Trial Outcomes & Findings for Twitter and Diabetes (NCT NCT02806700)

Last Updated: 2024-10-21

Results Overview

The Patient Activation Measure (PAM) is a validated and reliable tool that assesses a person's ability to manage their health, using a 100-point total score scale and four activation levels. The total score ranges from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better outcomes-specifically, higher scores represent better outcomes. The overall score is summed from individual items, reflecting the level of activation and self-management ability. The four levels are: Level 1 (Score: 0-47.0): Lowest activation, indicating disengagement and lack of confidence in managing health. Level 2 (Score: 47.1-55.1): Some awareness of self-management but limited skills and confidence. Level 3 (Score: 55.2-67.0): Actively trying to manage health but inconsistent success. Level 4 (Score: 67.1-100): Highest activation, indicating confidence and proactive health management.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

Target enrollment

628 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

baseline and 6 months

Results posted on

2024-10-21

Participant Flow

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure	Twitter Diabetes Control This group will be identified as having diabetes from Twitter. This group will be contacted and asked to complete brief surveys	Twitter Diabetes Intervention This group will be identified as having diabetes from Twitter. This group will be contacted and asked to complete brief surveys. This group will be asked to use twitter for heart health ( e.g. tweeting, following, receiving tweets) Twitter Diabetes Intervention: This group will be asked to use twitter for heart health ( e.g. tweeting, following, receiving tweets)
Overall Study STARTED	316	312
Overall Study COMPLETED	226	252
Overall Study NOT COMPLETED	90	60

Reasons for withdrawal

Withdrawal data not reported

Baseline Characteristics

Twitter and Diabetes

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure	Twitter Diabetes Control n=316 Participants This group will be identified as having diabetes from Twitter. This group will be contacted and asked to complete brief surveys	Twitter Diabetes Intervention n=295 Participants This group will be identified as having diabetes from Twitter. This group will be contacted and asked to complete brief surveys. This group will be asked to use twitter for heart health ( e.g. tweeting, following, receiving tweets) Twitter Diabetes Intervention: This group will be asked to use twitter for heart health ( e.g. tweeting, following, receiving tweets)	Total n=611 Participants Total of all reporting groups
Age, Continuous	52.0 year STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.2 • n=5 Participants	52.0 year STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.2 • n=7 Participants	52.0 year STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.7 • n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Female	166 Participants n=5 Participants	179 Participants n=7 Participants	345 Participants n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Male	150 Participants n=5 Participants	116 Participants n=7 Participants	266 Participants n=5 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized Asian	5 Participants n=5 Participants	2 Participants n=7 Participants	7 Participants n=5 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized Black	108 Participants n=5 Participants	121 Participants n=7 Participants	229 Participants n=5 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized Latino/Spanish	6 Participants n=5 Participants	3 Participants n=7 Participants	9 Participants n=5 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized Other/unknown	7 Participants n=5 Participants	10 Participants n=7 Participants	17 Participants n=5 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized White	190 Participants n=5 Participants	159 Participants n=7 Participants	349 Participants n=5 Participants
Region of Enrollment United States · PA	247 Participants n=5 Participants	248 Participants n=7 Participants	495 Participants n=5 Participants
Region of Enrollment United States · NJ	53 Participants n=5 Participants	44 Participants n=7 Participants	97 Participants n=5 Participants
Region of Enrollment United States · Other	15 Participants n=5 Participants	3 Participants n=7 Participants	18 Participants n=5 Participants
Region of Enrollment United States · Missing	1 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	1 Participants n=5 Participants
Education College graduate	172 Participants n=5 Participants	156 Participants n=7 Participants	328 Participants n=5 Participants
Education High school or lower	34 Participants n=5 Participants	37 Participants n=7 Participants	71 Participants n=5 Participants
Education Some college	110 Participants n=5 Participants	102 Participants n=7 Participants	212 Participants n=5 Participants
Employment status Homemaker	15 Participants n=5 Participants	17 Participants n=7 Participants	32 Participants n=5 Participants
Employment status Student	3 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	3 Participants n=5 Participants
Employment status Employed	206 Participants n=5 Participants	181 Participants n=7 Participants	387 Participants n=5 Participants
Employment status Out of work	36 Participants n=5 Participants	44 Participants n=7 Participants	80 Participants n=5 Participants
Employment status Retired	56 Participants n=5 Participants	53 Participants n=7 Participants	109 Participants n=5 Participants
Annual household income > $100,000	111 Participants n=5 Participants	77 Participants n=7 Participants	188 Participants n=5 Participants
Annual household income $50,000 - 99,999	76 Participants n=5 Participants	95 Participants n=7 Participants	171 Participants n=5 Participants
Annual household income < $50,000	103 Participants n=5 Participants	102 Participants n=7 Participants	205 Participants n=5 Participants
Annual household income Missing	26 Participants n=5 Participants	21 Participants n=7 Participants	47 Participants n=5 Participants
US residence Yes	315 Participants n=5 Participants	295 Participants n=7 Participants	610 Participants n=5 Participants
US residence No	1 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	1 Participants n=5 Participants
Self-rating of health Fair	113 Participants n=5 Participants	110 Participants n=7 Participants	223 Participants n=5 Participants
Self-rating of health Good	160 Participants n=5 Participants	133 Participants n=7 Participants	293 Participants n=5 Participants
Self-rating of health Poor	17 Participants n=5 Participants	27 Participants n=7 Participants	44 Participants n=5 Participants
Self-rating of health Very good	25 Participants n=5 Participants	18 Participants n=7 Participants	43 Participants n=5 Participants
Self-rating of health Very poor	1 Participants n=5 Participants	7 Participants n=7 Participants	8 Participants n=5 Participants
Prior Twitter use No	98 Participants n=5 Participants	101 Participants n=7 Participants	199 Participants n=5 Participants
Prior Twitter use Yes	218 Participants n=5 Participants	194 Participants n=7 Participants	412 Participants n=5 Participants
BMI, mean	33.6 kg/m^2 STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.5 • n=5 Participants	35.0 kg/m^2 STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.0 • n=7 Participants	34.3 kg/m^2 STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.3 • n=5 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: baseline and 6 months

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Twitter Diabetes Control n=202 Participants This group will be identified as having diabetes from Twitter. This group will be contacted and asked to complete brief surveys	Twitter Diabetes Intervention n=129 Participants This group will be identified as having diabetes from Twitter. This group will be contacted and asked to complete brief surveys. This group will be asked to use twitter for heart health ( e.g. tweeting, following, receiving tweets) Twitter Diabetes Intervention: This group will be asked to use twitter for heart health ( e.g. tweeting, following, receiving tweets)
Change in Patient Activation Measure (PAM) Score From Baseline	3.4 score on a scale Standard Deviation 17.4	0.0 score on a scale Standard Deviation 20.7

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: baseline and 6 months

Initial systolic blood pressure (SBP) measurements were obtained from the electronic medical record (EMR). For the majority of patients, final blood pressure measurements (i.e., the 6-month measurement) were obtained in a five to eight month period after enrollment from a documented reading in the the EMR. For patients who did not have a documented SBP reading in the health system during this time period, we requested that patients either meet our team in person for a manual reading or provide a photograph from their mobile phone of the screen showing their SBP reading from a home blood pressure cuff, pharmacy machine, or doctor's office from outside of our health system.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Twitter Diabetes Control n=252 Participants This group will be identified as having diabetes from Twitter. This group will be contacted and asked to complete brief surveys	Twitter Diabetes Intervention n=226 Participants This group will be identified as having diabetes from Twitter. This group will be contacted and asked to complete brief surveys. This group will be asked to use twitter for heart health ( e.g. tweeting, following, receiving tweets) Twitter Diabetes Intervention: This group will be asked to use twitter for heart health ( e.g. tweeting, following, receiving tweets)
Change in Systolic Blood Pressure From Baseline	-19.8 mm Hg Standard Deviation 19.3	-18.5 mm Hg Standard Deviation 20.4

Adverse Events

Twitter Diabetes Control

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Twitter Diabetes Intervention

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

Director of Research

Center for Digital Health

Phone: 2674280125

Email: [email protected]

Results disclosure agreements

Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
Publication restrictions are in place