Trial Outcomes & Findings for Pharmacists as Immunizers to Improve Coverage and Provider/Recipient Satisfaction (NCT NCT02868970)

Last Updated: 2024-12-16

Results Overview

A 2-year demonstration program was conducted in two Canadian provinces (New Brunswick and Nova Scotia). One community in each province served as the intervention community, where pharmacies were allocated to implement various strategies specifically designed for each of the target vaccines. One community in each province also served as the non-intervention community, where immunization practice continued unchanged. Vaccine uptake was compared using pharmacy-generated reports of the number of vaccine doses administered before (from September 2015 to August 2017) and during (September 2017 to November 2019) the intervention and between non-intervention and intervention pharmacies.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

PHASE4

Target enrollment

2404 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

At the time of vaccination, 1 day over two years from September 2017 to November 2019.

Results posted on

2024-12-16

Participant Flow

Pharmacies were recruited from four communities in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, Canada. One community in each province served as the intervention community, where community pharmacies were allocated to implement various strategies designed for each of the target vaccines. One community in each province also served as the non-intervention community, where immunization practice continued unchanged. Intervention and non-intervention pharmacies were assigned to each group rather than participants.

Unit of analysis: Pharmacies

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure	Intervention Communities One community in each Nova Scotia and New Brunswick served as the intervention site where pharmacists in the community pharmacies were allocated to implement various strategies specifically designed for each of the target vaccines (tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis (Tdap), high-dose influenza (HD flu), meningococcal B (4CMenB), meningococcal ACWY (MenACWY), travel health (hepatitis A \& B, typhoid fever), and herpes zoster vaccines). The pharmacists applied various strategies, which included: combining vaccinations with other services such as influenza vaccine seasonal campaigns, back to school pharmacy services, travel season and standard services; targeted patient outreach; promotion of immunization weeks; and social media messaging, signage, handouts, and bag stuffers to promote the study vaccines. Intervention pharmacies were provided with support materials and received background information and training about the vaccines through in-person and/or web-based video conferences.	Non-Intervention Communities One community in each Nova Scotia and New Brunswick served as the non-intervention site where immunization practice continued unchanged, and pharmacists would administer vaccines when requested or when deemed appropriate during routine care. Pharmacies in non-intervention communities continued their standard immunization practices without any study-related education, training, or outreach.
Overall Study STARTED	0 23	0 25
Overall Study COMPLETED	0 23	0 21
Overall Study NOT COMPLETED	0 0	0 4

Reasons for withdrawal

Withdrawal data not reported

Baseline Characteristics

Pharmacists as Immunizers to Improve Coverage and Provider/Recipient Satisfaction

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline data not reported

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: At the time of vaccination, 1 day over two years from September 2017 to November 2019.

Population: Information on the number of participants is not available (NA) because no participants were assigned to the arms/groups. Instead, pharmacies from the selected community in each province were assigned to each arm/group (intervention communities and non-intervention communities) rather than participants.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Non-Intervention Communities n=21 Pharmacies One community in each Nova Scotia and New Brunswick served as the non-intervention site where pharmacists used a passive recruitment approach for the online AEFI survey which involved displaying posters and study information sheets that contained a link for the survey patient self-registration page.	Pre-Intervention Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs and Behaviours (KABB) Surveys (Public) n=23 Pharmacies Before the 2-year demonstration program/intervention (pre-intervention), a cross-sectional online survey was launched to determine the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviours (KABB) of community-dwelling adult members of the public. The survey asked questions about the targeted vaccines and the delivery of vaccines by pharmacists and included a variety of yes/no, multiple choice and Likert scale-rating questions.
Number of Vaccines Administered by Participating Pharmacies in the Intervention and Non-intervention Communities Before and During the Intervention. Number of vaccines administered before the intervention (from September 2015 to August 2017)	5,011 Number of vaccines administered	3,093 Number of vaccines administered
Number of Vaccines Administered by Participating Pharmacies in the Intervention and Non-intervention Communities Before and During the Intervention. Number of vaccines administered during the intervention (September 2017 to November 2019)	5,922 Number of vaccines administered	6,149 Number of vaccines administered

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: At the time of survey recruitment, 1 day over the 5-month period the surveys remained open during the influenza seasons

Population: Participants are flu vaccine recipients from both the intervention and non-intervention communities recruited to participate in the survey. Once flu vaccine recipients signed up for the survey, they then received the consent and link to complete the survey, but it was up to their discretion whether they completed the survey. Results show the overall number who signed up for the survey through the active/passive approach, and then the number who decided to complete the survey from each community.

Recipients of a flu vaccine in the intervention communities were actively recruited to participate in the CANVAS survey by the intervention pharmacists who handed out information sheets and/or pointed to the QR code to sign up for the survey, while flu vaccine recipients in the non-intervention pharmacies were passively recruited through posters with the QR code displayed in waiting areas without telling them about the study. Note: For this secondary outcome, "recruited" means anyone who signed up for the survey but may not have necessarily completed the survey. The number of flu vaccine recipients who were actively recruited in the intervention pharmacies or passively recruited in the non-intervention pharmacies were compared to assess the effectiveness of the active versus passive recruitment approach.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Non-Intervention Communities n=13 Participants One community in each Nova Scotia and New Brunswick served as the non-intervention site where pharmacists used a passive recruitment approach for the online AEFI survey which involved displaying posters and study information sheets that contained a link for the survey patient self-registration page.	Pre-Intervention Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs and Behaviours (KABB) Surveys (Public) n=365 Participants Before the 2-year demonstration program/intervention (pre-intervention), a cross-sectional online survey was launched to determine the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviours (KABB) of community-dwelling adult members of the public. The survey asked questions about the targeted vaccines and the delivery of vaccines by pharmacists and included a variety of yes/no, multiple choice and Likert scale-rating questions.
Compare the Number of Flu Vaccine Recipients Who Were Recruited and Completed the Online AEFI Survey Among Intervention Pharmacies Using Active Recruitment Strategies and the Non-intervention Pharmacies Using Passive Recruitment Strategies.	8 Participants	221 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: At the time of survey administration, 1 day over the 9-month period each of the surveys remained open

Population: Participants are members of the public from the selected communities who completed the Pre- and Post-Intervention KABB Surveys. They were asked questions about their awareness of pharmacists as immunizers and their vaccination behaviour. There are 3 vaccination behaviour questions that are contingency questions based on the age of the participant and were only asked to those who fall within this age group, which explains why the number analyzed differs from the overall number of participants.

As part of the pre- and post-KABB surveys, participants were asked questions regarding their awareness about pharmacists as immunizers and their vaccination behaviour. Questions related to their awareness about pharmacists as immunizers were "Are you aware that many pharmacists are trained to administer vaccines? (Yes or No)" and "Which of the following vaccines are currently administered by pharmacists in a pharmacy? (Check all that apply)". Questions related to their vaccination behaviour were "Did you get or have you ever received... (the following vaccines)?" \[Note: Those who answered 'Yes' to these yes/no questions are presented below\]

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Non-Intervention Communities n=992 Participants One community in each Nova Scotia and New Brunswick served as the non-intervention site where pharmacists used a passive recruitment approach for the online AEFI survey which involved displaying posters and study information sheets that contained a link for the survey patient self-registration page.	Pre-Intervention Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs and Behaviours (KABB) Surveys (Public) n=985 Participants Before the 2-year demonstration program/intervention (pre-intervention), a cross-sectional online survey was launched to determine the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviours (KABB) of community-dwelling adult members of the public. The survey asked questions about the targeted vaccines and the delivery of vaccines by pharmacists and included a variety of yes/no, multiple choice and Likert scale-rating questions.
Determining the Awareness About Pharmacists as Immunizers and Vaccination Behaviours of the Targeted Public Using Pre-intervention and Post-intervention Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs and Behaviours (KABB) Surveys Awareness of pharmacists' ability to administer influenza vaccine	680 Participants	724 Participants
Determining the Awareness About Pharmacists as Immunizers and Vaccination Behaviours of the Targeted Public Using Pre-intervention and Post-intervention Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs and Behaviours (KABB) Surveys Get the influenza vaccine	610 Participants	510 Participants
Determining the Awareness About Pharmacists as Immunizers and Vaccination Behaviours of the Targeted Public Using Pre-intervention and Post-intervention Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs and Behaviours (KABB) Surveys Ever received Men C or Men ACWY vaccine	248 Participants	374 Participants
Determining the Awareness About Pharmacists as Immunizers and Vaccination Behaviours of the Targeted Public Using Pre-intervention and Post-intervention Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs and Behaviours (KABB) Surveys Ever received Men B vaccine (contingency question for participants between 18-24 years old)	123 Participants	160 Participants
Determining the Awareness About Pharmacists as Immunizers and Vaccination Behaviours of the Targeted Public Using Pre-intervention and Post-intervention Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs and Behaviours (KABB) Surveys Ever received Tdap vaccine	411 Participants	765 Participants
Determining the Awareness About Pharmacists as Immunizers and Vaccination Behaviours of the Targeted Public Using Pre-intervention and Post-intervention Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs and Behaviours (KABB) Surveys Ever received high-dose influenza vaccine (contingency question for participants 65 years or older)	12 Participants	4 Participants
Determining the Awareness About Pharmacists as Immunizers and Vaccination Behaviours of the Targeted Public Using Pre-intervention and Post-intervention Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs and Behaviours (KABB) Surveys Ever received vaccines for travel (hep A, hep B, typhoid vaccines)	530 Participants	NA Participants This question was not asked to participants during the pre-intervention KABB survey
Determining the Awareness About Pharmacists as Immunizers and Vaccination Behaviours of the Targeted Public Using Pre-intervention and Post-intervention Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs and Behaviours (KABB) Surveys Ever received herpes zoster (shingles) vaccine (contingency question for participants 50+)	100 Participants	NA Participants This question was not asked to participants during the pre-intervention KABB survey
Determining the Awareness About Pharmacists as Immunizers and Vaccination Behaviours of the Targeted Public Using Pre-intervention and Post-intervention Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs and Behaviours (KABB) Surveys Received all vaccines recommended for adults	421 Participants	501 Participants
Determining the Awareness About Pharmacists as Immunizers and Vaccination Behaviours of the Targeted Public Using Pre-intervention and Post-intervention Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs and Behaviours (KABB) Surveys Ever received a vaccination by a pharmacist in a pharmacy	557 Participants	384 Participants
Determining the Awareness About Pharmacists as Immunizers and Vaccination Behaviours of the Targeted Public Using Pre-intervention and Post-intervention Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs and Behaviours (KABB) Surveys Aware that pharmacists are trained to vaccinate	852 Participants	850 Participants
Determining the Awareness About Pharmacists as Immunizers and Vaccination Behaviours of the Targeted Public Using Pre-intervention and Post-intervention Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs and Behaviours (KABB) Surveys Awareness of pharmacists' ability to administer Tdap vaccine	122 Participants	166 Participants
Determining the Awareness About Pharmacists as Immunizers and Vaccination Behaviours of the Targeted Public Using Pre-intervention and Post-intervention Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs and Behaviours (KABB) Surveys Awareness of pharmacists' ability to administer Men ACWY vaccine	89 Participants	113 Participants
Determining the Awareness About Pharmacists as Immunizers and Vaccination Behaviours of the Targeted Public Using Pre-intervention and Post-intervention Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs and Behaviours (KABB) Surveys Awareness of pharmacists' ability to administer MenB vaccine	86 Participants	113 Participants
Determining the Awareness About Pharmacists as Immunizers and Vaccination Behaviours of the Targeted Public Using Pre-intervention and Post-intervention Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs and Behaviours (KABB) Surveys Awareness of pharmacists' ability to administer travel vaccines (hep A, hep B, typhoid vaccines)	327 Participants	NA Participants This question was not asked to participants during the pre-intervention KABB survey
Determining the Awareness About Pharmacists as Immunizers and Vaccination Behaviours of the Targeted Public Using Pre-intervention and Post-intervention Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs and Behaviours (KABB) Surveys Awareness of pharmacists' ability to administer herpes zoster (shingles)	249 Participants	NA Participants This question was not asked to participants during the pre-intervention KABB survey

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: At the time of survey administration, 1 day over the 9-month period each of the surveys remained open

Population: Participants are members of the public from the selected communities who completed the Pre- and Post-Intervention KABB Surveys. Participants were asked how much they agree/disagree with a list of statements about their attitudes and beliefs of pharmacists as immunizers \[those who answered 'agree' are provided\]. In the post-survey, some participants did not respond to the questions, which explains why the number of participants analyzed per row differs from the overall number of participants.

As part of the pre- and post-KABB surveys, participants were asked to indicate how much they agree/disagree with a list of statements about their attitudes and beliefs about pharmacists as immunizers: "Please indicate how much you agree or disagree with the following statements by clicking the box that best fits your opinion". \[Note: Those who answered 'agree' are presented below\].

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Non-Intervention Communities n=992 Participants One community in each Nova Scotia and New Brunswick served as the non-intervention site where pharmacists used a passive recruitment approach for the online AEFI survey which involved displaying posters and study information sheets that contained a link for the survey patient self-registration page.	Pre-Intervention Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs and Behaviours (KABB) Surveys (Public) n=985 Participants Before the 2-year demonstration program/intervention (pre-intervention), a cross-sectional online survey was launched to determine the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviours (KABB) of community-dwelling adult members of the public. The survey asked questions about the targeted vaccines and the delivery of vaccines by pharmacists and included a variety of yes/no, multiple choice and Likert scale-rating questions.
Determining the Attitudes and Beliefs of the Targeted Public About Pharmacists as Immunizers Using Pre-intervention and Post-intervention Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs, and Behaviours (KABB) Surveys I feel comfortable receiving my vaccines from a pharmacist	772 Participants	739 Participants
Determining the Attitudes and Beliefs of the Targeted Public About Pharmacists as Immunizers Using Pre-intervention and Post-intervention Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs, and Behaviours (KABB) Surveys I think pharmacists have enough training to give vaccines	780 Participants	756 Participants
Determining the Attitudes and Beliefs of the Targeted Public About Pharmacists as Immunizers Using Pre-intervention and Post-intervention Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs, and Behaviours (KABB) Surveys I would feel more comfortable receiving my vaccines in a pharmacy if my physician recommended it	337 Participants	458 Participants
Determining the Attitudes and Beliefs of the Targeted Public About Pharmacists as Immunizers Using Pre-intervention and Post-intervention Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs, and Behaviours (KABB) Surveys I would feel more comfortable receiving my vaccines in a pharmacy if a PH nurse recommended it	290 Participants	385 Participants
Determining the Attitudes and Beliefs of the Targeted Public About Pharmacists as Immunizers Using Pre-intervention and Post-intervention Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs, and Behaviours (KABB) Surveys I would get a vaccine if it was recommended by a doctor	772 Participants	NA Participants This question was not asked to participants during the pre-intervention KABB survey
Determining the Attitudes and Beliefs of the Targeted Public About Pharmacists as Immunizers Using Pre-intervention and Post-intervention Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs, and Behaviours (KABB) Surveys I would get a vaccine if it was recommended by a nurse	738 Participants	NA Participants This question was not asked to participants during the pre-intervention KABB survey
Determining the Attitudes and Beliefs of the Targeted Public About Pharmacists as Immunizers Using Pre-intervention and Post-intervention Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs, and Behaviours (KABB) Surveys I would get a vaccine if it was recommended by a pharmacist	692 Participants	NA Participants This question was not asked to participants during the pre-intervention KABB survey
Determining the Attitudes and Beliefs of the Targeted Public About Pharmacists as Immunizers Using Pre-intervention and Post-intervention Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs, and Behaviours (KABB) Surveys It is convenient for me to receive my vaccines from my pharmacist	717 Participants	696 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: At the time of survey administration, 1 day over the 9-month period each of the surveys remained open

Population: Participants are Healthcare Providers (pharmacists, physicians, nurses) in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick who completed the Pre- and Post-Intervention KABB Surveys. Healthcare providers were asked about their awareness of NACI recommendations and their vaccinating behaviour \[those who answered 'Yes' are provided\]. In the post-survey, some participants did not respond to the questions, which explains why the number of participants analyzed per row differs from the overall number of participants.

As part of the pre- and post-KABB surveys, healthcare providers were asked about their awareness of NACI recommendations and about their vaccinating behaviour. The questions for their awareness of NACI recommendations were "Are you aware that the Canadian guidelines (NACI) recommends/indicates (the following vaccines)". The questions about their vaccinating behaviour was "Do you offer/discuss/recommend (the following vaccines) according to NACI guidelines?" \[Note: Those who answered 'Yes' to these yes/no questions are presented below\]

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Non-Intervention Communities n=223 Participants One community in each Nova Scotia and New Brunswick served as the non-intervention site where pharmacists used a passive recruitment approach for the online AEFI survey which involved displaying posters and study information sheets that contained a link for the survey patient self-registration page.	Pre-Intervention Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs and Behaviours (KABB) Surveys (Public) n=204 Participants Before the 2-year demonstration program/intervention (pre-intervention), a cross-sectional online survey was launched to determine the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviours (KABB) of community-dwelling adult members of the public. The survey asked questions about the targeted vaccines and the delivery of vaccines by pharmacists and included a variety of yes/no, multiple choice and Likert scale-rating questions.
Determining the Awareness of the National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) Guidelines and the Vaccinating Behaviors of Healthcare Providers Through Pre-intervention and Post-intervention Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs and Behaviors (KABB) Surveys Awareness that NACI recommends that adults receive vaccine for protection against influenza	163 Participants	201 Participants
Determining the Awareness of the National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) Guidelines and the Vaccinating Behaviors of Healthcare Providers Through Pre-intervention and Post-intervention Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs and Behaviors (KABB) Surveys Awareness that NACI recommends that older adults (65+) receive a high-dose influenza vaccine	140 Participants	149 Participants
Determining the Awareness of the National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) Guidelines and the Vaccinating Behaviors of Healthcare Providers Through Pre-intervention and Post-intervention Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs and Behaviors (KABB) Surveys Awareness that NACI recommends healthy adolescents/young adults receive vaccine for MenACWY	133 Participants	152 Participants
Determining the Awareness of the National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) Guidelines and the Vaccinating Behaviors of Healthcare Providers Through Pre-intervention and Post-intervention Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs and Behaviors (KABB) Surveys Awareness that NACI recommends that adults receive vaccination for protection against whooping cough	143 Participants	163 Participants
Determining the Awareness of the National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) Guidelines and the Vaccinating Behaviors of Healthcare Providers Through Pre-intervention and Post-intervention Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs and Behaviors (KABB) Surveys Awareness that CATMAT recommends adults receive travel vaccines depending on where they travel	161 Participants	NA Participants This question was not asked to participants during the pre-intervention KABB survey
Determining the Awareness of the National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) Guidelines and the Vaccinating Behaviors of Healthcare Providers Through Pre-intervention and Post-intervention Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs and Behaviors (KABB) Surveys Discuss the option of receiving the MenB vaccine with eligible adolescents	50 Participants	41 Participants
Determining the Awareness of the National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) Guidelines and the Vaccinating Behaviors of Healthcare Providers Through Pre-intervention and Post-intervention Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs and Behaviors (KABB) Surveys Recommend that all adolescents who did not get the MenACWY vaccine through school get it	66 Participants	55 Participants
Determining the Awareness of the National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) Guidelines and the Vaccinating Behaviors of Healthcare Providers Through Pre-intervention and Post-intervention Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs and Behaviors (KABB) Surveys Routinely offer all eligible adults the Tdap vaccine	93 Participants	79 Participants
Determining the Awareness of the National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) Guidelines and the Vaccinating Behaviors of Healthcare Providers Through Pre-intervention and Post-intervention Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs and Behaviors (KABB) Surveys Offer all eligible adults travel vaccines (Hep A, Hep B, typhoid) according to CATMAT guidelines	121 Participants	NA Participants This question was not asked to participants during the pre-intervention KABB survey
Determining the Awareness of the National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) Guidelines and the Vaccinating Behaviors of Healthcare Providers Through Pre-intervention and Post-intervention Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs and Behaviors (KABB) Surveys Offer all eligible adults the shingles vaccines	132 Participants	NA Participants This question was not asked to participants during the pre-intervention KABB survey
Determining the Awareness of the National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) Guidelines and the Vaccinating Behaviors of Healthcare Providers Through Pre-intervention and Post-intervention Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs and Behaviors (KABB) Surveys Awareness that NACI indicates that healthy adolescents/young adults may receive vaccine for MenB	97 Participants	112 Participants
Determining the Awareness of the National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) Guidelines and the Vaccinating Behaviors of Healthcare Providers Through Pre-intervention and Post-intervention Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs and Behaviors (KABB) Surveys Awareness that NACI recommend that adults 50+ receive a vaccine for protection against shingles	139 Participants	NA Participants This question was not asked to participants during the pre-intervention KABB survey

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: At the time of survey administration, 1 day over the 9-month period each of the surveys remained open

Population: Participants are Healthcare Providers (pharmacists, physicians, nurses) in Nova Scotia \& New Brunswick who completed the Pre- and Post-Intervention KABB Surveys. They were asked about their attitudes and beliefs on pharmacists as immunizers. Some participants did not respond to these questions, which explains why the numbers analyzed differs from the overall numbers of participants. The statement "I would refer a patient to receive a vaccine from a pharmacist" was only asked to physician/nurses.

As part of the pre- and post-KABB surveys, healthcare providers were asked about their attitudes and beliefs about pharmacists as immunizers. The questions were: "Where do you think vaccines should be administered? (Check all that apply)" \[Note: those who selected 'family doctor's office', 'public health clinic', and/or 'pharmacy' as the locations are presented below\]; and "Please indicate how much you agree or disagree with the following statements by clicking the box that best fits your opinion?" \[Note: Those who answered 'agree' are presented below\].

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Non-Intervention Communities n=223 Participants One community in each Nova Scotia and New Brunswick served as the non-intervention site where pharmacists used a passive recruitment approach for the online AEFI survey which involved displaying posters and study information sheets that contained a link for the survey patient self-registration page.	Pre-Intervention Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs and Behaviours (KABB) Surveys (Public) n=204 Participants Before the 2-year demonstration program/intervention (pre-intervention), a cross-sectional online survey was launched to determine the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviours (KABB) of community-dwelling adult members of the public. The survey asked questions about the targeted vaccines and the delivery of vaccines by pharmacists and included a variety of yes/no, multiple choice and Likert scale-rating questions.
Determining the Attitudes and Beliefs of Healthcare Providers Regarding Pharmacists as Immunizers Using Pre-intervention and Post-intervention Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs, and Behaviours (KABB) Surveys Vaccines should be administered in family doctor's office	155 Participants	188 Participants
Determining the Attitudes and Beliefs of Healthcare Providers Regarding Pharmacists as Immunizers Using Pre-intervention and Post-intervention Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs, and Behaviours (KABB) Surveys Vaccines should be administered in public health clinic	179 Participants	197 Participants
Determining the Attitudes and Beliefs of Healthcare Providers Regarding Pharmacists as Immunizers Using Pre-intervention and Post-intervention Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs, and Behaviours (KABB) Surveys Vaccines should be administered in pharmacy	136 Participants	170 Participants
Determining the Attitudes and Beliefs of Healthcare Providers Regarding Pharmacists as Immunizers Using Pre-intervention and Post-intervention Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs, and Behaviours (KABB) Surveys I support the expansion of pharmacists' scope of practice to include provision of vaccines to adults	150 Participants	171 Participants
Determining the Attitudes and Beliefs of Healthcare Providers Regarding Pharmacists as Immunizers Using Pre-intervention and Post-intervention Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs, and Behaviours (KABB) Surveys I support the expansion of pharmacist scope of practice to include provision of vaccines to children	134 Participants	156 Participants
Determining the Attitudes and Beliefs of Healthcare Providers Regarding Pharmacists as Immunizers Using Pre-intervention and Post-intervention Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs, and Behaviours (KABB) Surveys Pharmacists should be allowed to vaccinate children under the age of 5 years old	95 Participants	66 Participants
Determining the Attitudes and Beliefs of Healthcare Providers Regarding Pharmacists as Immunizers Using Pre-intervention and Post-intervention Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs, and Behaviours (KABB) Surveys Pharmacists have enough training to administer vaccines	142 Participants	136 Participants
Determining the Attitudes and Beliefs of Healthcare Providers Regarding Pharmacists as Immunizers Using Pre-intervention and Post-intervention Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs, and Behaviours (KABB) Surveys I would refer a patient to receive a vaccine from a pharmacist at a pharmacy (physician/nurses only)	75 Participants	50 Participants

Adverse Events

Intervention Communities

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Non-Intervention Communities

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

Dr. Jennifer Isenor

Canadian Center for Vaccinology, Dalhousie University

Phone: 902-494-2378

Email: [email protected]

Results disclosure agreements

Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
Publication restrictions are in place