Trial Outcomes & Findings for Designing Food Voucher Programs to Reduce Disparities in Healthy Diets (NCT NCT02843178)
NCT ID: NCT02843178
Last Updated: 2019-08-28
Results Overview
Fruit and vegetable intake (measured in Cup-equivalents) at the end of month 6 of the trial, assessed by 24-hour dietary recall
Recruitment status
COMPLETED
Study phase
NA
Target enrollment
359 participants
Primary outcome timeframe
Baseline and Month 6
Results posted on
2019-08-28
Participant Flow
Participant milestones
| Measure |
1: Distributed, Targeted Vouchers
Participants receive four $5 vouchers each valid for a subsequent week of the month (i.e., one voucher valid for week 1 only, a second for week 2 only, a third for week 3 only, and a fourth for week 4 only), starting in month 1 and continuing every month through month 6. The voucher is restricted to pay for fruits and vegetables.
Vouchers: A voucher is given that can be used at the cashier of participating grocery stores, corner stores, and farmer's markets, enabling a participant to have the voucher's value subtracted from their grocery bill.
|
2: Lump Sum, Targeted Vouchers
Participants receive four $5 vouchers each valid for an entire month, starting in month 1 and continuing every month through month 6. The voucher is restricted to pay for fruits and vegetables.
Vouchers: A voucher is given that can be used at the cashier of participating grocery stores, corner stores, and farmer's markets, enabling a participant to have the voucher's value subtracted from their grocery bill.
|
3: Distributed, Untargeted Vouchers
Participants receive four $5 vouchers each valid for a subsequent week of the month (i.e., one voucher valid for week 1 only, a second for week 2 only, a third for week 3 only, and a fourth for week 4 only), starting in month 1 and continuing every month through month 6. The voucher can pay for any food but not tobacco, alcohol or prepared foods.
Vouchers: A voucher is given that can be used at the cashier of participating grocery stores, corner stores, and farmer's markets, enabling a participant to have the voucher's value subtracted from their grocery bill.
|
4: Lump Sum, Untargeted Vouchers
Participants receive four $5 vouchers each valid for an entire month, starting in month 1 and continuing every month through month 6. The voucher can pay for any food but not tobacco, alcohol or prepared foods.
Vouchers: A voucher is given that can be used at the cashier of participating grocery stores, corner stores, and farmer's markets, enabling a participant to have the voucher's value subtracted from their grocery bill.
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Overall Study
STARTED
|
86
|
90
|
92
|
91
|
|
Overall Study
COMPLETED
|
78
|
82
|
85
|
87
|
|
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
|
8
|
8
|
7
|
4
|
Reasons for withdrawal
| Measure |
1: Distributed, Targeted Vouchers
Participants receive four $5 vouchers each valid for a subsequent week of the month (i.e., one voucher valid for week 1 only, a second for week 2 only, a third for week 3 only, and a fourth for week 4 only), starting in month 1 and continuing every month through month 6. The voucher is restricted to pay for fruits and vegetables.
Vouchers: A voucher is given that can be used at the cashier of participating grocery stores, corner stores, and farmer's markets, enabling a participant to have the voucher's value subtracted from their grocery bill.
|
2: Lump Sum, Targeted Vouchers
Participants receive four $5 vouchers each valid for an entire month, starting in month 1 and continuing every month through month 6. The voucher is restricted to pay for fruits and vegetables.
Vouchers: A voucher is given that can be used at the cashier of participating grocery stores, corner stores, and farmer's markets, enabling a participant to have the voucher's value subtracted from their grocery bill.
|
3: Distributed, Untargeted Vouchers
Participants receive four $5 vouchers each valid for a subsequent week of the month (i.e., one voucher valid for week 1 only, a second for week 2 only, a third for week 3 only, and a fourth for week 4 only), starting in month 1 and continuing every month through month 6. The voucher can pay for any food but not tobacco, alcohol or prepared foods.
Vouchers: A voucher is given that can be used at the cashier of participating grocery stores, corner stores, and farmer's markets, enabling a participant to have the voucher's value subtracted from their grocery bill.
|
4: Lump Sum, Untargeted Vouchers
Participants receive four $5 vouchers each valid for an entire month, starting in month 1 and continuing every month through month 6. The voucher can pay for any food but not tobacco, alcohol or prepared foods.
Vouchers: A voucher is given that can be used at the cashier of participating grocery stores, corner stores, and farmer's markets, enabling a participant to have the voucher's value subtracted from their grocery bill.
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Overall Study
Lost to Follow-up
|
8
|
8
|
6
|
3
|
|
Overall Study
Withdrawal by Subject
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
Baseline Characteristics
Designing Food Voucher Programs to Reduce Disparities in Healthy Diets
Baseline characteristics by cohort
| Measure |
1: Distributed, Targeted Vouchers
n=86 Participants
Participants receive four $5 vouchers each valid for a subsequent week of the month (i.e., one voucher valid for week 1 only, a second for week 2 only, a third for week 3 only, and a fourth for week 4 only), starting in month 1 and continuing every month through month 6. The voucher is restricted to pay for fruits and vegetables.
Vouchers: A voucher is given that can be used at the cashier of participating grocery stores, corner stores, and farmer's markets, enabling a participant to have the voucher's value subtracted from their grocery bill.
|
2: Lump Sum, Targeted Vouchers
n=90 Participants
Participants receive four $5 vouchers each valid for an entire month, starting in month 1 and continuing every month through month 6. The voucher is restricted to pay for fruits and vegetables.
Vouchers: A voucher is given that can be used at the cashier of participating grocery stores, corner stores, and farmer's markets, enabling a participant to have the voucher's value subtracted from their grocery bill.
|
3: Distributed, Untargeted Vouchers
n=92 Participants
Participants receive four $5 vouchers each valid for a subsequent week of the month (i.e., one voucher valid for week 1 only, a second for week 2 only, a third for week 3 only, and a fourth for week 4 only), starting in month 1 and continuing every month through month 6. The voucher can pay for any food but not tobacco, alcohol or prepared foods.
Vouchers: A voucher is given that can be used at the cashier of participating grocery stores, corner stores, and farmer's markets, enabling a participant to have the voucher's value subtracted from their grocery bill.
|
4: Lump Sum, Untargeted Vouchers
n=91 Participants
Participants receive four $5 vouchers each valid for an entire month, starting in month 1 and continuing every month through month 6. The voucher can pay for any food but not tobacco, alcohol or prepared foods.
Vouchers: A voucher is given that can be used at the cashier of participating grocery stores, corner stores, and farmer's markets, enabling a participant to have the voucher's value subtracted from their grocery bill.
|
Total
n=359 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Age, Continuous
|
52.2 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.1 • n=5 Participants
|
50.7 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.4 • n=7 Participants
|
52.4 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 14.1 • n=5 Participants
|
50.9 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.5 • n=4 Participants
|
51.5 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.5 • n=21 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Female
|
56 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
60 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
61 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
57 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
234 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Male
|
30 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
30 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
31 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
34 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
125 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Hispanic or Latino
|
14 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
14 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
13 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
15 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
56 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Not Hispanic or Latino
|
72 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
76 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
79 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
76 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
303 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
|
2 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
4 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
9 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
|
17 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
17 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
13 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
14 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
61 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
|
24 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
24 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
21 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
21 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
90 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
|
35 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
28 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
40 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
39 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
142 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
|
2 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
8 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
8 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
7 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
25 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
|
6 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
11 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
5 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
8 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
30 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
|
Region of Enrollment
United States
|
86 participants
n=5 Participants
|
90 participants
n=7 Participants
|
92 participants
n=5 Participants
|
91 participants
n=4 Participants
|
359 participants
n=21 Participants
|
|
SNAP participation
|
22 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
26 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
26 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
25 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
99 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 6Fruit and vegetable intake (measured in Cup-equivalents) at the end of month 6 of the trial, assessed by 24-hour dietary recall
Outcome measures
| Measure |
1: Distributed, Targeted Vouchers
n=86 Participants
Participants receive four $5 vouchers each valid for a subsequent week of the month (i.e., one voucher valid for week 1 only, a second for week 2 only, a third for week 3 only, and a fourth for week 4 only), starting in month 1 and continuing every month through month 6. The voucher is restricted to pay for fruits and vegetables.
Vouchers: A voucher is given that can be used at the cashier of participating grocery stores, corner stores, and farmer's markets, enabling a participant to have the voucher's value subtracted from their grocery bill.
|
2: Lump Sum, Targeted Vouchers
n=90 Participants
Participants receive four $5 vouchers each valid for an entire month, starting in month 1 and continuing every month through month 6. The voucher is restricted to pay for fruits and vegetables.
Vouchers: A voucher is given that can be used at the cashier of participating grocery stores, corner stores, and farmer's markets, enabling a participant to have the voucher's value subtracted from their grocery bill.
|
3: Distributed, Untargeted Vouchers
n=92 Participants
Participants receive four $5 vouchers each valid for a subsequent week of the month (i.e., one voucher valid for week 1 only, a second for week 2 only, a third for week 3 only, and a fourth for week 4 only), starting in month 1 and continuing every month through month 6. The voucher can pay for any food but not tobacco, alcohol or prepared foods.
Vouchers: A voucher is given that can be used at the cashier of participating grocery stores, corner stores, and farmer's markets, enabling a participant to have the voucher's value subtracted from their grocery bill.
|
4: Lump Sum, Untargeted Vouchers
n=91 Participants
Participants receive four $5 vouchers each valid for an entire month, starting in month 1 and continuing every month through month 6. The voucher can pay for any food but not tobacco, alcohol or prepared foods.
Vouchers: A voucher is given that can be used at the cashier of participating grocery stores, corner stores, and farmer's markets, enabling a participant to have the voucher's value subtracted from their grocery bill.
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Change in Cup-equivalents of Fruit and Vegetable Intake From Baseline to Month 6
|
0.18 Change in Cup-equivalents, mo 0 to mo 6
Interval -0.004 to 0.36
|
0.08 Change in Cup-equivalents, mo 0 to mo 6
Interval -0.09 to 0.26
|
0.09 Change in Cup-equivalents, mo 0 to mo 6
Interval -0.09 to 0.26
|
0.04 Change in Cup-equivalents, mo 0 to mo 6
Interval -0.13 to 0.21
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 12Fruit and vegetable intake (measured in Cup-equivalents) at the end of month 12 of the trial (6 months after voucher program has ended), assessed by 24-hour dietary recall.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
1: Distributed, Targeted Vouchers
n=86 Participants
Participants receive four $5 vouchers each valid for a subsequent week of the month (i.e., one voucher valid for week 1 only, a second for week 2 only, a third for week 3 only, and a fourth for week 4 only), starting in month 1 and continuing every month through month 6. The voucher is restricted to pay for fruits and vegetables.
Vouchers: A voucher is given that can be used at the cashier of participating grocery stores, corner stores, and farmer's markets, enabling a participant to have the voucher's value subtracted from their grocery bill.
|
2: Lump Sum, Targeted Vouchers
n=90 Participants
Participants receive four $5 vouchers each valid for an entire month, starting in month 1 and continuing every month through month 6. The voucher is restricted to pay for fruits and vegetables.
Vouchers: A voucher is given that can be used at the cashier of participating grocery stores, corner stores, and farmer's markets, enabling a participant to have the voucher's value subtracted from their grocery bill.
|
3: Distributed, Untargeted Vouchers
n=92 Participants
Participants receive four $5 vouchers each valid for a subsequent week of the month (i.e., one voucher valid for week 1 only, a second for week 2 only, a third for week 3 only, and a fourth for week 4 only), starting in month 1 and continuing every month through month 6. The voucher can pay for any food but not tobacco, alcohol or prepared foods.
Vouchers: A voucher is given that can be used at the cashier of participating grocery stores, corner stores, and farmer's markets, enabling a participant to have the voucher's value subtracted from their grocery bill.
|
4: Lump Sum, Untargeted Vouchers
n=91 Participants
Participants receive four $5 vouchers each valid for an entire month, starting in month 1 and continuing every month through month 6. The voucher can pay for any food but not tobacco, alcohol or prepared foods.
Vouchers: A voucher is given that can be used at the cashier of participating grocery stores, corner stores, and farmer's markets, enabling a participant to have the voucher's value subtracted from their grocery bill.
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Change in Cup-equivalents of Fruit and Vegetable Intake From Baseline to Month 12
|
0.0316 Change in Cup-equivalents, mo 0 to mo 12
Interval -0.1529 to 0.2161
|
0.0180 Change in Cup-equivalents, mo 0 to mo 12
Interval -0.1655 to 0.2015
|
-0.0849 Change in Cup-equivalents, mo 0 to mo 12
Interval -0.2689 to 0.0991
|
0.2112 Change in Cup-equivalents, mo 0 to mo 12
Interval 0.0315 to 0.3909
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 6Healthy Eating Index (a composite metric of nutrition quality) estimated from 24-hour dietary recall. The scores range from 0 to 100. An ideal overall Healthy Eating Index score of 100 reflects that the set of foods aligns with key dietary recommendations from the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA).
Outcome measures
| Measure |
1: Distributed, Targeted Vouchers
n=86 Participants
Participants receive four $5 vouchers each valid for a subsequent week of the month (i.e., one voucher valid for week 1 only, a second for week 2 only, a third for week 3 only, and a fourth for week 4 only), starting in month 1 and continuing every month through month 6. The voucher is restricted to pay for fruits and vegetables.
Vouchers: A voucher is given that can be used at the cashier of participating grocery stores, corner stores, and farmer's markets, enabling a participant to have the voucher's value subtracted from their grocery bill.
|
2: Lump Sum, Targeted Vouchers
n=90 Participants
Participants receive four $5 vouchers each valid for an entire month, starting in month 1 and continuing every month through month 6. The voucher is restricted to pay for fruits and vegetables.
Vouchers: A voucher is given that can be used at the cashier of participating grocery stores, corner stores, and farmer's markets, enabling a participant to have the voucher's value subtracted from their grocery bill.
|
3: Distributed, Untargeted Vouchers
n=92 Participants
Participants receive four $5 vouchers each valid for a subsequent week of the month (i.e., one voucher valid for week 1 only, a second for week 2 only, a third for week 3 only, and a fourth for week 4 only), starting in month 1 and continuing every month through month 6. The voucher can pay for any food but not tobacco, alcohol or prepared foods.
Vouchers: A voucher is given that can be used at the cashier of participating grocery stores, corner stores, and farmer's markets, enabling a participant to have the voucher's value subtracted from their grocery bill.
|
4: Lump Sum, Untargeted Vouchers
n=91 Participants
Participants receive four $5 vouchers each valid for an entire month, starting in month 1 and continuing every month through month 6. The voucher can pay for any food but not tobacco, alcohol or prepared foods.
Vouchers: A voucher is given that can be used at the cashier of participating grocery stores, corner stores, and farmer's markets, enabling a participant to have the voucher's value subtracted from their grocery bill.
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Change in Healthy Eating Index From Baseline to Month 6
|
1.2 change in Index from mo 0 to mo 6
Interval -0.9 to 3.3
|
0.7 change in Index from mo 0 to mo 6
Interval -1.3 to 2.7
|
2.1 change in Index from mo 0 to mo 6
Interval 0.1 to 4.0
|
-0.3 change in Index from mo 0 to mo 6
Interval -2.3 to 1.7
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Months 1-6 of interventionPercent of vouchers utilized by participants in each study arm
Outcome measures
| Measure |
1: Distributed, Targeted Vouchers
n=86 Participants
Participants receive four $5 vouchers each valid for a subsequent week of the month (i.e., one voucher valid for week 1 only, a second for week 2 only, a third for week 3 only, and a fourth for week 4 only), starting in month 1 and continuing every month through month 6. The voucher is restricted to pay for fruits and vegetables.
Vouchers: A voucher is given that can be used at the cashier of participating grocery stores, corner stores, and farmer's markets, enabling a participant to have the voucher's value subtracted from their grocery bill.
|
2: Lump Sum, Targeted Vouchers
n=90 Participants
Participants receive four $5 vouchers each valid for an entire month, starting in month 1 and continuing every month through month 6. The voucher is restricted to pay for fruits and vegetables.
Vouchers: A voucher is given that can be used at the cashier of participating grocery stores, corner stores, and farmer's markets, enabling a participant to have the voucher's value subtracted from their grocery bill.
|
3: Distributed, Untargeted Vouchers
n=92 Participants
Participants receive four $5 vouchers each valid for a subsequent week of the month (i.e., one voucher valid for week 1 only, a second for week 2 only, a third for week 3 only, and a fourth for week 4 only), starting in month 1 and continuing every month through month 6. The voucher can pay for any food but not tobacco, alcohol or prepared foods.
Vouchers: A voucher is given that can be used at the cashier of participating grocery stores, corner stores, and farmer's markets, enabling a participant to have the voucher's value subtracted from their grocery bill.
|
4: Lump Sum, Untargeted Vouchers
n=91 Participants
Participants receive four $5 vouchers each valid for an entire month, starting in month 1 and continuing every month through month 6. The voucher can pay for any food but not tobacco, alcohol or prepared foods.
Vouchers: A voucher is given that can be used at the cashier of participating grocery stores, corner stores, and farmer's markets, enabling a participant to have the voucher's value subtracted from their grocery bill.
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Voucher Utilization Rate
|
66.8 Percent of vouchers utilized
Interval 61.6 to 72.0
|
81.8 Percent of vouchers utilized
Interval 76.6 to 86.9
|
67.8 Percent of vouchers utilized
Interval 62.8 to 72.9
|
80.4 Percent of vouchers utilized
Interval 75.4 to 85.5
|
OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome
Timeframe: Month 6Survey of how easy participants found it to use vouchers. This is a composite score ranging from 0 (hard) to 3 (easy) based on individual scores of 0 (hard) or 1 (easy) in response to three questions at month 6 (the questions are in the appendix), which assessed participants' understanding of how to use the vouchers, ability to determine which foods were redeemable, and ease of redeeming the voucher with a cashier.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
1: Distributed, Targeted Vouchers
n=86 Participants
Participants receive four $5 vouchers each valid for a subsequent week of the month (i.e., one voucher valid for week 1 only, a second for week 2 only, a third for week 3 only, and a fourth for week 4 only), starting in month 1 and continuing every month through month 6. The voucher is restricted to pay for fruits and vegetables.
Vouchers: A voucher is given that can be used at the cashier of participating grocery stores, corner stores, and farmer's markets, enabling a participant to have the voucher's value subtracted from their grocery bill.
|
2: Lump Sum, Targeted Vouchers
n=90 Participants
Participants receive four $5 vouchers each valid for an entire month, starting in month 1 and continuing every month through month 6. The voucher is restricted to pay for fruits and vegetables.
Vouchers: A voucher is given that can be used at the cashier of participating grocery stores, corner stores, and farmer's markets, enabling a participant to have the voucher's value subtracted from their grocery bill.
|
3: Distributed, Untargeted Vouchers
n=92 Participants
Participants receive four $5 vouchers each valid for a subsequent week of the month (i.e., one voucher valid for week 1 only, a second for week 2 only, a third for week 3 only, and a fourth for week 4 only), starting in month 1 and continuing every month through month 6. The voucher can pay for any food but not tobacco, alcohol or prepared foods.
Vouchers: A voucher is given that can be used at the cashier of participating grocery stores, corner stores, and farmer's markets, enabling a participant to have the voucher's value subtracted from their grocery bill.
|
4: Lump Sum, Untargeted Vouchers
n=91 Participants
Participants receive four $5 vouchers each valid for an entire month, starting in month 1 and continuing every month through month 6. The voucher can pay for any food but not tobacco, alcohol or prepared foods.
Vouchers: A voucher is given that can be used at the cashier of participating grocery stores, corner stores, and farmer's markets, enabling a participant to have the voucher's value subtracted from their grocery bill.
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Voucher Ease of Use Survey
|
2.87 score on a scale
Interval 2.75 to 2.99
|
2.72 score on a scale
Interval 2.6 to 2.83
|
2.56 score on a scale
Interval 2.45 to 2.68
|
2.58 score on a scale
Interval 2.47 to 2.69
|
OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome
Timeframe: Month 6Self-reported height by phone survey.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
1: Distributed, Targeted Vouchers
n=86 Participants
Participants receive four $5 vouchers each valid for a subsequent week of the month (i.e., one voucher valid for week 1 only, a second for week 2 only, a third for week 3 only, and a fourth for week 4 only), starting in month 1 and continuing every month through month 6. The voucher is restricted to pay for fruits and vegetables.
Vouchers: A voucher is given that can be used at the cashier of participating grocery stores, corner stores, and farmer's markets, enabling a participant to have the voucher's value subtracted from their grocery bill.
|
2: Lump Sum, Targeted Vouchers
n=90 Participants
Participants receive four $5 vouchers each valid for an entire month, starting in month 1 and continuing every month through month 6. The voucher is restricted to pay for fruits and vegetables.
Vouchers: A voucher is given that can be used at the cashier of participating grocery stores, corner stores, and farmer's markets, enabling a participant to have the voucher's value subtracted from their grocery bill.
|
3: Distributed, Untargeted Vouchers
n=92 Participants
Participants receive four $5 vouchers each valid for a subsequent week of the month (i.e., one voucher valid for week 1 only, a second for week 2 only, a third for week 3 only, and a fourth for week 4 only), starting in month 1 and continuing every month through month 6. The voucher can pay for any food but not tobacco, alcohol or prepared foods.
Vouchers: A voucher is given that can be used at the cashier of participating grocery stores, corner stores, and farmer's markets, enabling a participant to have the voucher's value subtracted from their grocery bill.
|
4: Lump Sum, Untargeted Vouchers
n=91 Participants
Participants receive four $5 vouchers each valid for an entire month, starting in month 1 and continuing every month through month 6. The voucher can pay for any food but not tobacco, alcohol or prepared foods.
Vouchers: A voucher is given that can be used at the cashier of participating grocery stores, corner stores, and farmer's markets, enabling a participant to have the voucher's value subtracted from their grocery bill.
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Self-reported Height Survey
|
65.64 inches
Interval 64.7 to 66.57
|
66.03 inches
Interval 65.14 to 66.91
|
66.14 inches
Interval 65.23 to 67.05
|
66.17 inches
Interval 64.43 to 66.91
|
OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 6, and Month 12This is the 6-item United States Department of Agriculture food security scale; the survey questions are in the appendix under "Main Survey." Each of the responses to the 6 questions were scored as a 1 or 0, depending of the particular question. The individual scores were then totaled, and individuals could receive a score anywhere from 0 indicating the most food security to 6 indicating the least food security. Then, the totaled individual 0 to 6 scores (fs\_total) were broken into two categories, 0-1 being food secure, and 2-6 being food insecure. The number of participants below reflects the total number of participants who were food secure (that is, scored fs\_total = 0-1) at Baseline, Month 6, and Month 12, respectively.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
1: Distributed, Targeted Vouchers
n=86 Participants
Participants receive four $5 vouchers each valid for a subsequent week of the month (i.e., one voucher valid for week 1 only, a second for week 2 only, a third for week 3 only, and a fourth for week 4 only), starting in month 1 and continuing every month through month 6. The voucher is restricted to pay for fruits and vegetables.
Vouchers: A voucher is given that can be used at the cashier of participating grocery stores, corner stores, and farmer's markets, enabling a participant to have the voucher's value subtracted from their grocery bill.
|
2: Lump Sum, Targeted Vouchers
n=90 Participants
Participants receive four $5 vouchers each valid for an entire month, starting in month 1 and continuing every month through month 6. The voucher is restricted to pay for fruits and vegetables.
Vouchers: A voucher is given that can be used at the cashier of participating grocery stores, corner stores, and farmer's markets, enabling a participant to have the voucher's value subtracted from their grocery bill.
|
3: Distributed, Untargeted Vouchers
n=92 Participants
Participants receive four $5 vouchers each valid for a subsequent week of the month (i.e., one voucher valid for week 1 only, a second for week 2 only, a third for week 3 only, and a fourth for week 4 only), starting in month 1 and continuing every month through month 6. The voucher can pay for any food but not tobacco, alcohol or prepared foods.
Vouchers: A voucher is given that can be used at the cashier of participating grocery stores, corner stores, and farmer's markets, enabling a participant to have the voucher's value subtracted from their grocery bill.
|
4: Lump Sum, Untargeted Vouchers
n=91 Participants
Participants receive four $5 vouchers each valid for an entire month, starting in month 1 and continuing every month through month 6. The voucher can pay for any food but not tobacco, alcohol or prepared foods.
Vouchers: A voucher is given that can be used at the cashier of participating grocery stores, corner stores, and farmer's markets, enabling a participant to have the voucher's value subtracted from their grocery bill.
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Food Security Survey
baseline
|
24 Participants
|
27 Participants
|
37 Participants
|
29 Participants
|
|
Food Security Survey
month 6
|
27 Participants
|
30 Participants
|
42 Participants
|
38 Participants
|
|
Food Security Survey
month 12
|
29 Participants
|
32 Participants
|
31 Participants
|
33 Participants
|
OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome
Timeframe: Month 6Self-reported weight by phone survey.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
1: Distributed, Targeted Vouchers
n=86 Participants
Participants receive four $5 vouchers each valid for a subsequent week of the month (i.e., one voucher valid for week 1 only, a second for week 2 only, a third for week 3 only, and a fourth for week 4 only), starting in month 1 and continuing every month through month 6. The voucher is restricted to pay for fruits and vegetables.
Vouchers: A voucher is given that can be used at the cashier of participating grocery stores, corner stores, and farmer's markets, enabling a participant to have the voucher's value subtracted from their grocery bill.
|
2: Lump Sum, Targeted Vouchers
n=90 Participants
Participants receive four $5 vouchers each valid for an entire month, starting in month 1 and continuing every month through month 6. The voucher is restricted to pay for fruits and vegetables.
Vouchers: A voucher is given that can be used at the cashier of participating grocery stores, corner stores, and farmer's markets, enabling a participant to have the voucher's value subtracted from their grocery bill.
|
3: Distributed, Untargeted Vouchers
n=92 Participants
Participants receive four $5 vouchers each valid for a subsequent week of the month (i.e., one voucher valid for week 1 only, a second for week 2 only, a third for week 3 only, and a fourth for week 4 only), starting in month 1 and continuing every month through month 6. The voucher can pay for any food but not tobacco, alcohol or prepared foods.
Vouchers: A voucher is given that can be used at the cashier of participating grocery stores, corner stores, and farmer's markets, enabling a participant to have the voucher's value subtracted from their grocery bill.
|
4: Lump Sum, Untargeted Vouchers
n=91 Participants
Participants receive four $5 vouchers each valid for an entire month, starting in month 1 and continuing every month through month 6. The voucher can pay for any food but not tobacco, alcohol or prepared foods.
Vouchers: A voucher is given that can be used at the cashier of participating grocery stores, corner stores, and farmer's markets, enabling a participant to have the voucher's value subtracted from their grocery bill.
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Self-reported Weight Survey
|
181.30 pounds
Interval 169.67 to 192.93
|
172.77 pounds
Interval 163.37 to 182.17
|
178.50 pounds
Interval 166.44 to 190.56
|
174.43 pounds
Interval 164.63 to 184.23
|
Adverse Events
1: Distributed, Targeted Vouchers
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
2: Lump Sum, Targeted Vouchers
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
3: Distributed, Untargeted Vouchers
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
4: Lump Sum, Untargeted Vouchers
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Serious adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Other adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Additional Information
Mandy Murphy Carroll, Study Coordinator
Stanford University
Phone: (650) 509-0004
Email: [email protected]
Results disclosure agreements
- Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
- Publication restrictions are in place