Trial Outcomes & Findings for Apixaban Versus Warfarin for the Management of Post-operative Atrial Fibrillation (NCT NCT02889562)

Last Updated: 2021-01-22

Results Overview

Efficacy will be measured by the freedom from stroke during the study period. Events relating to stroke will be adjudicated using pre-determined definitions by independent committee members that remain blinded to the patient's treatment arm.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

PHASE2/PHASE3

Target enrollment

56 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

30 days

Results posted on

2021-01-22

Participant Flow

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure	Apixaban Apixaban is to be dosed at 5 mg by mouth twice daily, except in the case of the criteria listed below in "dose modifications". The duration of therapy will be at least 30 days. The patient's physician may determine that anticoagulation therapy should be continued after the study period, based on their examination of the patient at the 30-day post-operative examination. Apixaban: Study arm that patient can be randomized to. Apixaban is a novel, orally active, potent, direct selective inhibitor of coagulation FXa that directly and reversibly binds to the active site of FXa and exerts anticoagulant and antithrombotic effects by diminishing the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin.	Warfarin While patients are hospitalized, warfarin will be dosed daily, with daily INR monitoring per hospital protocol. Daily doses may vary from 0.5mg to 15mg by mouth, as determined by patient specific factors such as patient size, hepatic function, INR, concomitant medications, diet, or other factors. Based on these factors or others not listed, there may also be days in which the patient is prescribed to not get does not receive a dose of warfarin. After discharge from the hospital, warfarin dosing will be subsequently managed by an anticoagulation clinic, per established protocols. All patients will have a goal INR of 2-3 during the duration of the study. The duration of therapy will be at least 30 days. The patient's physician may determine that anticoagulation therapy should be continued after the study period, based on their examination of the patient at the 30-day post-operative examination. Warfarin: Study arm that patient can be randomized to. Warfarin therapy has been the mainstay of therapy for patients with POAF. While the duration of therapy is usually short (3-4 weeks), complications of anticoagulation do occur. Additionally, warfarin therapy for POAF is associated with increased length of stay, need for monitoring, and bleeding complications.
Overall Study STARTED	28	28
Overall Study COMPLETED	28	26
Overall Study NOT COMPLETED	0	2

Reasons for withdrawal

Reasons for withdrawal
Measure	Apixaban Apixaban is to be dosed at 5 mg by mouth twice daily, except in the case of the criteria listed below in "dose modifications". The duration of therapy will be at least 30 days. The patient's physician may determine that anticoagulation therapy should be continued after the study period, based on their examination of the patient at the 30-day post-operative examination. Apixaban: Study arm that patient can be randomized to. Apixaban is a novel, orally active, potent, direct selective inhibitor of coagulation FXa that directly and reversibly binds to the active site of FXa and exerts anticoagulant and antithrombotic effects by diminishing the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin.	Warfarin While patients are hospitalized, warfarin will be dosed daily, with daily INR monitoring per hospital protocol. Daily doses may vary from 0.5mg to 15mg by mouth, as determined by patient specific factors such as patient size, hepatic function, INR, concomitant medications, diet, or other factors. Based on these factors or others not listed, there may also be days in which the patient is prescribed to not get does not receive a dose of warfarin. After discharge from the hospital, warfarin dosing will be subsequently managed by an anticoagulation clinic, per established protocols. All patients will have a goal INR of 2-3 during the duration of the study. The duration of therapy will be at least 30 days. The patient's physician may determine that anticoagulation therapy should be continued after the study period, based on their examination of the patient at the 30-day post-operative examination. Warfarin: Study arm that patient can be randomized to. Warfarin therapy has been the mainstay of therapy for patients with POAF. While the duration of therapy is usually short (3-4 weeks), complications of anticoagulation do occur. Additionally, warfarin therapy for POAF is associated with increased length of stay, need for monitoring, and bleeding complications.
Overall Study Physician Decision	0	1
Overall Study Withdrawal by Subject	0	1

Baseline Characteristics

Apixaban Versus Warfarin for the Management of Post-operative Atrial Fibrillation

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure	Apixaban n=28 Participants Apixaban is to be dosed at 5 mg by mouth twice daily, except in the case of the criteria listed below in "dose modifications". The duration of therapy will be at least 30 days. The patient's physician may determine that anticoagulation therapy should be continued after the study period, based on their examination of the patient at the 30-day post-operative examination. Apixaban: Study arm that patient can be randomized to. Apixaban is a novel, orally active, potent, direct selective inhibitor of coagulation FXa that directly and reversibly binds to the active site of FXa and exerts anticoagulant and antithrombotic effects by diminishing the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin.	Warfarin n=28 Participants While patients are hospitalized, warfarin will be dosed daily, with daily INR monitoring per hospital protocol. Daily doses may vary from 0.5mg to 15mg by mouth, as determined by patient specific factors such as patient size, hepatic function, INR, concomitant medications, diet, or other factors. Based on these factors or others not listed, there may also be days in which the patient is prescribed to not get does not receive a dose of warfarin. After discharge from the hospital, warfarin dosing will be subsequently managed by an anticoagulation clinic, per established protocols. All patients will have a goal INR of 2-3 during the duration of the study. The duration of therapy will be at least 30 days. The patient's physician may determine that anticoagulation therapy should be continued after the study period, based on their examination of the patient at the 30-day post-operative examination. Warfarin: Study arm that patient can be randomized to. Warfarin therapy has been the mainstay of therapy for patients with POAF. While the duration of therapy is usually short (3-4 weeks), complications of anticoagulation do occur. Additionally, warfarin therapy for POAF is associated with increased length of stay, need for monitoring, and bleeding complications.	Total n=56 Participants Total of all reporting groups
Age, Continuous	71.0 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.1 • n=5 Participants	69.5 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.5 • n=7 Participants	70.2 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.8 • n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Female	3 Participants n=5 Participants	8 Participants n=7 Participants	11 Participants n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Male	25 Participants n=5 Participants	20 Participants n=7 Participants	45 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Asian	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) White	28 Participants n=5 Participants	27 Participants n=7 Participants	55 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported	0 Participants n=5 Participants	1 Participants n=7 Participants	1 Participants n=5 Participants
Region of Enrollment United States	28 Participants n=5 Participants	28 Participants n=7 Participants	56 Participants n=5 Participants
Weight	98.6 kg STANDARD_DEVIATION 20.5 • n=5 Participants	92.7 kg STANDARD_DEVIATION 17.2 • n=7 Participants	95.6 kg STANDARD_DEVIATION 19.0 • n=5 Participants
Body Mass Index	32.4 kg/meter-squared STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.1 • n=5 Participants	31.1 kg/meter-squared STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.6 • n=7 Participants	31.7 kg/meter-squared STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.8 • n=5 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 30 days

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Apixaban n=28 Participants Apixaban is to be dosed at 5 mg by mouth twice daily, except in the case of the criteria listed below in "dose modifications". The duration of therapy will be at least 30 days. The patient's physician may determine that anticoagulation therapy should be continued after the study period, based on their examination of the patient at the 30-day post-operative examination. Apixaban: Study arm that patient can be randomized to. Apixaban is a novel, orally active, potent, direct selective inhibitor of coagulation FXa that directly and reversibly binds to the active site of FXa and exerts anticoagulant and antithrombotic effects by diminishing the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin.	Warfarin n=28 Participants While patients are hospitalized, warfarin will be dosed daily, with daily INR monitoring per hospital protocol. Daily doses may vary from 0.5mg to 15mg by mouth, as determined by patient specific factors such as patient size, hepatic function, INR, concomitant medications, diet, or other factors. Based on these factors or others not listed, there may also be days in which the patient is prescribed to not get does not receive a dose of warfarin. After discharge from the hospital, warfarin dosing will be subsequently managed by an anticoagulation clinic, per established protocols. All patients will have a goal INR of 2-3 during the duration of the study. The duration of therapy will be at least 30 days. The patient's physician may determine that anticoagulation therapy should be continued after the study period, based on their examination of the patient at the 30-day post-operative examination. Warfarin: Study arm that patient can be randomized to. Warfarin therapy has been the mainstay of therapy for patients with POAF. While the duration of therapy is usually short (3-4 weeks), complications of anticoagulation do occur. Additionally, warfarin therapy for POAF is associated with increased length of stay, need for monitoring, and bleeding complications.
Number of Participants With Strokes	0 participants Interval 0.0 to 0.0	0 participants Interval 0.0 to 0.0

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 30 days

Efficacy will be measured by the freedom from thromboembolytic events during the study period. Events relating to thromboembolytic events will be adjudicated using pre-determined definitions by independent committee members that remain blinded to the patient's treatment arm.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Apixaban n=28 Participants Apixaban is to be dosed at 5 mg by mouth twice daily, except in the case of the criteria listed below in "dose modifications". The duration of therapy will be at least 30 days. The patient's physician may determine that anticoagulation therapy should be continued after the study period, based on their examination of the patient at the 30-day post-operative examination. Apixaban: Study arm that patient can be randomized to. Apixaban is a novel, orally active, potent, direct selective inhibitor of coagulation FXa that directly and reversibly binds to the active site of FXa and exerts anticoagulant and antithrombotic effects by diminishing the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin.	Warfarin n=28 Participants While patients are hospitalized, warfarin will be dosed daily, with daily INR monitoring per hospital protocol. Daily doses may vary from 0.5mg to 15mg by mouth, as determined by patient specific factors such as patient size, hepatic function, INR, concomitant medications, diet, or other factors. Based on these factors or others not listed, there may also be days in which the patient is prescribed to not get does not receive a dose of warfarin. After discharge from the hospital, warfarin dosing will be subsequently managed by an anticoagulation clinic, per established protocols. All patients will have a goal INR of 2-3 during the duration of the study. The duration of therapy will be at least 30 days. The patient's physician may determine that anticoagulation therapy should be continued after the study period, based on their examination of the patient at the 30-day post-operative examination. Warfarin: Study arm that patient can be randomized to. Warfarin therapy has been the mainstay of therapy for patients with POAF. While the duration of therapy is usually short (3-4 weeks), complications of anticoagulation do occur. Additionally, warfarin therapy for POAF is associated with increased length of stay, need for monitoring, and bleeding complications.
Number of Participants With Thromboembolytic Events	0 Participants	0 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 30 days

Population: 2 units of blood were given per patient

Units of blood or blood products given after the first dose of anticoagulation.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Apixaban n=28 Participants Apixaban is to be dosed at 5 mg by mouth twice daily, except in the case of the criteria listed below in "dose modifications". The duration of therapy will be at least 30 days. The patient's physician may determine that anticoagulation therapy should be continued after the study period, based on their examination of the patient at the 30-day post-operative examination. Apixaban: Study arm that patient can be randomized to. Apixaban is a novel, orally active, potent, direct selective inhibitor of coagulation FXa that directly and reversibly binds to the active site of FXa and exerts anticoagulant and antithrombotic effects by diminishing the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin.	Warfarin n=28 Participants While patients are hospitalized, warfarin will be dosed daily, with daily INR monitoring per hospital protocol. Daily doses may vary from 0.5mg to 15mg by mouth, as determined by patient specific factors such as patient size, hepatic function, INR, concomitant medications, diet, or other factors. Based on these factors or others not listed, there may also be days in which the patient is prescribed to not get does not receive a dose of warfarin. After discharge from the hospital, warfarin dosing will be subsequently managed by an anticoagulation clinic, per established protocols. All patients will have a goal INR of 2-3 during the duration of the study. The duration of therapy will be at least 30 days. The patient's physician may determine that anticoagulation therapy should be continued after the study period, based on their examination of the patient at the 30-day post-operative examination. Warfarin: Study arm that patient can be randomized to. Warfarin therapy has been the mainstay of therapy for patients with POAF. While the duration of therapy is usually short (3-4 weeks), complications of anticoagulation do occur. Additionally, warfarin therapy for POAF is associated with increased length of stay, need for monitoring, and bleeding complications.
Units of Blood Given After Initiation of Anticoagulation Medication	6 total units of blood	2 total units of blood

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 30 days

This will be measured from the date/time of the end of the subject's surgery until the date/time of the patient's discharge from the hospital. This will be measured in hours, to the nearest tenth of an hour.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Apixaban n=28 Participants Apixaban is to be dosed at 5 mg by mouth twice daily, except in the case of the criteria listed below in "dose modifications". The duration of therapy will be at least 30 days. The patient's physician may determine that anticoagulation therapy should be continued after the study period, based on their examination of the patient at the 30-day post-operative examination. Apixaban: Study arm that patient can be randomized to. Apixaban is a novel, orally active, potent, direct selective inhibitor of coagulation FXa that directly and reversibly binds to the active site of FXa and exerts anticoagulant and antithrombotic effects by diminishing the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin.	Warfarin n=28 Participants While patients are hospitalized, warfarin will be dosed daily, with daily INR monitoring per hospital protocol. Daily doses may vary from 0.5mg to 15mg by mouth, as determined by patient specific factors such as patient size, hepatic function, INR, concomitant medications, diet, or other factors. Based on these factors or others not listed, there may also be days in which the patient is prescribed to not get does not receive a dose of warfarin. After discharge from the hospital, warfarin dosing will be subsequently managed by an anticoagulation clinic, per established protocols. All patients will have a goal INR of 2-3 during the duration of the study. The duration of therapy will be at least 30 days. The patient's physician may determine that anticoagulation therapy should be continued after the study period, based on their examination of the patient at the 30-day post-operative examination. Warfarin: Study arm that patient can be randomized to. Warfarin therapy has been the mainstay of therapy for patients with POAF. While the duration of therapy is usually short (3-4 weeks), complications of anticoagulation do occur. Additionally, warfarin therapy for POAF is associated with increased length of stay, need for monitoring, and bleeding complications.
Total Post-operative Length of Stay	167.5 hours Standard Deviation 76.6	143.1 hours Standard Deviation 53.2

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 30 days

Population: INR values are not measured for Apixaban. Apixaban is dose adjusted based on renal function, body weight, and age, but Warfarin requires laboratory monitoring due to other factors that may affect therapeutic affects such as prescribed and over-the-counter medications, consumption of alcoholic beverages, or a diet with inconsistent intake of vitamin K content.

Time in therapeutic range of INR, if on warfarin, (eg. 2-3), measured as a percentage and defined for each patient using the Rosendaal equation

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Apixaban Apixaban is to be dosed at 5 mg by mouth twice daily, except in the case of the criteria listed below in "dose modifications". The duration of therapy will be at least 30 days. The patient's physician may determine that anticoagulation therapy should be continued after the study period, based on their examination of the patient at the 30-day post-operative examination. Apixaban: Study arm that patient can be randomized to. Apixaban is a novel, orally active, potent, direct selective inhibitor of coagulation FXa that directly and reversibly binds to the active site of FXa and exerts anticoagulant and antithrombotic effects by diminishing the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin.	Warfarin n=28 Participants While patients are hospitalized, warfarin will be dosed daily, with daily INR monitoring per hospital protocol. Daily doses may vary from 0.5mg to 15mg by mouth, as determined by patient specific factors such as patient size, hepatic function, INR, concomitant medications, diet, or other factors. Based on these factors or others not listed, there may also be days in which the patient is prescribed to not get does not receive a dose of warfarin. After discharge from the hospital, warfarin dosing will be subsequently managed by an anticoagulation clinic, per established protocols. All patients will have a goal INR of 2-3 during the duration of the study. The duration of therapy will be at least 30 days. The patient's physician may determine that anticoagulation therapy should be continued after the study period, based on their examination of the patient at the 30-day post-operative examination. Warfarin: Study arm that patient can be randomized to. Warfarin therapy has been the mainstay of therapy for patients with POAF. While the duration of therapy is usually short (3-4 weeks), complications of anticoagulation do occur. Additionally, warfarin therapy for POAF is associated with increased length of stay, need for monitoring, and bleeding complications.
Time in Therapeutic Range of INR, if on Warfarin	—	56.8 percentage Standard Deviation 22.4

Adverse Events

Apixaban

Serious events: 1 serious events

Other events: 14 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Warfarin

Serious events: 1 serious events

Other events: 7 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Serious adverse events
Measure	Apixaban n=28 participants at risk Apixaban is to be dosed at 5 mg by mouth twice daily, except in the case of the criteria listed below in "dose modifications". The duration of therapy will be at least 30 days. The patient's physician may determine that anticoagulation therapy should be continued after the study period, based on their examination of the patient at the 30-day post-operative examination. Apixaban: Study arm that patient can be randomized to. Apixaban is a novel, orally active, potent, direct selective inhibitor of coagulation FXa that directly and reversibly binds to the active site of FXa and exerts anticoagulant and antithrombotic effects by diminishing the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin.	Warfarin n=28 participants at risk While patients are hospitalized, warfarin will be dosed daily, with daily INR monitoring per hospital protocol. Daily doses may vary from 0.5mg to 15mg by mouth, as determined by patient specific factors such as patient size, hepatic function, INR, concomitant medications, diet, or other factors. Based on these factors or others not listed, there may also be days in which the patient is prescribed to not get does not receive a dose of warfarin. After discharge from the hospital, warfarin dosing will be subsequently managed by an anticoagulation clinic, per established protocols. All patients will have a goal INR of 2-3 during the duration of the study. The duration of therapy will be at least 30 days. The patient's physician may determine that anticoagulation therapy should be continued after the study period, based on their examination of the patient at the 30-day post-operative examination. Warfarin: Study arm that patient can be randomized to. Warfarin therapy has been the mainstay of therapy for patients with POAF. While the duration of therapy is usually short (3-4 weeks), complications of anticoagulation do occur. Additionally, warfarin therapy for POAF is associated with increased length of stay, need for monitoring, and bleeding complications.
Blood and lymphatic system disorders required transfusions after discharge	3.6% 1/28 • Number of events 1 • 30 days post-discharge, a total of up to 30 days	0.00% 0/28 • 30 days post-discharge, a total of up to 30 days
Eye disorders Subconjunctival hemorrhage	0.00% 0/28 • 30 days post-discharge, a total of up to 30 days	3.6% 1/28 • Number of events 1 • 30 days post-discharge, a total of up to 30 days

Other adverse events

Other adverse events
Measure	Apixaban n=28 participants at risk Apixaban is to be dosed at 5 mg by mouth twice daily, except in the case of the criteria listed below in "dose modifications". The duration of therapy will be at least 30 days. The patient's physician may determine that anticoagulation therapy should be continued after the study period, based on their examination of the patient at the 30-day post-operative examination. Apixaban: Study arm that patient can be randomized to. Apixaban is a novel, orally active, potent, direct selective inhibitor of coagulation FXa that directly and reversibly binds to the active site of FXa and exerts anticoagulant and antithrombotic effects by diminishing the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin.	Warfarin n=28 participants at risk While patients are hospitalized, warfarin will be dosed daily, with daily INR monitoring per hospital protocol. Daily doses may vary from 0.5mg to 15mg by mouth, as determined by patient specific factors such as patient size, hepatic function, INR, concomitant medications, diet, or other factors. Based on these factors or others not listed, there may also be days in which the patient is prescribed to not get does not receive a dose of warfarin. After discharge from the hospital, warfarin dosing will be subsequently managed by an anticoagulation clinic, per established protocols. All patients will have a goal INR of 2-3 during the duration of the study. The duration of therapy will be at least 30 days. The patient's physician may determine that anticoagulation therapy should be continued after the study period, based on their examination of the patient at the 30-day post-operative examination. Warfarin: Study arm that patient can be randomized to. Warfarin therapy has been the mainstay of therapy for patients with POAF. While the duration of therapy is usually short (3-4 weeks), complications of anticoagulation do occur. Additionally, warfarin therapy for POAF is associated with increased length of stay, need for monitoring, and bleeding complications.
Blood and lymphatic system disorders required transfusions after anticoagulation while in hospital	7.1% 2/28 • Number of events 2 • 30 days post-discharge, a total of up to 30 days	3.6% 1/28 • Number of events 1 • 30 days post-discharge, a total of up to 30 days
Gastrointestinal disorders GI bleed requiring endoscopy	3.6% 1/28 • Number of events 1 • 30 days post-discharge, a total of up to 30 days	0.00% 0/28 • 30 days post-discharge, a total of up to 30 days
Vascular disorders Epistaxis requiring intervention	7.1% 2/28 • Number of events 2 • 30 days post-discharge, a total of up to 30 days	0.00% 0/28 • 30 days post-discharge, a total of up to 30 days
Vascular disorders Epistaxis not requiring intervention	3.6% 1/28 • Number of events 1 • 30 days post-discharge, a total of up to 30 days	0.00% 0/28 • 30 days post-discharge, a total of up to 30 days
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders Required thoracentesis	28.6% 8/28 • Number of events 8 • 30 days post-discharge, a total of up to 30 days	21.4% 6/28 • Number of events 6 • 30 days post-discharge, a total of up to 30 days

Additional Information

Todd Chapin PharmD

Sanford Health

Phone: 701-417-2351

Email: [email protected]

Results disclosure agreements

Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
Publication restrictions are in place

Restriction type: LTE60