Gynaecological Speculum Examination: Straight Horizontal Insertion Versus Vertical Insertion and Rotation.

NCT ID: NCT02708615

Last Updated: 2023-12-18

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: COMPLETED
• Clinical Phase: NA
• Total Enrollment: 41 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2015-11-27
• Study Completion Date: 2021-11-27

Brief Summary

This study compares two different types of speculum insertion to determine the level of discomfort they might cause. This study compares the straight horizontal insertion (SHI) of the speculum and the vertical insertion and rotation (VIR).

Participants are randomly assigned to one of the two insertion groups and are not told which group they are in until the examination is over. Participants rate their level of discomfort immediately after insertion of the speculum.

Basic demographic information (e.g., age, ethnicity, number of vaginal deliveries, menopausal status, etc.) and clinical information are also collected to determine if other factors influence the level of discomfort experienced.

*NOTE* This is NOT a paid study.

Detailed Description

In most medical schools around the world, speculum examination is taught using a bivalved speculum, since this is the type of speculum most commonly used in clinical practice. Due to the oval shape of the vulva, and the alignment of the labia majora and minora, the aperture of vaginal introitus is commonly perceived to have a vertical orientation. In reality however, the vaginal introitus is round and the vagina itself has more of a horizontal orientation: the anterior and posterior vaginal walls are opposed, and the sidewalls only become apparent once the anterior and posterior walls are separated. Nevertheless, the most common way of teaching the speculum examination worldwide is to introduce the speculum in a vertical orientation and then once it is successfully inserted into the vagina to rotate it 90° into a horizontal position. Once it is correctly positioned, it is slowly opened to visualize the vaginal epithelium and the cervix. However, in clinical practice, the rotation of the speculum in the vagina may cause pain and discomfort. Introduction of the speculum initially in a horizontal orientation, without rotation in the vagina, seems more appropriate and could potentially be associated with less discomfort or pain for women undergoing this exam. In practice, a minority of clinicians separate the labia first, introduce the speculum in a direct horizontal fashion, and thus avoid the potentially uncomfortable twisting part of the procedure.

Conditions

Vaginal Speculum Examination

Study Design

• Allocation Method: RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Primary Study Purpose: OTHER
• Blinding Strategy: SINGLE

Study Groups

Vertical rotation

Vertical insertion and 90 degree rotation of speculum in vagina

Group Type: OTHER

Type of speculum vaginal insertion method

Intervention Type: OTHER

Speculum insertion type will either be vertical rotation (as per common practice in Canada) or straight horizontal insertion

Straight horizontal insertion

Straight horizontal insertion of speculum with no rotation in vagina

Group Type: OTHER

Type of speculum vaginal insertion method

Intervention Type: OTHER

Speculum insertion type will either be vertical rotation (as per common practice in Canada) or straight horizontal insertion

Interventions

Type of speculum vaginal insertion method

Speculum insertion type will either be vertical rotation (as per common practice in Canada) or straight horizontal insertion

Intervention Type: OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• Women who are 18 years of age or older
• Undergoing a speculum examination as part of their regular clinical care
• Proficient knowledge of the English language and able to sign the informed consent form

Exclusion Criteria

• Younger than 18 years of age
• Women with a history of vulvodynia, vaginismus, or dyspareunia
• No prior sexual activity or intercourse
• Active vaginal, cervical, uterine or adnexal infection
• Active pregnancy or within 6 weeks postpartum
• Vulvar or vaginal surgery within three months
• Psychiatric conditions

• Minimum Eligible Age: 18 Years
• Eligible Sex: FEMALE
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Sponsors

Unity Health Toronto

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Responsibility Role: SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

Mark Yudin, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Unity Health Toronto

Locations

St. Michael's Hospital

Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Countries

Canada

Other Identifiers

15-082

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id