Health Literacy Intervention to Improve Diabetes Outcomes Among Rural Primary Care Patients

NCT ID: NCT02779556

Last Updated: 2021-12-15

Study Results

Results available

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Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

756 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2016-11-07

Study Completion Date

2020-02-12

Brief Summary

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The researchers will conduct a patient-randomized, pragmatic clinical trial among 6 rural PCMHs in Arkansas, targeting individuals with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes.

The primary aims are to:

1. test the effectiveness of the ACP diabetes health literacy intervention to improve a range of diabetes-related outcomes among rural patients;
2. compared to usual care, evaluate whether the intervention reduces disparities by patient literacy level.

The secondary aims are to:
3. investigate whether a threshold or gradient effect exists between the amount of follow-up counseling (number of action plans) and intervention effectiveness;
4. determine the fidelity of all intervention components, and explore any identified patient, provider (physician, nurse, health coach), and/or health system barriers to implementation; and
5. assess the costs associated with implementing the intervention from a health system perspective.

Detailed Description

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The investigators will test the effectiveness and fidelity of embedding the American College of Physicians (ACP) diabetes health literacy intervention among patient-centered medical homes throughout rural Arkansas. Proper diabetes self-care requires patients to have considerable knowledge, a range of skills, and to sustain multiple health behaviors. Self-management interventions are needed that have been designed for individuals with lower literacy skills, that can be readily implemented and sustained among rural clinics with limited resources that disproportionately care for patients with limited literacy. Researchers on the team developed an evidence-based, patient-centered, low literacy ACP intervention promoting diabetes self-care that includes:

1. a diabetes guide that uses plain language and descriptive photographs to teach core diabetes concepts and empower patients to initiate behavior change;
2. a brief counseling strategy to assist patients in developing short-term, explicit and attainable goals for behavior change ('action plans');
3. a training module for physicians, nurses, and medical assistants that prepares providers to assume educator/counselor roles with the Diabetes Guide as a teaching tool;
4. electronic tracking and monitoring tools for primary care practices.

While the intervention has previously been field tested and found to significantly improve patient knowledge, self-efficacy, and engagement in related health behaviors, it has not yet been comprehensively tested in practices, and its optimal implementation is not known. The investigators now have a unique opportunity to learn from prior evaluation, modify and disseminate an ACP health literacy intervention among patients with type 2 diabetes cared at rural clinics in Arkansas that are Patient-Centered Medical Homes (PCMH). These practices are embedding care coordination services that can be leveraged to improve chronic disease management. All are supervised by a new University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS) Center for Health Literacy. The investigators' revised intervention will blend outsourced and clinic-based approaches and redeploy health coaches for counseling self-management mostly via phone, but also at the point-of-care. This is a feasible way to reach rural, vulnerable patients. The investigators will conduct a patient-randomized, pragmatic clinical trial among 6 rural PCMHs in Arkansas, targeting individuals with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes.

The primary aims are to:

1. test the effectiveness of the ACP diabetes health literacy intervention to improve a range of diabetes-related outcomes among rural patients;
2. compared to usual care, evaluate whether the intervention reduces disparities by patient literacy level.

The secondary aims are to:
3. investigate whether a threshold or gradient effect exists between the amount of follow-up counseling (number of action plans) and intervention effectiveness;
4. determine the fidelity of all intervention components, and explore any identified patient, provider (physician, nurse, health coach), and/or health system barriers to implementation; and
5. assess the costs associated with implementing the intervention from a health system perspective.

Conditions

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Diabetes

Keywords

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Health Literacy Diabetes

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Enhanced Usual Care

ADA Living Well with Diabetes Workbook, 15 minute in-person counseling, follow-up every 3 months

Group Type OTHER

ADA Living Well with Diabetes Workbook

Intervention Type OTHER

American Diabetes Association (ADA) Living Well with Diabetes Workbook

Intervention

ACP Living with Diabetes Guide, 15 minute in-person counseling , 15 minute follow-up counseling (3, 6, and 9 months), monthly phone calls after 3 months

Group Type OTHER

ACP Living with Diabetes Guide

Intervention Type OTHER

American Colleges of Physicians (ACP) Living Well with Diabetes Guide

Interventions

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ACP Living with Diabetes Guide

American Colleges of Physicians (ACP) Living Well with Diabetes Guide

Intervention Type OTHER

ADA Living Well with Diabetes Workbook

American Diabetes Association (ADA) Living Well with Diabetes Workbook

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* 21 years of age or older
* English speaking
* active patient at regional family medical center study site
* confirmed diagnosis of type 2 diabetes as documented in the electronic health record
* recent Hemoglobin A1c reading of \>7.5% and less than or equal to 10%

Exclusion Criteria

* uncorrectable visual impairments
* hearing impairments
* cognitive impairments
Minimum Eligible Age

21 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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Northwestern University

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)

NIH

Sponsor Role collaborator

University of Arkansas

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Kristie Hadden, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of Arkansas

Locations

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UAMS Family Medical Center Northwest

Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States

Site Status

UAMS Family Medical Center Fort Smith

Fort Smith, Arkansas, United States

Site Status

UAMS Family Medical Center Jonesboro

Jonesboro, Arkansas, United States

Site Status

UAMS Family Medical Center Magnolia

Magnolia, Arkansas, United States

Site Status

UAMS Family Medical Center Pine Bluff

Pine Bluff, Arkansas, United States

Site Status

UAMS Family Medical Center Texarkana

Texarkana, Arkansas, United States

Site Status

Countries

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United States

Provided Documents

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Document Type: Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan

View Document

Document Type: Informed Consent Form

View Document

Other Identifiers

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1R01DK107572-01A1

Identifier Type: NIH

Identifier Source: secondary_id

View Link

204290

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id