Trial Outcomes & Findings for CO-OPerative Training for Stroke Rehabilitation (NCT NCT02755805)

NCT ID: NCT02755805

Last Updated: 2017-11-06

Results Overview

Difference between groups in mean scores (computed from Functional Independence Measure total scores) over time were examined with mixed effects models. The Functional Independence Measure contains 18 items with a total score ranging from 18-126 is obtained (18=complete dependence/total assistance with basic self-care and mobility activities; 126=complete independence with basic self-care and mobility activities). Total scores were calculated at baseline, rehabilitation discharge, month 3, and month 6 for each participant, and mean total scores were calculated fro each group at each time point.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

NA

Target enrollment

30 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

Baseline, rehabilitation discharge, month 3, month 6

Results posted on

2017-11-06

Participant Flow

Recruitment period: July 2009 to June 2012. Participants with acute stroke were enrolled in inpatient rehabilitation at Mercy and Montefiore Hospital.

Excluded (n=30): * Insufficient cognitive impairment (n=15) * Mood/psychotic disorder (n=5) * Aphasia (n=3) * Recent drug/alcohol abuse (n=2) * Primary diagnosis not stroke (n=2) Withdrew prior to randomization (n=3) * Changed mind (n=1) * Family reasons (n=1) * Unexpected discharge (n=1)

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
CO-OP
Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP) is a strategy training approach that trains individuals to identify problems in the performance of their daily activities, develop strategies to address these problems, and monitor their own performance in the course of their daily routines. Participants use a workbook to support their application of the strategy training. CO-OP
Attention Control
The attention control intervention controls for the non-specific effects of strategy training. The therapists administer the standardized and dose-matched protocol, using scripted open-ended questions to facilitate participants' reflections on their rehabilitation activities and experiences. Participants complete a daily journal, merely reviewing their rehabilitation activities. Attention Control
Overall Study
STARTED
15
15
Overall Study
COMPLETED
13
11
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
2
4

Reasons for withdrawal

Reasons for withdrawal
Measure
CO-OP
Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP) is a strategy training approach that trains individuals to identify problems in the performance of their daily activities, develop strategies to address these problems, and monitor their own performance in the course of their daily routines. Participants use a workbook to support their application of the strategy training. CO-OP
Attention Control
The attention control intervention controls for the non-specific effects of strategy training. The therapists administer the standardized and dose-matched protocol, using scripted open-ended questions to facilitate participants' reflections on their rehabilitation activities and experiences. Participants complete a daily journal, merely reviewing their rehabilitation activities. Attention Control
Overall Study
Lost to Follow-up
1
2
Overall Study
Refused assessments
1
0
Overall Study
Withdrawal by Subject
0
2

Baseline Characteristics

CO-OPerative Training for Stroke Rehabilitation

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
CO-OP
n=15 Participants
Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP) is a strategy training approach that trains individuals to identify problems in the performance of their daily activities, develop strategies to address these problems, and monitor their own performance in the course of their daily routines. Participants use a workbook to support their application of the strategy training. CO-OP
Attention Control
n=15 Participants
The attention control intervention controls for the non-specific effects of strategy training. The therapists administer the standardized and dose-matched protocol, using scripted open-ended questions to facilitate participants' reflections on their rehabilitation activities and experiences. Participants complete a daily journal, merely reviewing their rehabilitation activities. Attention Control
Total
n=30 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
Age, Continuous
64.87 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 16.59 • n=5 Participants
71.80 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.19 • n=7 Participants
67.33 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 15.41 • n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
6 Participants
n=5 Participants
4 Participants
n=7 Participants
10 Participants
n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
9 Participants
n=5 Participants
11 Participants
n=7 Participants
20 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
White
12 participants
n=5 Participants
14 participants
n=7 Participants
26 participants
n=5 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
African American
3 participants
n=5 Participants
1 participants
n=7 Participants
4 participants
n=5 Participants
Region of Enrollment
United States
15 participants
n=5 Participants
15 participants
n=7 Participants
30 participants
n=5 Participants
Stroke onset
16.80 days
STANDARD_DEVIATION 15.58 • n=5 Participants
18.47 days
STANDARD_DEVIATION 21.29 • n=7 Participants
17.63 days
STANDARD_DEVIATION 18.35 • n=5 Participants
Stroke type
ischemic
10 participants
n=5 Participants
11 participants
n=7 Participants
21 participants
n=5 Participants
Stroke type
hemorrhagic
5 participants
n=5 Participants
4 participants
n=7 Participants
9 participants
n=5 Participants
Hemisphere
right
10 participants
n=5 Participants
10 participants
n=7 Participants
20 participants
n=5 Participants
Hemisphere
left
5 participants
n=5 Participants
5 participants
n=7 Participants
10 participants
n=5 Participants
Stroke severity, NIHSS (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale)
8.87 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.77 • n=5 Participants
5.87 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.72 • n=7 Participants
7.37 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.10 • n=5 Participants
Medical burden, CIRS (Cumulative Illness Rating Scale)
2.37 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION .47 • n=5 Participants
2.36 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION .57 • n=7 Participants
2.37 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.53 • n=5 Participants
Cognitive status, EXIT (Quick Executive Interview)
8.13 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.00 • n=5 Participants
9.31 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.54 • n=7 Participants
8.72 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.28 • n=5 Participants
Communication status, BDAE (Boston Diagnositic Aphasia Examination Severity Index)
4.27 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.03 • n=5 Participants
4.67 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION .62 • n=7 Participants
4.47 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.86 • n=5 Participants
Functional Independence Measure
65.27 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.85 • n=5 Participants
62.60 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 16.56 • n=7 Participants
63.93 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.82 • n=5 Participants
Inhibition, CWI (Color Word Interference)
4.85 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.10 • n=5 Participants
4.00 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.98 • n=7 Participants
4.39 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.50 • n=5 Participants
Cognitive flexibility, CWI (Color Word Interference)
3.69 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.36 • n=5 Participants
2.73 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.34 • n=7 Participants
3.18 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.36 • n=5 Participants
Depressive symptoms, HamD (Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression)
6.71 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.36 • n=5 Participants
6.75 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.53 • n=7 Participants
6.73 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.35 • n=5 Participants
Apathy, AES
25.79 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.62 • n=5 Participants
25.18 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.40 • n=7 Participants
25.52 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.29 • n=5 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, rehabilitation discharge, month 3, month 6

Difference between groups in mean scores (computed from Functional Independence Measure total scores) over time were examined with mixed effects models. The Functional Independence Measure contains 18 items with a total score ranging from 18-126 is obtained (18=complete dependence/total assistance with basic self-care and mobility activities; 126=complete independence with basic self-care and mobility activities). Total scores were calculated at baseline, rehabilitation discharge, month 3, and month 6 for each participant, and mean total scores were calculated fro each group at each time point.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
CO-OP
n=15 Participants
Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP) is a strategy training approach that trains individuals to identify problems in the performance of their daily activities, develop strategies to address these problems, and monitor their own performance in the course of their daily routines. Participants use a workbook to support their application of the strategy training. CO-OP
Attention Control
n=15 Participants
The attention control intervention controls for the non-specific effects of strategy training. The therapists administer the standardized and dose-matched protocol, using scripted open-ended questions to facilitate participants' reflections on their rehabilitation activities and experiences. Participants complete a daily journal, merely reviewing their rehabilitation activities. Attention Control
Difference in Independence With Activities of Daily Living (Functional Independence Measure) Between Groups Over Time
Baseline Scores
65.27 units on a scale
Standard Error 2.80
62.60 units on a scale
Standard Error 4.28
Difference in Independence With Activities of Daily Living (Functional Independence Measure) Between Groups Over Time
Discharge Scores
86.80 units on a scale
Standard Error 3.27
80.53 units on a scale
Standard Error 5.73
Difference in Independence With Activities of Daily Living (Functional Independence Measure) Between Groups Over Time
Month 3
109.69 units on a scale
Standard Error 2.61
91.23 units on a scale
Standard Error 7.48
Difference in Independence With Activities of Daily Living (Functional Independence Measure) Between Groups Over Time
Month 6
113.31 units on a scale
Standard Error 2.48
95.27 units on a scale
Standard Error 7.60

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, 3 months, 6 months

Difference mean scaled scores (Color Word Interference Inhibition Scale) between groups over time using mixed effects models. The Color Word Interference Inhibition Scale raw scores are converted to norm-referenced scaled scores adjusted for age and education. These scores are aligned with a population mean of 10, and standard deviation of 3. Higher scores indicate better executive function. Scaled scores were generated at baseline, month 3, and month 6 for each participant, and mean scaled scores were computed for each group at each time point.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
CO-OP
n=15 Participants
Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP) is a strategy training approach that trains individuals to identify problems in the performance of their daily activities, develop strategies to address these problems, and monitor their own performance in the course of their daily routines. Participants use a workbook to support their application of the strategy training. CO-OP
Attention Control
n=15 Participants
The attention control intervention controls for the non-specific effects of strategy training. The therapists administer the standardized and dose-matched protocol, using scripted open-ended questions to facilitate participants' reflections on their rehabilitation activities and experiences. Participants complete a daily journal, merely reviewing their rehabilitation activities. Attention Control
Difference in Executive Function- Inhibition, CWI (Color Word Interference Inhibition Scale)
Baseline Scores
4.85 units on a scale
Standard Error 1.14
4.00 units on a scale
Standard Error 0.77
Difference in Executive Function- Inhibition, CWI (Color Word Interference Inhibition Scale)
Month 3 Scores
8.73 units on a scale
Standard Error 3.00
4.40 units on a scale
Standard Error 1.37
Difference in Executive Function- Inhibition, CWI (Color Word Interference Inhibition Scale)
Month 6 Scores
8.20 units on a scale
Standard Error 1.13
3.67 units on a scale
Standard Error 1.11

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, 3 months, 6 months

Difference between groups in mean scaled scores (Color Word Interference Switching Scale) over time using mixed effects models. The Cognitive Flexibility Scale raw scores were converted to norm-referenced scaled scores adjusted for age and education. These scores are aligned with a population mean of 10, and standard deviation of 3. Higher scores indicate better executive function. Scaled scores were generated at baseline, month 3, and month 6 for each participant, and mean scaled scores were computed for each group at each time point.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
CO-OP
n=15 Participants
Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP) is a strategy training approach that trains individuals to identify problems in the performance of their daily activities, develop strategies to address these problems, and monitor their own performance in the course of their daily routines. Participants use a workbook to support their application of the strategy training. CO-OP
Attention Control
n=15 Participants
The attention control intervention controls for the non-specific effects of strategy training. The therapists administer the standardized and dose-matched protocol, using scripted open-ended questions to facilitate participants' reflections on their rehabilitation activities and experiences. Participants complete a daily journal, merely reviewing their rehabilitation activities. Attention Control
Difference in Executive Function - Cognitive Flexibility, CWI (Color Word Interference Switching Scale)
Baseline Scores
3.69 units on a scale
Standard Error 0.65
2.73 units on a scale
Standard Error 0.61
Difference in Executive Function - Cognitive Flexibility, CWI (Color Word Interference Switching Scale)
Month 3 Scores
8.82 units on a scale
Standard Error 0.81
3.00 units on a scale
Standard Error 0.93
Difference in Executive Function - Cognitive Flexibility, CWI (Color Word Interference Switching Scale)
Month 6 Scores
8.20 units on a scale
Standard Error 0.73
2.78 units on a scale
Standard Error 0.93

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, 3 months, 6 months

Difference in mean Apathy Evaluation Scale total scores were examined between groups over time using repeated measures fixed effects models. The Apathy Evaluation Scale measures lack of motivation or interest in goal-directed activities. The scale has 18 items yielding a total score of 18 (indicating absence of apathy) to 72 (indicating severe apathy). Total scores were generated for each participant at each time, and mean scores were computed for each group at each time point.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
CO-OP
n=15 Participants
Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP) is a strategy training approach that trains individuals to identify problems in the performance of their daily activities, develop strategies to address these problems, and monitor their own performance in the course of their daily routines. Participants use a workbook to support their application of the strategy training. CO-OP
Attention Control
n=15 Participants
The attention control intervention controls for the non-specific effects of strategy training. The therapists administer the standardized and dose-matched protocol, using scripted open-ended questions to facilitate participants' reflections on their rehabilitation activities and experiences. Participants complete a daily journal, merely reviewing their rehabilitation activities. Attention Control
Differences in Apathy Symptoms Between Groups Over Time
Baseline Scores
25.79 units on a scale
Standard Error 2.04
25.18 units on a scale
Standard Error 1.32
Differences in Apathy Symptoms Between Groups Over Time
Month 3 Scores
25.18 units on a scale
Standard Error 1.65
34.13 units on a scale
Standard Error 4.70
Differences in Apathy Symptoms Between Groups Over Time
Month 6 Scores
21.38 units on a scale
Standard Error 1.34
29.00 units on a scale
Standard Error 4.82

Adverse Events

CO-OP

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Attention Control

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

Elizabeth R. Skidmore, PhD, OTR/L, FAOTA

University of Pittsburgh

Phone: (412) 383-6617

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
  • Publication restrictions are in place