One Stage Versus Two Stage For Periprosthetic Hip And Knee Infection

NCT ID: NCT02734134

Last Updated: 2025-04-28

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

343 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2016-05-18

Study Completion Date

2026-01-31

Brief Summary

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The purpose of this study is to compare the outcomes of two different treatment options commonly used to manage periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), an infection around the artificial knee or hip.

Detailed Description

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Total joint arthroplasty (TJA) is a very common and successful procedure, and is expected to become more prevalent in the upcoming years. However, despite its success, TJA is associated with some complications, including periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). PJI is a devastating complication that is associated with marked patient morbidity and mortality and is an immense economic burden. Although the rate of PJI following a TJA is low, the burden is rising exponentially due to health complications and treatment costs. There are two common types of surgical treatments that can be used to treat chronic PJI, a two-stage exchange arthroplasty and a one-stage exchange arthroplasty. During a two-stage exchange arthroplasty, the implants are removed, infected tissues are debrided and a temporary antibiotic impregnated spacer fashioned from polymethylmethacrylate is placed (stage one). Afterwards the patient undergoes many weeks of intravenous antibiotics, followed by reimplantation at a later date (stage two). During the time between the first and second stage of the revision patients are often immobile, experience severe pain due to a lack of functioning joint, and may experience systemic toxicity associated with the administration of antibiotics. In a one stage exchange arthroplasty, the infected prosthesis is removed, infected tissues are debrided, and a new prosthesis is reimplanted during the same procedure.

While the two-stage exchange arthroplasty is the preferred method of treatment for chronic PJI in North America, the one-stage exchange arthroplasty is the method of choice in Europe and some centers have reported comparable results in terms of success for one-stage exchange to two-stage exchange arthroplasty. However, there has been no randomized, prospective, controlled study to date that compares one-stage exchange to two-stage exchange arthroplasty. Because of the lack of comparative outcome reports, and the perceived higher rate of failure of one-stage exchange arthroplasty, surgeons in North America prefer to perform the traditional two-stage exchange arthroplasty for management of chronic PJI. Several teams have succeeded in performing a one-stage exchange arthroplasty in selected patients, but this procedure has not gained much popularity in the US.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the outcome of one-stage and two-stage exchange arthroplasty for the management of patients with chronic PJI. The hypothesis of this study is that one-stage exchange arthroplasty, if performed in the appropriate patient population, carries a similar success rate for the treatment of chronic PJI as two-stage exchange arthroplasty and avoids many of the problems associated with two-stage exchange arthroplasty.

Conditions

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Surgical Site Infection

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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One-stage exchange

One surgery where the infected implants are removed and the hip or knee joint are 'washed out' before new joint replacement implants are re-implanted during the same surgical procedure.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

One-stage exchange joint replacement surgery

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Two-stage exchange

Two surgeries; during the first surgery the infected implants are removed and a spacer is placed in the hip or knee joint in place of the implants. A second surgery to re-implant the hip or knee joint replacement implants is performed if and when the infection has cleared.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Two-stage exchange joint replacement surgery

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Interventions

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One-stage exchange joint replacement surgery

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Two-stage exchange joint replacement surgery

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Patients \>18 years old
* Patients who speak English and are willing to sign the consent form
* Patients with chronic infection of a total knee or total hip arthroplasty, defined as:

* A sinus communicating with the prosthesis
* Two positive cultures obtained from the prosthesis
* 3 of 5 criteria: (i) Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (\>30mm/jr) and c-reactive protein (CRP) (\>10mg/L) (ii) Elevated synovial leukocyte count (\>3000 cells/µL) or change of ++ on leukocyte esterase strip (iii) Elevated synovial neutrophil percentage (\>80%) (iv) One positive culture (v) Positive histological analysis of periprosthetic tissue (\>5 neutrophils per high power field in 5 high power fields x400)
* Patients with a previous irrigation and debridement for periprosthetic infection

Exclusion Criteria

* Culture negative infections whereby the infecting organism has not identified
* Patients with systemic sepsis who require emergent surgery
* Patients with extensive soft tissue involvement that would preclude the closure of the wound after reimplantation, if the patient were to undergo the one-stage exchange
* Patients with acute PJI or acute hematogenous PJI, defined as:

* Presentation of systems \<4 weeks from index procedure
* Presentation of systems \<4 week duration
* Fungal infections
* Resistant organisms not sensitive to available IV antibiotics, oral antibiotics, or heat stable antibiotic additives to bone cement with documented elution characteristics
* Revision surgery or previous two-stage reimplant
* HIV positive patients or patients on chemotherapy
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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The Cleveland Clinic

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Hospital for Special Surgery, New York

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Rothman Institute at Thomas Jefferson University

UNKNOWN

Sponsor Role collaborator

Midwest Orthopaedics Rush University Medical Center

UNKNOWN

Sponsor Role collaborator

Vanderbilt University

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Emory University

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

University of Iowa

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Carilion Clinic

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

University of Southern California

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Ochsner Health System

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Cleveland Clinic Florida

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

University of Utah

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

University of California, San Francisco

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

OrthoCarolina Research Institute, Inc.

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Thomas K Fehring, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Attending Hip & Knee Surgeon

Locations

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Midwest Orthopaedics at Rush University Medical Center

Chicago, Illinois, United States

Site Status

Hospital for Special Surgery

New York, New York, United States

Site Status

OrthoCarolina Research Institue

Charlotte, North Carolina, United States

Site Status

Cleveland Clinic

Cleveland, Ohio, United States

Site Status

Rothman Institute at Thomas Jefferson University

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States

Site Status

Countries

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United States

References

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Zmistowski B, Karam JA, Durinka JB, Casper DS, Parvizi J. Periprosthetic joint infection increases the risk of one-year mortality. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2013 Dec 18;95(24):2177-84. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.L.00789.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 24352771 (View on PubMed)

Luu A, Syed F, Raman G, Bhalla A, Muldoon E, Hadley S, Smith E, Rao M. Two-stage arthroplasty for prosthetic joint infection: a systematic review of acute kidney injury, systemic toxicity and infection control. J Arthroplasty. 2013 Oct;28(9):1490-8.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2013.02.035. Epub 2013 Apr 8.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 23578491 (View on PubMed)

Nickinson RS, Board TN, Gambhir AK, Porter ML, Kay PR. The microbiology of the infected knee arthroplasty. Int Orthop. 2010 Apr;34(4):505-10. doi: 10.1007/s00264-009-0797-y. Epub 2009 May 21.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 19458950 (View on PubMed)

El Helou OC, Berbari EF, Marculescu CE, El Atrouni WI, Razonable RR, Steckelberg JM, Hanssen AD, Osmon DR. Outcome of enterococcal prosthetic joint infection: is combination systemic therapy superior to monotherapy? Clin Infect Dis. 2008 Oct 1;47(7):903-9. doi: 10.1086/591536.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 18754743 (View on PubMed)

Parvizi J, Zmistowski B, Adeli B. Periprosthetic joint infection: treatment options. Orthopedics. 2010 Sep 7;33(9):659. doi: 10.3928/01477447-20100722-42.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 20839679 (View on PubMed)

Parkinson RW, Kay PR, Rawal A. A case for one-stage revision in infected total knee arthroplasty? Knee. 2011 Jan;18(1):1-4. doi: 10.1016/j.knee.2010.04.008. Epub 2010 Aug 17.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 20719522 (View on PubMed)

von Foerster G, Kluber D, Kabler U. [Mid- to long-term results after treatment of 118 cases of periprosthetic infections after knee joint replacement using one-stage exchange surgery]. Orthopade. 1991 Jun;20(3):244-52. German.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 1876406 (View on PubMed)

Buechel FF, Femino FP, D'Alessio J. Primary exchange revision arthroplasty for infected total knee replacement: a long-term study. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 2004 Apr;33(4):190-8; discussion 198.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 15132327 (View on PubMed)

Singer J, Merz A, Frommelt L, Fink B. High rate of infection control with one-stage revision of septic knee prostheses excluding MRSA and MRSE. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2012 May;470(5):1461-71. doi: 10.1007/s11999-011-2174-6. Epub 2011 Nov 12.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 22081299 (View on PubMed)

Ure KJ, Amstutz HC, Nasser S, Schmalzried TP. Direct-exchange arthroplasty for the treatment of infection after total hip replacement. An average ten-year follow-up. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1998 Jul;80(7):961-8. doi: 10.2106/00004623-199807000-00004.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 9698000 (View on PubMed)

Leunig M, Chosa E, Speck M, Ganz R. A cement spacer for two-stage revision of infected implants of the hip joint. Int Orthop. 1998;22(4):209-14. doi: 10.1007/s002640050244.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 9795805 (View on PubMed)

Pattyn C, De Geest T, Ackerman P, Audenaert E. Preformed gentamicin spacers in two-stage revision hip arthroplasty: functional results and complications. Int Orthop. 2011 Oct;35(10):1471-6. doi: 10.1007/s00264-010-1172-8. Epub 2010 Nov 30.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 21116817 (View on PubMed)

Berend KR, Lombardi AV Jr, Morris MJ, Bergeson AG, Adams JB, Sneller MA. Two-stage treatment of hip periprosthetic joint infection is associated with a high rate of infection control but high mortality. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2013 Feb;471(2):510-8. doi: 10.1007/s11999-012-2595-x.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 22983683 (View on PubMed)

Diaz-Ledezma C, Higuera CA, Parvizi J. Success after treatment of periprosthetic joint infection: a Delphi-based international multidisciplinary consensus. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2013 Jul;471(7):2374-82. doi: 10.1007/s11999-013-2866-1. Epub 2013 Feb 26.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 23440616 (View on PubMed)

Berry DJ, Harmsen WS, Cabanela ME, Morrey BF. Twenty-five-year survivorship of two thousand consecutive primary Charnley total hip replacements: factors affecting survivorship of acetabular and femoral components. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2002 Feb;84(2):171-7. doi: 10.2106/00004623-200202000-00002.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 11861721 (View on PubMed)

Daigle ME, Weinstein AM, Katz JN, Losina E. The cost-effectiveness of total joint arthroplasty: a systematic review of published literature. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2012 Oct;26(5):649-58. doi: 10.1016/j.berh.2012.07.013.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 23218429 (View on PubMed)

Aggarwal VK, Rasouli MR, Parvizi J. Periprosthetic joint infection: Current concept. Indian J Orthop. 2013 Jan;47(1):10-7. doi: 10.4103/0019-5413.106884.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 23531512 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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1106

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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