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Ending Self Stigma for PTSD

NCT ID: NCT02734212

Last Updated: 2017-09-25

Study Results

Results available

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Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

57 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2015-11-30

Study Completion Date

2016-09-30

Brief Summary

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Veterans with PTSD report that stigma and fear of stigma have a chilling effect on their participation in mental health treatment. Despite the widely-documented effects of stigma on the recovery of individuals with mental illnesses and research demonstrating harmful consequences of internalized stigma, including decreased hope, self-esteem, personal motivation, and persistence regarding illness management, no interventions are currently available to assist Veterans with PTSD in combating the impact of internalized stigma. The goal of this research is to develop and pilot-test an intervention to provide Veterans with PTSD the skills to cope effectively with stigma and to mitigate the internalization of stigmatizing beliefs and stereotypes. To accomplish this purpose, Ending Self Stigma (ESS), an intervention composed of evidence-based methods for combating internalized stigma for serious mental illness, will be modified and tested to address issues particular to PTSD.

Detailed Description

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Stigma and fear of stigma are widespread among Veterans with PTSD and both have pernicious effects on Veterans' well-being and participation in mental health treatment. Internalized stigma is a harmful consequence of societal stigma, and has been associated with decreased hope, self-esteem, personal motivation, morale, self-regard, and persistence regarding illness management among individuals with a range of mental illnesses. Internalized stigma also has negative impacts on the recovery and well-being of Veterans with PTSD specifically, but no evidence-based interventions are currently available to assist Veterans with PTSD in combatting the impact of internalized stigma. Therefore, the purpose of this proposal is to develop and pilot-test an intervention to provide Veterans with PTSD the skills to cope effectively with stigma and to mitigate the internalization of stigmatizing beliefs and stereotypes. To that end, the investigators will modify Ending Self Stigma (ESS), an intervention composed of evidence-based strategies for combating internalized stigma for mental illness developed by the investigators' team, to specifically serve the needs of Veterans with PTSD.

This proposed project is composed of two phases. In Phase I, the investigators will produce an intervention and accompanying manual for the PTSD version of ESS (ESS-P), based upon the strategies and structure of the existing ESS intervention. To this end, the investigators will interview Veterans with a PTSD diagnosis to learn more about their experience with societal and internalized stigma associated with PTSD, plus other considerations and issues in addressing internalized stigma with such Veterans. Information gleaned in these qualitative interviews will form the basis of the investigators' adaption of the ESS intervention to specifically address the needs of Veterans with PTSD. In Phase II, the investigators will pilot-test ESS-P with Veterans who have PTSD, to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention. In addition, the investigators will preliminarily estimate the effects of ESS-P through comparison to a control group receiving only an informational brochure on internalized stigma associated with PTSD. These feasibility, implementation and pilot outcome data will be used to further refine the intervention, towards the goal of conducting a future larger scale study of ESS-P within the VA system.

Conditions

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Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

SINGLE

Outcome Assessors
Assessors were blind with regards to participants condition

Study Groups

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Ending Self-Stigma for PTSD

Ending Self Stigma for PTSD (ESS-P) is a 9-session small-group (6-8 persons) course designed to help individuals with PTSD develop skills to effectively cope with stigma and minimize the internalization of stigmatizing beliefs and stereotypes. Sessions combine in-class lecture, discussion of relevance to group members' personal experiences, review and practice of strategies and skills, and group sharing, support, and problem-solving. Each session is designed to focus on a specific strategy for addressing self-stigma.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Ending Self Stigma for PTSD

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Ending Self Stigma for PTSD (ESS-P) is a 9-session small-group (6-8 persons) course designed to help individuals with PTSD develop skills to effectively cope with stigma and minimize the internalization of stigmatizing beliefs and stereotypes. Sessions combine in-class lecture, discussion of relevance to group members' personal experiences, review and practice of strategies and skills, and group sharing, support, and problem-solving. Each session is designed to focus on a specific strategy for addressing self-stigma.

Enhanced Treatment as Usual

The comparison condition will consist of providing a pamphlet that discusses societal stigma and internalized stigma, and provides resources to help combat the effects of both. Participants will be given the informational pamphlet and study staff will discuss its content with the participant.

Group Type OTHER

Enhanced Treatment as Usual

Intervention Type OTHER

The comparison condition will consist of providing a pamphlet that discusses societal stigma and internalized stigma, and provides resources to help combat the effects of both. Participants will be given the informational pamphlet and study staff will discuss its content with the participant.

Interventions

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Ending Self Stigma for PTSD

Ending Self Stigma for PTSD (ESS-P) is a 9-session small-group (6-8 persons) course designed to help individuals with PTSD develop skills to effectively cope with stigma and minimize the internalization of stigmatizing beliefs and stereotypes. Sessions combine in-class lecture, discussion of relevance to group members' personal experiences, review and practice of strategies and skills, and group sharing, support, and problem-solving. Each session is designed to focus on a specific strategy for addressing self-stigma.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Enhanced Treatment as Usual

The comparison condition will consist of providing a pamphlet that discusses societal stigma and internalized stigma, and provides resources to help combat the effects of both. Participants will be given the informational pamphlet and study staff will discuss its content with the participant.

Intervention Type OTHER

Other Intervention Names

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ESS-P ETAU

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* a diagnosis of PTSD
* age between 18 and 70
* participation in mental health services at the VAMHCS
* sufficient clinical stability to participate

Exclusion Criteria

* a diagnosis of serious mental illness

* schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder
* bipolar disorder
* major depression with psychotic features
* participation in the Phase I qualitative study
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

70 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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VA Office of Research and Development

FED

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Amy L Drapalski, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Baltimore VA Medical Center VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD

Locations

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Baltimore VA Medical Center VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD

Baltimore, Maryland, United States

Site Status

Countries

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United States

References

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Drapalski AL, Aakre J, Brown CH, Romero E, Lucksted A. The Ending Self-Stigma for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (ESS-P) Program: Results of a Pilot Randomized Trial. J Trauma Stress. 2021 Feb;34(1):69-80. doi: 10.1002/jts.22593. Epub 2020 Oct 15.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 33058277 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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1I21RX001432-01

Identifier Type: NIH

Identifier Source: secondary_id

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D1432-P

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id