Trial Outcomes & Findings for Effectiveness Study of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Vaccines to Prevent Recurrence of Genital Warts (NCT NCT02750202)

NCT ID: NCT02750202

Last Updated: 2026-01-23

Results Overview

The number of participants in whom the size of the genital wart lesion(s) measured smaller at Week8, Week24 and Week60 as compared to their baseline measurement (all measured in mm).

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

PHASE3

Target enrollment

52 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

Baseline, week 8, 24, 60

Results posted on

2026-01-23

Participant Flow

Participants were recruited based on referral at two academic medical centers in South Africa between July 2018 and June 2021. First participant was enrolled on 20 July 2018 and the last participant was enrolled in June 2021

A total of 52 participants met the inclusion criteria and were randomized to treatment.

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
Quadrivalent HPV Vaccine
Three doses of 4 HPV vaccine is given at registered intervals. Quadrivalent HPV vaccine: Quadrivalent HPV vaccine doses administered intramuscular as 3 separate 0.5 ml doses at month 0, month 2 and month 6.
Hepatitis B Vaccine
Three doses of Hepatitis B vaccine is given at the same intervals as the quadrivalent HPV vaccine. Hepatitis B vaccine: Hepatitis B vaccine doses administered intramuscular as 3 separate 0.5 ml doses at month 0, month 2 and month 6.
Overall Study
STARTED
28
24
Overall Study
COMPLETED
25
23
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
3
1

Reasons for withdrawal

Reasons for withdrawal
Measure
Quadrivalent HPV Vaccine
Three doses of 4 HPV vaccine is given at registered intervals. Quadrivalent HPV vaccine: Quadrivalent HPV vaccine doses administered intramuscular as 3 separate 0.5 ml doses at month 0, month 2 and month 6.
Hepatitis B Vaccine
Three doses of Hepatitis B vaccine is given at the same intervals as the quadrivalent HPV vaccine. Hepatitis B vaccine: Hepatitis B vaccine doses administered intramuscular as 3 separate 0.5 ml doses at month 0, month 2 and month 6.
Overall Study
Lost to Follow-up
3
1

Baseline Characteristics

Race and Ethnicity were not collected from any participant.

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
Quadrivalent HPV Vaccine
n=28 Participants
Three doses of 4 HPV vaccine is given at registered intervals. Quadrivalent HPV vaccine: Quadrivalent HPV vaccine doses administered intramuscular as 3 separate 0.5 ml doses at month 0, month 2 and month 6.
Hepatitis B Vaccine
n=24 Participants
Three doses of Hepatitis B vaccine is given at the same intervals as the quadrivalent HPV vaccine. Hepatitis B vaccine: Hepatitis B vaccine doses administered intramuscular as 3 separate 0.5 ml doses at month 0, month 2 and month 6.
Total
n=52 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
Age, Continuous
36.9 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.96 • n=28 Participants
32.9 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.27 • n=24 Participants
35.0 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.3 • n=52 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
28 Participants
n=28 Participants
24 Participants
n=24 Participants
52 Participants
n=52 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
0 Participants
n=28 Participants
0 Participants
n=24 Participants
0 Participants
n=52 Participants
Race and Ethnicity Not Collected
0 Participants
Race and Ethnicity were not collected from any participant.
Self-reported tobacco smoking
2 Participants
n=28 Participants
5 Participants
n=24 Participants
7 Participants
n=52 Participants
Self-reported medical diseases
7 Participants
n=28 Participants
10 Participants
n=24 Participants
17 Participants
n=52 Participants
HIV-positivity
25 Participants
n=28 Participants
21 Participants
n=24 Participants
46 Participants
n=52 Participants
White cell count
6.1 cells x 10^9/l
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.95 • n=28 Participants
6.8 cells x 10^9/l
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.38 • n=24 Participants
6.4 cells x 10^9/l
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.18 • n=52 Participants
Haemoglobin
11.7 g/dl
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.58 • n=28 Participants
12.1 g/dl
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.31 • n=24 Participants
11.9 g/dl
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.48 • n=52 Participants
Platelet count
323 cells x 10^9 /l
STANDARD_DEVIATION 99.2 • n=28 Participants
331 cells x 10^9 /l
STANDARD_DEVIATION 73.0 • n=24 Participants
327 cells x 10^9 /l
STANDARD_DEVIATION 88.4 • n=52 Participants
Alkaline phosphatase (blood test)
94 U/l
STANDARD_DEVIATION 21.1 • n=28 Participants
88 U/l
STANDARD_DEVIATION 26.5 • n=24 Participants
91 U/l
STANDARD_DEVIATION 23.9 • n=52 Participants
Alanine transaminase (blood test)
23 U/l
STANDARD_DEVIATION 14.6 • n=28 Participants
20 U/l
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.8 • n=24 Participants
21 U/l
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.0 • n=52 Participants
Bilirubin total
6.5 µmol/l
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.2 • n=28 Participants
6.1 µmol/l
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.4 • n=24 Participants
6.3 µmol/l
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.3 • n=52 Participants
Total protein (blood test)
79 g/l
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.6 • n=28 Participants
80 g/l
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.9 • n=24 Participants
79 g/l
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.7 • n=52 Participants
Serum sodium
138 mmol/l
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.9 • n=28 Participants
138 mmol/l
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.6 • n=24 Participants
138 mmol/l
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.3 • n=52 Participants
Serum potassium
4.4 mmol/l
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.77 • n=28 Participants
4.4 mmol/l
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.95 • n=24 Participants
4.4 mmol/l
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.86 • n=52 Participants
Serum chloride
106 mmol/l
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.3 • n=28 Participants
105 mmol/l
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.9 • n=24 Participants
106 mmol/l
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.6 • n=52 Participants
Total serum carbon dioxide
22 mmol/l
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.1 • n=28 Participants
23 mmol/l
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.6 • n=24 Participants
23 mmol/l
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.9 • n=52 Participants
Serum urea
3.2 mmol/l
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.8 • n=28 Participants
3.7 mmol/l
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.5 • n=24 Participants
3.4 mmol/l
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.2 • n=52 Participants
Number of vulva lesions
1-5 lesions
7 Participants
n=28 Participants
5 Participants
n=24 Participants
12 Participants
n=52 Participants
Number of vulva lesions
6-10 lesions
6 Participants
n=28 Participants
7 Participants
n=24 Participants
13 Participants
n=52 Participants
Number of vulva lesions
11-15 lesions
7 Participants
n=28 Participants
3 Participants
n=24 Participants
10 Participants
n=52 Participants
Number of vulva lesions
15+ lesions
8 Participants
n=28 Participants
9 Participants
n=24 Participants
17 Participants
n=52 Participants
Diameter of largest vulva lesion
61 mm
STANDARD_DEVIATION 62 • n=28 Participants
81 mm
STANDARD_DEVIATION 184 • n=24 Participants
70 mm
STANDARD_DEVIATION 133 • n=52 Participants
Number of cervico-vaginal lesions (per category)
No visible lesion
10 Participants
n=28 Participants
12 Participants
n=24 Participants
22 Participants
n=52 Participants
Number of cervico-vaginal lesions (per category)
1-5 lesions
14 Participants
n=28 Participants
6 Participants
n=24 Participants
20 Participants
n=52 Participants
Number of cervico-vaginal lesions (per category)
6-10 lesions
1 Participants
n=28 Participants
1 Participants
n=24 Participants
2 Participants
n=52 Participants
Number of cervico-vaginal lesions (per category)
11-15 lesions
0 Participants
n=28 Participants
3 Participants
n=24 Participants
3 Participants
n=52 Participants
Number of cervico-vaginal lesions (per category)
15+ lesions
3 Participants
n=28 Participants
2 Participants
n=24 Participants
5 Participants
n=52 Participants
Diameter of largest cervico-vaginal lesion - estimated
15 mm
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10 • n=28 Participants
12 mm
STANDARD_DEVIATION 8 • n=24 Participants
14 mm
STANDARD_DEVIATION 9 • n=52 Participants
Cytology results (baseline)
Normal
9 Participants
n=28 Participants
5 Participants
n=24 Participants
14 Participants
n=52 Participants
Cytology results (baseline)
Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance (ASCUS) [slightly abnormal]
0 Participants
n=28 Participants
2 Participants
n=24 Participants
2 Participants
n=52 Participants
Cytology results (baseline)
Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (LSIL) [monitor for progression]
9 Participants
n=28 Participants
7 Participants
n=24 Participants
16 Participants
n=52 Participants
Cytology results (baseline)
High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (HSIL) [needs treatment]
10 Participants
n=28 Participants
10 Participants
n=24 Participants
20 Participants
n=52 Participants
Cervix HPV prevalence
High-risk HPV positive
23 Participants
n=28 Participants
16 Participants
n=24 Participants
39 Participants
n=52 Participants
Cervix HPV prevalence
Low-risk HPV positive
24 Participants
n=28 Participants
19 Participants
n=24 Participants
43 Participants
n=52 Participants
Vulvar HPV prevalence (baseline)
High-risk HPV positive
18 Participants
n=28 Participants
17 Participants
n=24 Participants
35 Participants
n=52 Participants
Vulvar HPV prevalence (baseline)
Low-risk HPV positive
25 Participants
n=28 Participants
21 Participants
n=24 Participants
46 Participants
n=52 Participants
Cervical histopathology (LLETZ biopsies)
Normal
0 Participants
n=8 Participants • Not all participants required LLETZ treatment
2 Participants
n=9 Participants • Not all participants required LLETZ treatment
2 Participants
n=17 Participants • Not all participants required LLETZ treatment
Cervical histopathology (LLETZ biopsies)
Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Grade 2 (CIN2) [moderately abnormal cells, needs treatment]
0 Participants
n=8 Participants • Not all participants required LLETZ treatment
4 Participants
n=9 Participants • Not all participants required LLETZ treatment
4 Participants
n=17 Participants • Not all participants required LLETZ treatment
Cervical histopathology (LLETZ biopsies)
Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Grade 3 (CIN3) [severely abnormal cells, needs treatment]
8 Participants
n=8 Participants • Not all participants required LLETZ treatment
3 Participants
n=9 Participants • Not all participants required LLETZ treatment
11 Participants
n=17 Participants • Not all participants required LLETZ treatment
Vulvar histopathology
Condylomata acuminata (genital warts - benign, better outcome)
14 Participants
n=28 Participants
12 Participants
n=24 Participants
26 Participants
n=52 Participants
Vulvar histopathology
Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia Grade 1 (VIN1, better outcome) [needs monitoring]
2 Participants
n=28 Participants
1 Participants
n=24 Participants
3 Participants
n=52 Participants
Vulvar histopathology
Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia grade 2 (VIN2, worse outcome) [needs treatment]
0 Participants
n=28 Participants
2 Participants
n=24 Participants
2 Participants
n=52 Participants
Vulvar histopathology
Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia 3 (VIN3, worse outcome) [needs treatment]
10 Participants
n=28 Participants
8 Participants
n=24 Participants
18 Participants
n=52 Participants
Vulvar histopathology
Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (worst outcome) [needs treatment]
4 Participants
n=28 Participants
1 Participants
n=24 Participants
5 Participants
n=52 Participants
Treatment type for vulvar lesions
Surgery and or cautery
19 Participants
n=28 Participants
20 Participants
n=24 Participants
39 Participants
n=52 Participants
Treatment type for vulvar lesions
Cryotherapy
1 Participants
n=28 Participants
2 Participants
n=24 Participants
3 Participants
n=52 Participants
Treatment type for vulvar lesions
Surgery followed by imiquimod
1 Participants
n=28 Participants
0 Participants
n=24 Participants
1 Participants
n=52 Participants
Treatment type for vulvar lesions
Imiquimod only
3 Participants
n=28 Participants
2 Participants
n=24 Participants
5 Participants
n=52 Participants
Treatment type for vulvar lesions
No treatment during trial
4 Participants
n=28 Participants
0 Participants
n=24 Participants
4 Participants
n=52 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, week 8, 24, 60

Population: Some participants were lost to follow up after Week 28

The number of participants in whom the size of the genital wart lesion(s) measured smaller at Week8, Week24 and Week60 as compared to their baseline measurement (all measured in mm).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Quadrivalent HPV Vaccine
n=28 Participants
Three doses of 4 HPV vaccine is given at registered intervals. Quadrivalent HPV vaccine: Quadrivalent HPV vaccine doses administered intramuscular as 3 separate 0.5 ml doses at month 0, month 2 and month 6.
Hepatitis B Vaccine
n=24 Participants
Three doses of Hepatitis B vaccine is given at the same intervals as the quadrivalent HPV vaccine. Hepatitis B vaccine: Hepatitis B vaccine doses administered intramuscular as 3 separate 0.5 ml doses at month 0, month 2 and month 6.
Change in the Maximum Size of the Genital Wart Lesion Over the Trial Period (as Measured in mm)
Week0 vs Week24
11 Participants
7 Participants
Change in the Maximum Size of the Genital Wart Lesion Over the Trial Period (as Measured in mm)
Week0 vs Week60
19 Participants
22 Participants
Change in the Maximum Size of the Genital Wart Lesion Over the Trial Period (as Measured in mm)
Week0 vs Week8
8 Participants
6 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Week 36+

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, week 72

Population: Only participants who were positive for HPV6 at baseline were assessed for possible conversion to HPV6-negative at Week 72

The number of participants who change from HPV 6 DNA positive in warts to HPV 6 DNA negative at week 72

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Quadrivalent HPV Vaccine
n=20 Participants
Three doses of 4 HPV vaccine is given at registered intervals. Quadrivalent HPV vaccine: Quadrivalent HPV vaccine doses administered intramuscular as 3 separate 0.5 ml doses at month 0, month 2 and month 6.
Hepatitis B Vaccine
n=21 Participants
Three doses of Hepatitis B vaccine is given at the same intervals as the quadrivalent HPV vaccine. Hepatitis B vaccine: Hepatitis B vaccine doses administered intramuscular as 3 separate 0.5 ml doses at month 0, month 2 and month 6.
Number of Participants Who Change From HPV 6 DNA Positive in Warts to Negative at Week 72
Number of participants HPV6 positive at W0 (wart lesion)
10 Participants
9 Participants
Number of Participants Who Change From HPV 6 DNA Positive in Warts to Negative at Week 72
Number of participants who changed from HPV6 positive at W0 to HPV6 negative at Week72 (wart lesion)
1 Participants
2 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, week 72

Population: Only participants who were positive for HPV11 at baseline were assessed for possible conversion to HPV11-negative at Week 72

The number of participants who change from HPV 11 DNA positive in warts to negative at week 72

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Quadrivalent HPV Vaccine
n=20 Participants
Three doses of 4 HPV vaccine is given at registered intervals. Quadrivalent HPV vaccine: Quadrivalent HPV vaccine doses administered intramuscular as 3 separate 0.5 ml doses at month 0, month 2 and month 6.
Hepatitis B Vaccine
n=21 Participants
Three doses of Hepatitis B vaccine is given at the same intervals as the quadrivalent HPV vaccine. Hepatitis B vaccine: Hepatitis B vaccine doses administered intramuscular as 3 separate 0.5 ml doses at month 0, month 2 and month 6.
Number of Participants Who Change From HPV 11 DNA Positive in Warts to Negative at Week 72
Number of participants HPV11 positive at W0 (wart lesion)
7 Participants
11 Participants
Number of Participants Who Change From HPV 11 DNA Positive in Warts to Negative at Week 72
Number of participants who changed from HPV11 positive at W0 to HPV11 negative at W72 (wart lesion)
1 Participants
2 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, week 60

Population: Only participants who were positive for HPV16 at baseline were assessed for possible conversion to HPV16-negative at Week 60

The number of participants who change from HPV 16 DNA positive at baseline to negative at week 60

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Quadrivalent HPV Vaccine
n=20 Participants
Three doses of 4 HPV vaccine is given at registered intervals. Quadrivalent HPV vaccine: Quadrivalent HPV vaccine doses administered intramuscular as 3 separate 0.5 ml doses at month 0, month 2 and month 6.
Hepatitis B Vaccine
n=21 Participants
Three doses of Hepatitis B vaccine is given at the same intervals as the quadrivalent HPV vaccine. Hepatitis B vaccine: Hepatitis B vaccine doses administered intramuscular as 3 separate 0.5 ml doses at month 0, month 2 and month 6.
Number of Participants Who Change From HPV 16 DNA Positive at Baseline to Negative at Week 60
Number of participants HPV16 positive at W0 (wart lesion)
8 Participants
7 Participants
Number of Participants Who Change From HPV 16 DNA Positive at Baseline to Negative at Week 60
Number of participants who changed from HPV16 positive at W0 to HPV16 negative at W60 (wart lesion)
2 Participants
1 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, week 60

Population: Only participants who were positive for HPV18 at baseline were assessed for possible conversion to HPV18-negative at Week 60

The number of participants who change from HPV 18 DNA positive at baseline to negative at week 60

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Quadrivalent HPV Vaccine
n=20 Participants
Three doses of 4 HPV vaccine is given at registered intervals. Quadrivalent HPV vaccine: Quadrivalent HPV vaccine doses administered intramuscular as 3 separate 0.5 ml doses at month 0, month 2 and month 6.
Hepatitis B Vaccine
n=21 Participants
Three doses of Hepatitis B vaccine is given at the same intervals as the quadrivalent HPV vaccine. Hepatitis B vaccine: Hepatitis B vaccine doses administered intramuscular as 3 separate 0.5 ml doses at month 0, month 2 and month 6.
Number of Participants Who Change From HPV 18 DNA Positive at Baseline to Negative at Week 60
Number of participants HPV18 positive at W0 (wart lesion)
3 Participants
2 Participants
Number of Participants Who Change From HPV 18 DNA Positive at Baseline to Negative at Week 60
Number of participants who changed from HPV18 positive at W0 to HPV18 negative at W60 (wart lesion)
0 Participants
2 Participants

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, week 48

Population: Number of participants who change from HIV negative at baseline to positive at week 48. Only HIV-negative participants were assessed at Week 48.

The number of participants who change from HIV negative at baseline to positive at week 48

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Quadrivalent HPV Vaccine
n=28 Participants
Three doses of 4 HPV vaccine is given at registered intervals. Quadrivalent HPV vaccine: Quadrivalent HPV vaccine doses administered intramuscular as 3 separate 0.5 ml doses at month 0, month 2 and month 6.
Hepatitis B Vaccine
n=24 Participants
Three doses of Hepatitis B vaccine is given at the same intervals as the quadrivalent HPV vaccine. Hepatitis B vaccine: Hepatitis B vaccine doses administered intramuscular as 3 separate 0.5 ml doses at month 0, month 2 and month 6.
Number of Participants Who Change From HIV Negative at Baseline to Positive at Week 48
Number of participants who were HIV-negative at baseline
3 Participants
3 Participants
Number of Participants Who Change From HIV Negative at Baseline to Positive at Week 48
The number of participants who changed from HIV negative at baseline to HIV-positive at week 48
0 Participants
0 Participants

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Week 24, 72

The number of participants who require surgical treatment of warts at any of the clinical assessments during the trial, as judged by the attending clinician.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Quadrivalent HPV Vaccine
n=28 Participants
Three doses of 4 HPV vaccine is given at registered intervals. Quadrivalent HPV vaccine: Quadrivalent HPV vaccine doses administered intramuscular as 3 separate 0.5 ml doses at month 0, month 2 and month 6.
Hepatitis B Vaccine
n=24 Participants
Three doses of Hepatitis B vaccine is given at the same intervals as the quadrivalent HPV vaccine. Hepatitis B vaccine: Hepatitis B vaccine doses administered intramuscular as 3 separate 0.5 ml doses at month 0, month 2 and month 6.
Number of Participants Who Require Surgical Treatment of Warts at Any of the Clinical Assessments During the Trial, as Judged by the Attending Clinician.
Require surgical treatment of warts at W28
21 Participants
18 Participants
Number of Participants Who Require Surgical Treatment of Warts at Any of the Clinical Assessments During the Trial, as Judged by the Attending Clinician.
Require surgical treatment of warts at W72
2 Participants
1 Participants

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Week 24, 72

The number of participants who require surgical treatment of cervical disease at any of the clinical assessments during the trial, as judged by the attending clinician.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Quadrivalent HPV Vaccine
n=28 Participants
Three doses of 4 HPV vaccine is given at registered intervals. Quadrivalent HPV vaccine: Quadrivalent HPV vaccine doses administered intramuscular as 3 separate 0.5 ml doses at month 0, month 2 and month 6.
Hepatitis B Vaccine
n=24 Participants
Three doses of Hepatitis B vaccine is given at the same intervals as the quadrivalent HPV vaccine. Hepatitis B vaccine: Hepatitis B vaccine doses administered intramuscular as 3 separate 0.5 ml doses at month 0, month 2 and month 6.
Number of Participants Who Require Surgical Treatment of Cervical Disease at Any of the Clinical Assessments During the Trial, as Judged by the Attending Clinician.
Need Large Loop Excision of the Transformation Zone (LLETZ) at Week24
10 Participants
10 Participants
Number of Participants Who Require Surgical Treatment of Cervical Disease at Any of the Clinical Assessments During the Trial, as Judged by the Attending Clinician.
Need Large Loop Excision of the Transformation Zone (LLETZ) at Week72
2 Participants
1 Participants

Adverse Events

Quadrivalent HPV Vaccine

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Hepatitis B Vaccine

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

Prof G Dreyer

University of Pretoria

Phone: +27123543900

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
  • Publication restrictions are in place

Restriction type: LTE60