of Motion Within Normal Limits as Assessed by Goniometry
Affected side hip flexion
13 Participants
Number of Participants With Bilateral Hip Range of Motion Within Normal Limits as Assessed by Goniometry
Affected side hip extension
11 Participants
Number of Participants With Bilateral Hip Range of Motion Within Normal Limits as Assessed by Goniometry
Affected side hip internal rotation
12 Participants
Number of Participants With Bilateral Hip Range of Motion Within Normal Limits as Assessed by Goniometry
Affected side hip external rotation
11 Participants
Number of Participants With Bilateral Hip Range of Motion Within Normal Limits as Assessed by Goniometry
Affected side hip abduction
13 Participants
Number of Participants With Bilateral Hip Range of Motion Within Normal Limits as Assessed by Goniometry
Affected side hip adduction
14 Participants
Number of Participants With Bilateral Hip Range of Motion Within Normal Limits as Assessed by Goniometry
Unaffected side hip flexion
14 Participants
Number of Participants With Bilateral Hip Range of Motion Within Normal Limits as Assessed by Goniometry
Unaffected side hip extension
13 Participants
Number of Participants With Bilateral Hip Range of Motion Within Normal Limits as Assessed by Goniometry
Unaffected side hip external rotation
14 Participants
Number of Participants With Bilateral Hip Range of Motion Within Normal Limits as Assessed by Goniometry
Unaffected side hip abduction
14 Participants
Number of Participants With Bilateral Hip Range of Motion Within Normal Limits as Assessed by Goniometry
Unaffected side hip adduction
14 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: week 0

Range of motion will be measured on knee joints using goniometry (goniometry is the use of a device called a goniometer to measure range of motion of a joint in degrees). After stroke, one side of the body is affected. For each participant, the range of motion of their affected knee will be measured and also the range of motion of their other knee (the unaffected knee) will be measured \[it is possible that a participant will have a range of motion within normal limits for both knees (affected knee and unaffected knee)\].

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
With C-brace
n=14 Participants
C-Brace is a micro-computer controlled brace that is worn on the leg to assist with walking. C-Brace: C-Brace is a micro-computer controlled brace that is worn on the leg to assist with walking.
Number of Participants With Knee Joint Range of Motion Within Normal Limits as Assessed by Goniometry
Affected side knee flexion
11 Participants
Number of Participants With Knee Joint Range of Motion Within Normal Limits as Assessed by Goniometry
Affected side knee extension
12 Participants
Number of Participants With Knee Joint Range of Motion Within Normal Limits as Assessed by Goniometry
Unaffected side knee flexion
13 Participants
Number of Participants With Knee Joint Range of Motion Within Normal Limits as Assessed by Goniometry
Unaffected side knee extension
12 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: week 9

Range of motion will be measured on knee joints using goniometry (goniometry is the use of a device called a goniometer to measure range of motion of a joint in degrees). After stroke, one side of the body is affected. For each participant, the range of motion of their affected knee will be measured and also the range of motion of their other knee (the unaffected knee) will be measured \[it is possible that a participant will have a range of motion within normal limits for both knees (affected knee and unaffected knee)\].

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
With C-brace
n=14 Participants
C-Brace is a micro-computer controlled brace that is worn on the leg to assist with walking. C-Brace: C-Brace is a micro-computer controlled brace that is worn on the leg to assist with walking.
Number of Participants With Knee Joint Range of Motion Within Normal Limits as Assessed by Goniometry
Affected side knee flexion
12 Participants
Number of Participants With Knee Joint Range of Motion Within Normal Limits as Assessed by Goniometry
Affected side knee extension
14 Participants
Number of Participants With Knee Joint Range of Motion Within Normal Limits as Assessed by Goniometry
Unaffected side knee flexion
14 Participants
Number of Participants With Knee Joint Range of Motion Within Normal Limits as Assessed by Goniometry
Unaffected side knee extension
14 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: week 0

Range of motion will be measured on ankle joints using goniometry (goniometry is the use of a device called a goniometer to measure range of motion of a joint in degrees). After stroke, one side of the body is affected. For each participant, the range of motion of their affected ankle will be measured and also the range of motion of their other ankle (the unaffected ankle) will be measured \[it is possible that a participant will have a range of motion within normal limits for both ankles (affected ankle and unaffected ankle)\].

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
With C-brace
n=14 Participants
C-Brace is a micro-computer controlled brace that is worn on the leg to assist with walking. C-Brace: C-Brace is a micro-computer controlled brace that is worn on the leg to assist with walking.
Number of Participants With Ankle Joint Range of Motion Within Normal Limits as Assessed by Goniometry
Affected side ankle dorsiflexion
4 Participants
Number of Participants With Ankle Joint Range of Motion Within Normal Limits as Assessed by Goniometry
Affected side ankle plantarflexion
13 Participants
Number of Participants With Ankle Joint Range of Motion Within Normal Limits as Assessed by Goniometry
Unaffected side ankle dorsiflexion
13 Participants
Number of Participants With Ankle Joint Range of Motion Within Normal Limits as Assessed by Goniometry
Unaffected side ankle plantarflexion
14 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: week 9

Range of motion will be measured on ankle joints using goniometry (goniometry is the use of a device called a goniometer to measure range of motion of a joint in degrees). After stroke, one side of the body is affected. For each participant, the range of motion of their affected ankle will be measured and also the range of motion of their other ankle (the unaffected ankle) will be measured \[it is possible that a participant will have a range of motion within normal limits for both ankles (affected ankle and unaffected ankle)\].

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
With C-brace
n=14 Participants
C-Brace is a micro-computer controlled brace that is worn on the leg to assist with walking. C-Brace: C-Brace is a micro-computer controlled brace that is worn on the leg to assist with walking.
Number of Participants With Ankle Joint Range of Motion Within Normal Limits as Assessed by Goniometry
Affected side ankle dorsiflexion
6 Participants
Number of Participants With Ankle Joint Range of Motion Within Normal Limits as Assessed by Goniometry
Affected side ankle plantarflexion
12 Participants
Number of Participants With Ankle Joint Range of Motion Within Normal Limits as Assessed by Goniometry
Unaffected side ankle dorsiflexion
14 Participants
Number of Participants With Ankle Joint Range of Motion Within Normal Limits as Assessed by Goniometry
Unaffected side ankle plantarflexion
14 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: week 0

The Fugl-Meyer Assessment evaluates and measures recovery of movement in individual post stroke. The Fugl-Meyer has been used in both clinical and research settings and is one of the most widely used quantitative measures of motor impairment. It uses an ordinal scale for scoring of 17 items for the lower limb component and 7 items on the balance component, for a total of 24 items. Each of the 24 items is scored as 0 (cannot perform), 1 (can perform partially), or 2 (can perform fully), with a total score ranging from 0 to 48, with a higher score indicating less impairment.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
With C-brace
n=14 Participants
C-Brace is a micro-computer controlled brace that is worn on the leg to assist with walking. C-Brace: C-Brace is a micro-computer controlled brace that is worn on the leg to assist with walking.
Motor Impairment as Determined by the Fugl-Meyer Assessment
23.43 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.52

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: week 9

The Fugl-Meyer Assessment evaluates and measures recovery of movement in individual post stroke. The Fugl-Meyer has been used in both clinical and research settings and is one of the most widely used quantitative measures of motor impairment. It uses an ordinal scale for scoring of 17 items for the lower limb component and 7 items on the balance component, for a total of 24 items. Each of the 24 items is scored as 0 (cannot perform), 1 (can perform partially), or 2 (can perform fully), with a total score ranging from 0 to 48, with a higher score indicating less impairment.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
With C-brace
n=14 Participants
C-Brace is a micro-computer controlled brace that is worn on the leg to assist with walking. C-Brace: C-Brace is a micro-computer controlled brace that is worn on the leg to assist with walking.
Motor Impairment as Determined by the Fugl-Meyer Assessment
24.29 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.27

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: week 0

This test measures spasticity in patients with lesions of the Central Nervous System by testing resistance to passive movement about a joint with varying degrees of velocity. Scores range from 0-4, with 0 indicating normal muscle tone and 4 indicating very high spasticity. The investigators will measure spasticity in lower limbs.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
With C-brace
n=14 Participants
C-Brace is a micro-computer controlled brace that is worn on the leg to assist with walking. C-Brace: C-Brace is a micro-computer controlled brace that is worn on the leg to assist with walking.
Spasticity as Assessed by the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS)
Affected side hip flexor
0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0
Spasticity as Assessed by the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS)
Affected side hip extensor
0.07 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.27
Spasticity as Assessed by the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS)
Affected side knee flexors
0.07 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.27
Spasticity as Assessed by the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS)
Affected side knee extensors
0.5 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.76
Spasticity as Assessed by the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS)
Affected side ankle dorsiflexors
0.21 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.8
Spasticity as Assessed by the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS)
Affected side ankle plantarflexors
0.71 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.97
Spasticity as Assessed by the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS)
Unaffected side hip flexor
0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0
Spasticity as Assessed by the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS)
Unaffected side hip extensor
0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0
Spasticity as Assessed by the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS)
Unaffected side knee flexors
0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0
Spasticity as Assessed by the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS)
Unaffected side knee extensors
0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0
Spasticity as Assessed by the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS)
Unaffected side ankle dorsiflexors
0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0
Spasticity as Assessed by the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS)
Unaffected side ankle plantarflexors
0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: week 9

This test measures spasticity in patients with lesions of the Central Nervous System by testing resistance to passive movement about a joint with varying degrees of velocity. Scores range from 0-4, with 0 indicating normal muscle tone and 4 indicating very high spasticity. The investigators will measure spasticity in lower limbs.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
With C-brace
n=14 Participants
C-Brace is a micro-computer controlled brace that is worn on the leg to assist with walking. C-Brace: C-Brace is a micro-computer controlled brace that is worn on the leg to assist with walking.
Spasticity as Assessed by the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS)
Affected side hip flexor
0.18 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.46
Spasticity as Assessed by the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS)
Affected side hip extensor
0.07 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.27
Spasticity as Assessed by the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS)
Affected side knee flexors
0.32 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.54
Spasticity as Assessed by the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS)
Affected side knee extensors
0.64 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.72
Spasticity as Assessed by the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS)
Affected side ankle dorsiflexors
0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0
Spasticity as Assessed by the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS)
Affected side ankle plantarflexors
0.57 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.73
Spasticity as Assessed by the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS)
Unaffected side hip flexor
0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0
Spasticity as Assessed by the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS)
Unaffected side hip extensor
0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0
Spasticity as Assessed by the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS)
Unaffected side knee flexors
0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0
Spasticity as Assessed by the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS)
Unaffected side knee extensors
0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0
Spasticity as Assessed by the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS)
Unaffected side ankle dorsiflexors
0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0
Spasticity as Assessed by the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS)
Unaffected side ankle plantarflexors
0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: week 0

A 14-item objective measure designed to assess static balance and fall risk in adult populations, with a total score range of 0 to 56 (higher scores represent better functional outcome). This test has been widely used to measure functional recovery in stroke patients with high reliability.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
With C-brace
n=14 Participants
C-Brace is a micro-computer controlled brace that is worn on the leg to assist with walking. C-Brace: C-Brace is a micro-computer controlled brace that is worn on the leg to assist with walking.
Static Balance as Assessed by the Berg Balance Scale (BBS)
48.64 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.17

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: week 9

A 14-item objective measure designed to assess static balance and fall risk in adult populations, with a total score range of 0 to 56 (higher scores represent better functional outcome). This test has been widely used to measure functional recovery in stroke patients with high reliability.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
With C-brace
n=14 Participants
C-Brace is a micro-computer controlled brace that is worn on the leg to assist with walking. C-Brace: C-Brace is a micro-computer controlled brace that is worn on the leg to assist with walking.
Static Balance as Assessed by the Berg Balance Scale (BBS)
49.79 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.51

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: week 0

Measure of gait speed. Subjects will walk a total of 14 meters at their preferred walking speed and at a fast pace. The test measures the time it takes the subject to complete the middle 10 meters of the walk.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
With C-brace
n=14 Participants
C-Brace is a micro-computer controlled brace that is worn on the leg to assist with walking. C-Brace: C-Brace is a micro-computer controlled brace that is worn on the leg to assist with walking.
Gait Speed as Assessed by the 10 Meter Walk Test (10MWT)
0.65 meters per second
Standard Deviation 0.28

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: week 5

Measure of gait speed. Subjects will walk a total of 14 meters at their preferred walking speed and at a fast pace. The test measures the time it takes the subject to complete the middle 10 meters of the walk.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
With C-brace
n=14 Participants
C-Brace is a micro-computer controlled brace that is worn on the leg to assist with walking. C-Brace: C-Brace is a micro-computer controlled brace that is worn on the leg to assist with walking.
Gait Speed as Assessed by the 10 Meter Walk Test (10MWT)
0.66 meters per second
Standard Deviation 0.31

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: week 9

Measure of gait speed. Subjects will walk a total of 14 meters at their preferred walking speed and at a fast pace. The test measures the time it takes the subject to complete the middle 10 meters of the walk.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
With C-brace
n=14 Participants
C-Brace is a micro-computer controlled brace that is worn on the leg to assist with walking. C-Brace: C-Brace is a micro-computer controlled brace that is worn on the leg to assist with walking.
Gait Speed as Assessed by the 10 Meter Walk Test (10MWT)
0.73 meters per second
Standard Deviation 0.29

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: week 0

The participant will perform the 6MWT, in which the participant will walk as far as possible in six minutes. During the 6MWT, the peak volume of oxygen consumed per minute (peak VO₂) will be measured by a portable metabolic system. Data are reported as peak volume of oxygen (in milliliters) consumed per kilogram bodyweight per minute per meter walked \[milliliters/kilogram/minute/meter (mL/kg/min/m)\].

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
With C-brace
n=14 Participants
C-Brace is a micro-computer controlled brace that is worn on the leg to assist with walking. C-Brace: C-Brace is a micro-computer controlled brace that is worn on the leg to assist with walking.
Aerobic Capacity as Assessed by Peak VO₂ Per Kilogram Body Weight During the Six-minute Walk Test (6MWT)
0.033 mL/kg/min/m
Standard Deviation 0.015

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: week 5

Population: Data for this outcome measure were not collected for 2 participants.

The participant will perform the 6MWT, in which the participant will walk as far as possible in six minutes. During the 6MWT, the peak volume of oxygen consumed per minute (peak VO₂) will be will be measured by a portable metabolic system. Data are reported as peak volume of oxygen (in milliliters) consumed per kilogram bodyweight per minute per meter walked \[milliliters/kilogram/minute/meter (mL/kg/min/m)\].

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
With C-brace
n=12 Participants
C-Brace is a micro-computer controlled brace that is worn on the leg to assist with walking. C-Brace: C-Brace is a micro-computer controlled brace that is worn on the leg to assist with walking.
Aerobic Capacity as Assessed by Peak VO₂ Per Kilogram Body Weight During the Six-minute Walk Test (6MWT)
0.030 mL/kg/min/m
Standard Deviation 0.015

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: week 9

The participant will perform the 6MWT, in which the participant will walk as far as possible in six minutes. During the 6MWT, the peak volume of oxygen consumed per minute (peak VO₂) will be will be measured by a portable metabolic system. Data are reported as peak volume of oxygen (in milliliters) consumed per kilogram bodyweight per minute per meter walked \[milliliters/kilogram/minute/meter (mL/kg/min/m)\].

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
With C-brace
n=14 Participants
C-Brace is a micro-computer controlled brace that is worn on the leg to assist with walking. C-Brace: C-Brace is a micro-computer controlled brace that is worn on the leg to assist with walking.
Aerobic Capacity as Assessed by Peak VO₂ Per Kilogram Body Weight During the Six-minute Walk Test (6MWT)
0.030 mL/kg/min/m
Standard Deviation 0.013

Adverse Events

With C-brace

Serious events: 1 serious events
Other events: 8 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Serious adverse events
Measure
With C-brace
n=15 participants at risk
C-Brace is a micro-computer controlled brace that is worn on the leg to assist with walking. C-Brace: C-Brace is a micro-computer controlled brace that is worn on the leg to assist with walking.
Nervous system disorders
Seizure
6.7%
1/15 • Number of events 1 • 23 months
2 withdrew before adverse event data was collected.

Other adverse events

Other adverse events
Measure
With C-brace
n=15 participants at risk
C-Brace is a micro-computer controlled brace that is worn on the leg to assist with walking. C-Brace: C-Brace is a micro-computer controlled brace that is worn on the leg to assist with walking.
General disorders
Fall at home/office
26.7%
4/15 • Number of events 4 • 23 months
2 withdrew before adverse event data was collected.
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
Skin pinch
20.0%
3/15 • Number of events 5 • 23 months
2 withdrew before adverse event data was collected.
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
Blister
6.7%
1/15 • Number of events 2 • 23 months
2 withdrew before adverse event data was collected.
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
Skin redness
6.7%
1/15 • Number of events 1 • 23 months
2 withdrew before adverse event data was collected.
General disorders
High blood pressure
6.7%
1/15 • Number of events 1 • 23 months
2 withdrew before adverse event data was collected.
Investigations
Device non-function
6.7%
1/15 • Number of events 3 • 23 months
2 withdrew before adverse event data was collected.

Additional Information

Gerard Francisco, MD

The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston

Phone: 713-797-7636

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
  • Publication restrictions are in place