Study Results
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
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COMPLETED
PHASE3
330 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2016-05-23
2019-08-04
Brief Summary
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Detailed Description
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Many of the traditionally used drugs including fluoroquinolones are now resistant against enteric fever in south asia. Oral azithromycin is now commonly used to treat undifferentiated febrile illness and remains effective against enteric fever. Many physicians now also use co-trimoxazole as it was very commonly used in the treatment of enteric fever in the past. Resistance to co-trimoxazole emerged two decades ago, but has subsequently largely disappeared and nearly all Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi A strains from Nepal are now susceptible. Anecdotal reports claim that it seems to work very well against undifferentiated febrile illness in Nepal; it is largely stocked in government health facilities and is a popular and cheap treatment option.
Both azithromycin and co-trimoxazole are available in Nepal and are extensively used in the treatment of undifferentiated febrile illness. Therefore it is important to know the better oral option to treat enteric fever and other febrile illnesses and also to have an alternative oral treatment in case resistance to azithromycin emerges.
The investigators purpose to conduct a head to head, parallel group, 1:1, double blinded randomized controlled trial to compare azithromycin and co-trimoxazole for the treatment of undifferentiated febrile illness and determine the best empirical treatment for undifferentiated febrile illness in Nepal.
Conditions
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Keywords
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
PARALLEL
TREATMENT
QUADRUPLE
Study Groups
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Group A
Azithromycin tablets 20mg/kg/day for 7 days (Maximum dose 1000mg/day)
Azithromycin
Group B
Co-trimoxazole tablets (Trimethoprim 10 mg/kg+Sulphamethoxazole 50 mg/kg) in two divided doses everyday for 7 days (maximum 3000mg/day)
Co-trimoxazole
Interventions
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Azithromycin
Co-trimoxazole
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* ≥ 2 years and \<65 years of age
* Able to take tablets orally
* Patient residing in Kathmandu Valley
* Able to come for follow up
* Can be reached by telephone/mobile phone 24 hours a day.
* Written informed consent to participate in the study including assent for minors in addition to parental consent.
Exclusion Criteria
* Pregnancy
* Obtundation
* Shock
* Visible jaundice
* Presence of signs of gastrointestinal bleeding
* History of hypersensitivity to either of the trial drugs
* Patient requiring intravenous antibiotic or hospital admission for any reason.
* Contraindication of drug for any reason (e.g. drug interactions).
2 Years
65 Years
ALL
No
Sponsors
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University of Oxford
OTHER
Wellcome Trust
OTHER
Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Vietnam
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Principal Investigators
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Buddha Basnyat, MBBS,MSc,MD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
University of Oxford
Locations
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Nepal Civil Service Hospital
Kathmandu, , Nepal
Patan Hospital
Kathmandu, , Nepal
Countries
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References
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Crump JA, Kirk MD. Estimating the Burden of Febrile Illnesses. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015 Dec 3;9(12):e0004040. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004040. eCollection 2015 Dec. No abstract available.
Zimmerman MD, Murdoch DR, Rozmajzl PJ, Basnyat B, Woods CW, Richards AL, Belbase RH, Hammer DA, Anderson TP, Reller LB. Murine typhus and febrile illness, Nepal. Emerg Infect Dis. 2008 Oct;14(10):1656-9. doi: 10.3201/eid1410.080236.
Thompson CN, Blacksell SD, Paris DH, Arjyal A, Karkey A, Dongol S, Giri A, Dolecek C, Day N, Baker S, Thwaites G, Farrar J, Basnyat B. Undifferentiated febrile illness in Kathmandu, Nepal. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2015 Apr;92(4):875-878. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.14-0709. Epub 2015 Feb 9.
Koirala S, Basnyat B, Arjyal A, Shilpakar O, Shrestha K, Shrestha R, Shrestha UM, Agrawal K, Koirala KD, Thapa SD, Karkey A, Dongol S, Giri A, Shakya M, Pathak KR, Campbell J, Baker S, Farrar J, Wolbers M, Dolecek C. Gatifloxacin versus ofloxacin for the treatment of uncomplicated enteric fever in Nepal: an open-label, randomized, controlled trial. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2013 Oct 31;7(10):e2523. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002523. eCollection 2013.
Arjyal A , Basnyat B, Nhan HT, Koirala S, Giri A, Joshi N, et al. A randomised controlled trial of gatifloxacin versus ceftriaxone for the treatment of uncomplicated enteric fever in Nepal. Submitted. 2015;3099(15):1-11
Dolecek C, Tran TP, Nguyen NR, Le TP, Ha V, Phung QT, Doan CD, Nguyen TB, Duong TL, Luong BH, Nguyen TB, Nguyen TA, Pham ND, Mai NL, Phan VB, Vo AH, Nguyen VM, Tran TT, Tran TC, Schultsz C, Dunstan SJ, Stepniewska K, Campbell JI, To SD, Basnyat B, Nguyen VV, Nguyen VS, Nguyen TC, Tran TH, Farrar J. A multi-center randomised controlled trial of gatifloxacin versus azithromycin for the treatment of uncomplicated typhoid fever in children and adults in Vietnam. PLoS One. 2008 May 21;3(5):e2188. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002188.
Parry CM, Ho VA, Phuong le T, Bay PV, Lanh MN, Tung le T, Tham NT, Wain J, Hien TT, Farrar JJ. Randomized controlled comparison of ofloxacin, azithromycin, and an ofloxacin-azithromycin combination for treatment of multidrug-resistant and nalidixic acid-resistant typhoid fever. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007 Mar;51(3):819-25. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00447-06. Epub 2006 Dec 4.
Chinh NT, Parry CM, Ly NT, Ha HD, Thong MX, Diep TS, Wain J, White NJ, Farrar JJ. A randomized controlled comparison of azithromycin and ofloxacin for treatment of multidrug-resistant or nalidixic acid-resistant enteric fever. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2000 Jul;44(7):1855-9. doi: 10.1128/AAC.44.7.1855-1859.2000.
Chand HJ, Rijal KR, Neupane B, Sharma VK, Jha B. Re-emergence of susceptibility to conventional first line drugs in Salmonella isolates from enteric fever patients in Nepal. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2014 Nov 13;8(11):1483-7. doi: 10.3855/jidc.4228.
Pandit A, Arjyal A, Day JN, Paudyal B, Dangol S, Zimmerman MD, Yadav B, Stepniewska K, Campbell JI, Dolecek C, Farrar JJ, Basnyat B. An open randomized comparison of gatifloxacin versus cefixime for the treatment of uncomplicated enteric fever. PLoS One. 2007 Jun 27;2(6):e542. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0000542.
Arjyal A, Basnyat B, Koirala S, Karkey A, Dongol S, Agrawaal KK, Shakya N, Shrestha K, Sharma M, Lama S, Shrestha K, Khatri NS, Shrestha U, Campbell JI, Baker S, Farrar J, Wolbers M, Dolecek C. Gatifloxacin versus chloramphenicol for uncomplicated enteric fever: an open-label, randomised, controlled trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2011 Jun;11(6):445-54. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(11)70089-5. Epub 2011 Apr 29.
Giri A, Karkey A, Dangol S, Arjyal A, Pokharel S, Rijal S, Gajurel D, Sharma R, Lamsal K, Shrestha P, Prajapati G, Pathak S, Shrestha SR, K C RK, Pandey S, Thapa A, Shrestha N, Thapa RK, Poudyal B, Phuong DNT, Baker S, Kestelyn E, Geskus R, Thwaites G, Basnyat B. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole Versus Azithromycin for the Treatment of Undifferentiated Febrile Illness in Nepal: A Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trial. Clin Infect Dis. 2021 Oct 5;73(7):e1478-e1486. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1489.
Pokharel S, Basnyat B, Arjyal A, Mahat SP, Kc RK, Bhuju A, Poudyal B, Kestelyn E, Shrestha R, Phuong DNT, Thapa R, Karki M, Dongol S, Karkey A, Wolbers M, Baker S, Thwaites G. Co-trimoxazole versus azithromycin for the treatment of undifferentiated febrile illness in Nepal: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2017 Oct 2;18(1):450. doi: 10.1186/s13063-017-2199-6.
Other Identifiers
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18NP
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id