Trial Outcomes & Findings for Development and Validation of a Daily Pain Catastrophizing Scale (NCT NCT02778555)

NCT ID: NCT02778555

Last Updated: 2019-06-27

Results Overview

The validation process involves identifying, of the original 14 PCS items, which items show the largest factor loadings to the underlying factor structure that fits the data best, using model fit indices that will determine appropriate fit of the statistical model to the data, as well as convergent validity with other relevant measures (pain intensity, depression, anxiety, anger), which is tested through the use of Pearson correlations. Metrics used to test the hypothesis: Intraclass correlations were used to establish variability. RMSEA, CFI, TLI, and WRMR as our goodness of fit indices for arriving at 3- and 5-item measures, and to compare the measures. Reliability was tested using α. Correlations between daily pain, mood, activity, sleep, and energy were tested using pearson coefficients. Intent was to measure correlations between the brief PCS and the PROMIS for validation sample 2, and correlations between the brief PCS and the PROMIS for validation sample 3.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Target enrollment

713 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

14 days

Results posted on

2019-06-27

Participant Flow

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
Validation Sample 1
In Sample 1 (N=186), our 14-item Daily PCS was administered daily for 14 days to replicate the 3-factor structure at the daily level, and to select the ideal 5 items for a brief Daily PCS.
Validation Sample 2
In Sample 2 (N=209), the 5-item Daily PCS was administered daily for 14 days with short forms for PROMIS Pain Intensity, Depression, Anger, and Anxiety included on days 1, 7, and 14.
Validation Sample 3
In Sample 3 (N=318), the 5-item Daily PCS was administered daily for 14 days with short forms for PROMIS Pain Intensity, Depression, Anger, and Anxiety included on days 1, 7, and 14. In addition, assessments of pain, mood, activity, sleep, energy level, and positive affect were administered daily for the 14-day period.
Overall Study
STARTED
186
209
318
Overall Study
COMPLETED
131
177
211
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
55
32
107

Reasons for withdrawal

Reasons for withdrawal
Measure
Validation Sample 1
In Sample 1 (N=186), our 14-item Daily PCS was administered daily for 14 days to replicate the 3-factor structure at the daily level, and to select the ideal 5 items for a brief Daily PCS.
Validation Sample 2
In Sample 2 (N=209), the 5-item Daily PCS was administered daily for 14 days with short forms for PROMIS Pain Intensity, Depression, Anger, and Anxiety included on days 1, 7, and 14.
Validation Sample 3
In Sample 3 (N=318), the 5-item Daily PCS was administered daily for 14 days with short forms for PROMIS Pain Intensity, Depression, Anger, and Anxiety included on days 1, 7, and 14. In addition, assessments of pain, mood, activity, sleep, energy level, and positive affect were administered daily for the 14-day period.
Overall Study
Withdrawal by Subject
55
32
107

Baseline Characteristics

Development and Validation of a Daily Pain Catastrophizing Scale

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
Validation Sample 1
n=131 Participants
In Sample 1 (N=186), our 14-item Daily PCS was administered daily for 14 days to replicate the 3-factor structure at the daily level, and to select the ideal 5 items for a brief Daily PCS.
Validation Sample 2
n=177 Participants
In Sample 2 (N=209), the 5-item Daily PCS was administered daily for 14 days with short forms for PROMIS Pain Intensity, Depression, Anger, and Anxiety included on days 1, 7, and 14.
Validation Sample 3
n=211 Participants
In Sample 3 (N=305), the 5-item Daily PCS was administered daily for 14 days with short forms for PROMIS Pain Intensity, Depression, Anger, and Anxiety included on days 1, 7, and 14. In addition, assessments of pain, mood, activity, sleep, energy level, and positive affect were administered daily for the 14-day period.
Total
n=519 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
Age, Customized
Median Categorical Age
55 years
n=5 Participants
55 years
n=7 Participants
45 years
n=5 Participants
52 years
n=4 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
109 Participants
n=5 Participants
122 Participants
n=7 Participants
186 Participants
n=5 Participants
417 Participants
n=4 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
22 Participants
n=5 Participants
55 Participants
n=7 Participants
25 Participants
n=5 Participants
102 Participants
n=4 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 14 days

The validation process involves identifying, of the original 14 PCS items, which items show the largest factor loadings to the underlying factor structure that fits the data best, using model fit indices that will determine appropriate fit of the statistical model to the data, as well as convergent validity with other relevant measures (pain intensity, depression, anxiety, anger), which is tested through the use of Pearson correlations. Metrics used to test the hypothesis: Intraclass correlations were used to establish variability. RMSEA, CFI, TLI, and WRMR as our goodness of fit indices for arriving at 3- and 5-item measures, and to compare the measures. Reliability was tested using α. Correlations between daily pain, mood, activity, sleep, and energy were tested using pearson coefficients. Intent was to measure correlations between the brief PCS and the PROMIS for validation sample 2, and correlations between the brief PCS and the PROMIS for validation sample 3.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Validation Sample 1
n=131 Participants
In Sample 1 (N=186), our 14-item Daily PCS was administered daily for 14 days to replicate the 3-factor structure at the daily level, and to select the ideal 5 items for a brief Daily PCS.
Validation Sample 2
n=177 Participants
In Sample 2 (N=209), the 5-item Daily PCS was administered daily for 14 days with short forms for PROMIS Pain Intensity, Depression, Anger, and Anxiety included on days 1, 7, and 14.
Validation Sample 3
n=211 Participants
In Sample 3 (N=318), the 5-item Daily PCS was administered daily for 14 days with short forms for PROMIS Pain Intensity, Depression, Anger, and Anxiety included on days 1, 7, and 14. In addition, assessments of pain, mood, activity, sleep, energy level, and positive affect were administered daily for the 14-day period.
Factor Analysis & PROMIS Correlation for Samples 2 & 3
PCS 3-item
NA Pearson Coefficients
First sample, no group to correlate as PCS
.990 Pearson Coefficients
NA Pearson Coefficients
Not correlated with PCS 3-item as PCS 5-item was used. Primary aim for Study 3 was to correlate daily constructs (pain intensity, sleep, energy, activity, depression, anxiety, anger, positive affect)
Factor Analysis & PROMIS Correlation for Samples 2 & 3
Pain Intensity (Daily Construct for Sample 3)
NA Pearson Coefficients
First sample, no group to correlate.
.581 Pearson Coefficients
.528 Pearson Coefficients
Factor Analysis & PROMIS Correlation for Samples 2 & 3
Depression (Daily Construct for Sample 3)
NA Pearson Coefficients
First sample, no group to correlate.
.441 Pearson Coefficients
.573 Pearson Coefficients
Factor Analysis & PROMIS Correlation for Samples 2 & 3
Anxiety (Daily Construct for Sample 3)
NA Pearson Coefficients
First sample, no group to correlate.
.378 Pearson Coefficients
.518 Pearson Coefficients
Factor Analysis & PROMIS Correlation for Samples 2 & 3
Anger (Daily Construct for Sample 3)
NA Pearson Coefficients
First sample, no group to correlate.
.548 Pearson Coefficients
.488 Pearson Coefficients

Adverse Events

Validation Sample 1

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Validation Sample 2

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Validation Sample 3

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

Dr. Beth Darnall, Clinical Associate Professor, Division of Pain Medicine

Stanford University

Phone: (650) 721-2104

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
  • Publication restrictions are in place