Trial Outcomes & Findings for Superior Vena Cava and Its Relationship to Central Venous Pressure Measurements in Liver Transplantation (NCT NCT02818218)
NCT ID: NCT02818218
Last Updated: 2025-08-07
Results Overview
Central Venous Pressure (CVP) reflects the amount of blood returning to the heart (venous return) and the ability of the heart to pump the blood into the arterial system. It was captured electronically via an automated record-keeping system. CVP were recorded by experienced anesthesiologists with expertise and qualifications in TEE at five key time points: before surgical incision, start of the preanhepatic phase, start of the anhepatic phase, start of the postanhepatic phase, and after closure of the deep fascial layer of the anterior abdominal wall. Low CVP (\< 2 mmHg) suggests hypovolemia, dehydration, or blood loss, while normal CVP (2-8 mmHg) indicates balanced fluid status. A high CVP (\> 8 mmHg) may indicate fluid overload, right heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, or cardiac tamponade.
COMPLETED
58 participants
From the time patients enter the operating room to leaving the operating room, up to 24 hours.
2025-08-07
Participant Flow
Participant milestones
| Measure |
Liver Transplantation Patients
We conducted a prospective, single-group, observational study in order to assess the correlation between the diameter of the superior vena cava (SVC) and the central venous pressure (CVP) in patients undergoing liver transplantation surgeries. Aside for the transthoracic echocardiogram necessary to measure the SVC, no additional treatments were applied to the patient population.
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|---|---|
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Overall Study
STARTED
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58
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Overall Study
COMPLETED
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58
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Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
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0
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Reasons for withdrawal
Withdrawal data not reported
Baseline Characteristics
Superior Vena Cava and Its Relationship to Central Venous Pressure Measurements in Liver Transplantation
Baseline characteristics by cohort
| Measure |
Liver Transplantation Patients
n=58 Participants
We conducted a prospective, single-group, observational study in order to assess the correlation between the diameter of the superior vena cava (SVC) and the central venous pressure (CVP) in patients undergoing liver transplantation surgeries. Aside for the transthoracic echocardiogram necessary to measure the SVC, no additional treatments were applied to the patient population.
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|---|---|
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Age, Continuous
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60 years
n=5 Participants
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Sex: Female, Male
Female
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17 Participants
n=5 Participants
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Sex: Female, Male
Male
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41 Participants
n=5 Participants
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Race/Ethnicity, Customized
White
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48 Participants
n=5 Participants
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Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Other
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10 Participants
n=5 Participants
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Current smoker
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26 Participants
n=5 Participants
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BMI
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29 kg/m2
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6 • n=5 Participants
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ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) physical status
3 (Severe systemic illness)
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3 Participants
n=5 Participants
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ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) physical status
4 (Life-threatening systemic illness)
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53 Participants
n=5 Participants
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ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) physical status
5 (Not expected to survive without the operation)
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2 Participants
n=5 Participants
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Alcoholic Cirrhosis
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18 Participants
n=5 Participants
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Primary Billary Cirrhosis
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1 Participants
n=5 Participants
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Hepatocellular Carcinoma
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17 Participants
n=5 Participants
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Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
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7 Participants
n=5 Participants
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Non-alcoholic Steatohepatosis (NASH)
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39 Participants
n=5 Participants
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Viral Cirrhosis
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16 Participants
n=5 Participants
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PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: From the time patients enter the operating room to leaving the operating room, up to 24 hours.Central Venous Pressure (CVP) reflects the amount of blood returning to the heart (venous return) and the ability of the heart to pump the blood into the arterial system. It was captured electronically via an automated record-keeping system. CVP were recorded by experienced anesthesiologists with expertise and qualifications in TEE at five key time points: before surgical incision, start of the preanhepatic phase, start of the anhepatic phase, start of the postanhepatic phase, and after closure of the deep fascial layer of the anterior abdominal wall. Low CVP (\< 2 mmHg) suggests hypovolemia, dehydration, or blood loss, while normal CVP (2-8 mmHg) indicates balanced fluid status. A high CVP (\> 8 mmHg) may indicate fluid overload, right heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, or cardiac tamponade.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Liver Transplantation Patients
n=275 Measurements
We conducted a prospective, single-group, observational study in order to assess the correlation between the diameter of the superior vena cava (SVC) and the central venous pressure (CVP) in patients undergoing liver transplantation surgeries. Aside for the transthoracic echocardiogram necessary to measure the SVC, no additional treatments were applied to the patient population.
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|---|---|
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Central Venous Pressure (CVP)
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11.7 mmHg
Standard Deviation 4.9
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PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: From the time patients enter the operating room to leaving the operating room, up to 24 hours.The Superior Vena Cava (SVC) Collapsibility Index is used to assess intravascular volume status and fluid responsiveness. The Superior Vena Cava (SVC) collapsibility index was obtained from (Maximum Diameter-Minimum Diameter)/(Maximum Diameter)\*100%. Central Venous Pressure (CVP) and SVC were recorded simultaneously by experienced anesthesiologists with expertise and qualifications in TEE at five key time points: before surgical incision, start of the preanhepatic phase, start of the anhepatic phase, start of the postanhepatic phase, and after closure of the deep fascial layer of the anterior abdominal wall. The interpretation of the SVC Collapsibility Index is categorized as follows: \< 20% indicates low collapsibility, suggesting adequate or high intravascular volume; 20-36% represents an indeterminate zone, requiring additional assessment to determine fluid responsiveness; and \> 36% reflects high collapsibility, suggesting hypovolemia or significant fluid deficit.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Liver Transplantation Patients
n=269 Measurements
We conducted a prospective, single-group, observational study in order to assess the correlation between the diameter of the superior vena cava (SVC) and the central venous pressure (CVP) in patients undergoing liver transplantation surgeries. Aside for the transthoracic echocardiogram necessary to measure the SVC, no additional treatments were applied to the patient population.
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Correlation of Central Venous Pressure (CVP) and Superior Vena Cava (SVC) Collapsibility Index
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26 index
Standard Deviation 11
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PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: From the time patients enter the operating room to leaving the operating room, up to 24 hours.The diameter of Superior Vena Cava (normal diameter: 12-22 mm) ) was obtained using transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Central Venous Pressure (CVP) and SVC were recorded simultaneously by experienced anesthesiologists with expertise and qualifications in TEE at five key time points: before surgical incision, start of the preanhepatic phase, start of the anhepatic phase, start of the postanhepatic phase, and after closure of the deep fascial layer of the anterior abdominal wall.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Liver Transplantation Patients
n=269 Measurements
We conducted a prospective, single-group, observational study in order to assess the correlation between the diameter of the superior vena cava (SVC) and the central venous pressure (CVP) in patients undergoing liver transplantation surgeries. Aside for the transthoracic echocardiogram necessary to measure the SVC, no additional treatments were applied to the patient population.
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|---|---|
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Correlation of Central Venous Pressure (CVP) and Minimum Diameter of Superior Vena Cava (SVC)
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12.8 mm
Standard Deviation 3.1
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PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: From the time patients enter the operating room to leaving the operating room, up to 24 hours.Population: maximum Superior Vena Cava (SVC)
The diameter of the Superior Vena Cava (normal diameter: 12-22 mm) ) was obtained using transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Central Venous Pressure (CVP) and SVC were recorded simultaneously by experienced anesthesiologists with expertise and qualifications in TEE at five key time points: before surgical incision, start of the preanhepatic phase, start of the anhepatic phase, start of the postanhepatic phase, and after closure of the deep fascial layer of the anterior abdominal wall.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Liver Transplantation Patients
n=269 Measurements
We conducted a prospective, single-group, observational study in order to assess the correlation between the diameter of the superior vena cava (SVC) and the central venous pressure (CVP) in patients undergoing liver transplantation surgeries. Aside for the transthoracic echocardiogram necessary to measure the SVC, no additional treatments were applied to the patient population.
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|---|---|
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Correlation of Central Venous Pressure (CVP) and Maximum Diameter of Superior Vena Cava (SVC)
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17.3 mm
Standard Deviation 3.2
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SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: From the time patients enter the operating room to leaving the operating room, up to 24 hours.The Cardiac Index measures the efficiency of the heart's pumping function (normal range: 2.6 to 4.2 L/min/m2). It was captured electronically via an automated record-keeping system. Cardiac Index was recorded by experienced anesthesiologists with expertise and qualifications in TEE at five key time points: before surgical incision, start of the preanhepatic phase, start of the anhepatic phase, start of the postanhepatic phase, and after closure of the deep fascial layer of the anterior abdominal wall.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Liver Transplantation Patients
n=269 Measurements
We conducted a prospective, single-group, observational study in order to assess the correlation between the diameter of the superior vena cava (SVC) and the central venous pressure (CVP) in patients undergoing liver transplantation surgeries. Aside for the transthoracic echocardiogram necessary to measure the SVC, no additional treatments were applied to the patient population.
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|---|---|
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Cardiac Index
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4.4 L/min/m2
Standard Deviation 1.5
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SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: From the time patients enter the operating room to leaving the operating room, up to 24 hours.The Superior Vena Cava (SVC) Collapsibility Index is used to assess intravascular volume status and fluid responsiveness. The Superior Vena Cava (SVC) collapsibility index was obtained from (Maximum Diameter-Minimum Diameter)/(Maximum Diameter)\*100%. Central Venous Pressure (CVP) and SVC were recorded simultaneously by experienced anesthesiologists with expertise and qualifications in TEE at five key time points: before surgical incision, start of the preanhepatic phase, start of the anhepatic phase, start of the postanhepatic phase, and after closure of the deep fascial layer of the anterior abdominal wall. The interpretation of the SVC Collapsibility Index is categorized as follows: \< 20% indicates low collapsibility, suggesting adequate or high intravascular volume; 20-36% represents an indeterminate zone, requiring additional assessment to determine fluid responsiveness; and \> 36% reflects high collapsibility, suggesting hypovolemia or significant fluid deficit.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Liver Transplantation Patients
n=269 Measurements
We conducted a prospective, single-group, observational study in order to assess the correlation between the diameter of the superior vena cava (SVC) and the central venous pressure (CVP) in patients undergoing liver transplantation surgeries. Aside for the transthoracic echocardiogram necessary to measure the SVC, no additional treatments were applied to the patient population.
|
|---|---|
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Correlation of Cardiac Index (CI) and Superior Vena Cava (SVC) Collapsibility Index
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26 index
Standard Deviation 11
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SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: From the time patients enter the operating room to leaving the operating room, up to 24 hours.The diameter of the Superior Vena Cava (normal diameter: 12-22 mm) ) was obtained using transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Cardiac Index and Superior Vena Cava (SVC) were recorded simultaneously by experienced anesthesiologists with expertise and qualifications in TEE at five key time points: before surgical incision, start of the preanhepatic phase, start of the anhepatic phase, start of the postanhepatic phase, and after closure of the deep fascial layer of the anterior abdominal wall.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Liver Transplantation Patients
n=269 Measurements
We conducted a prospective, single-group, observational study in order to assess the correlation between the diameter of the superior vena cava (SVC) and the central venous pressure (CVP) in patients undergoing liver transplantation surgeries. Aside for the transthoracic echocardiogram necessary to measure the SVC, no additional treatments were applied to the patient population.
|
|---|---|
|
Correlation of Cardiac Index (CI) and Minimum Diameter of Superior Vena Cava (SVC)
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12.8 mm
Standard Deviation 3.1
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SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: From the time patients enter the operating room to leaving the operating room, up to 24 hours.The diameter of the Superior Vena Cava (normal diameter: 12-22 mm) ) was obtained using transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Cardiac Index and Superior Vena Cava (SVC) were recorded simultaneously by experienced anesthesiologists with expertise and qualifications in TEE at five key time points: before surgical incision, start of the preanhepatic phase, start of the anhepatic phase, start of the postanhepatic phase, and after closure of the deep fascial layer of the anterior abdominal wall.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Liver Transplantation Patients
n=269 Measurements
We conducted a prospective, single-group, observational study in order to assess the correlation between the diameter of the superior vena cava (SVC) and the central venous pressure (CVP) in patients undergoing liver transplantation surgeries. Aside for the transthoracic echocardiogram necessary to measure the SVC, no additional treatments were applied to the patient population.
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|---|---|
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Correlation of Cardiac Index (CI) and Maximum Diameter of Superior Vena Cava (SVC)
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17.3 mm
Standard Deviation 3.2
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Adverse Events
Liver Transplantation Patients
Serious adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Other adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Additional Information
Results disclosure agreements
- Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
- Publication restrictions are in place