Trial Outcomes & Findings for Shorter Course Radiation for the Treatment of Breast Cancer That Has Spread to Lymph Nodes (NCT NCT02700386)

NCT ID: NCT02700386

Last Updated: 2025-10-27

Results Overview

The composite endpoint is "yes" for a given patient if that patient experienced at least one of six component adverse events: lymphedema, shoulder ROM impairment, cardiac ischemia, symptomatic rib fracture, brachial plexopathy Grade 2 ('moderate symptoms; limiting instrumental activity of daily living (ADL)') or Grade 3 ('severe symptoms; limiting self-care ADL'), or Grade 2 pneumonitis (requires steroids). AEs were assessed by CTCAE version 4.03.

Recruitment status

ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING

Study phase

PHASE2

Target enrollment

108 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

12 months and 36 months

Results posted on

2025-10-27

Participant Flow

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
Adjuvant Hypofractionated Radiation
Adjuvant Hypofractionated Radiation (4005 cGy) will last 3-4 weeks with 15 treatments, +/- 4 additional fractions as a boost. Radiation should commence within 180 days of the date of primary surgery. Four additional fractions (a "boost" or "conedown") to areas deemed to be at particularly high risk of recurrence may be added at the end of the radiation course. Fraction size for the boost treatment will continue at 267 cGy for an additional 1068 cGy in four fractions. Adjuvant Hypofractionated Radiation: Hypofractionation is the delivery of radiotherapy in single daily doses greater than the 180-200 cGy. Hypofractionation, through use of larger doses per fraction and fewer total treatments, is a method of shortening overall treatment time in breast cancer therapy.
Overall Study
STARTED
108
Overall Study
COMPLETED
63
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
45

Reasons for withdrawal

Withdrawal data not reported

Baseline Characteristics

Shorter Course Radiation for the Treatment of Breast Cancer That Has Spread to Lymph Nodes

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
Adjuvant Hypofractionated Radiation
n=108 Participants
Adjuvant Hypofractionated Radiation (4005 cGy) will last 3-4 weeks with 15 treatments, +/- 4 additional fractions as a boost. Radiation should commence within 180 days of the date of primary surgery. Four additional fractions (a "boost" or "conedown") to areas deemed to be at particularly high risk of recurrence may be added at the end of the radiation course. Fraction size for the boost treatment will continue at 267 cGy for an additional 1068 cGy in four fractions. Adjuvant Hypofractionated Radiation: Hypofractionation is the delivery of radiotherapy in single daily doses greater than the 180-200 cGy. Hypofractionation, through use of larger doses per fraction and fewer total treatments, is a method of shortening overall treatment time in breast cancer therapy.
Age, Continuous
53 years
n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
108 Participants
n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Hispanic or Latino
16 Participants
n=5 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Not Hispanic or Latino
91 Participants
n=5 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
6 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
4 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
84 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
6 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
8 Participants
n=5 Participants
Region of Enrollment
United States
108 participants
n=5 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 12 months and 36 months

Population: Patients are included in analysis for this outcome measure if they have an event recorded for at least one of the six components of the composite endpoint, or if they had non-missing data for all six components.

The composite endpoint is "yes" for a given patient if that patient experienced at least one of six component adverse events: lymphedema, shoulder ROM impairment, cardiac ischemia, symptomatic rib fracture, brachial plexopathy Grade 2 ('moderate symptoms; limiting instrumental activity of daily living (ADL)') or Grade 3 ('severe symptoms; limiting self-care ADL'), or Grade 2 pneumonitis (requires steroids). AEs were assessed by CTCAE version 4.03.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Adjuvant Hypofractionated Radiation
n=90 Participants
Adjuvant Hypofractionated Radiation (4005 cGy) will last 3-4 weeks with 15 treatments, +/- 4 additional fractions as a boost. Radiation should commence within 180 days of the date of primary surgery. Four additional fractions (a "boost" or "conedown") to areas deemed to be at particularly high risk of recurrence may be added at the end of the radiation course. Fraction size for the boost treatment will continue at 267 cGy for an additional 1068 cGy in four fractions. Adjuvant Hypofractionated Radiation: Hypofractionation is the delivery of radiotherapy in single daily doses greater than the 180-200 cGy. Hypofractionation, through use of larger doses per fraction and fewer total treatments, is a method of shortening overall treatment time in breast cancer therapy.
Number of Participants With at Least One Treatment-related Adverse Event of Interest
12 months
15 Participants
Number of Participants With at Least One Treatment-related Adverse Event of Interest
36 months
20 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 12 months and 36 months

Population: Patients who were missing a follow-up assessment at the given dates were excluded.

An increase in interlimb arm circumference of at least 10% in the lower arm or the upper arm, or both, compared with the contralateral arm at the same timepoint, will be judged to be clinically significant lymphedema. Arm circumference 15 cm above the medial epicondyle (upper arms) and 15 cm below the medial epicondyle (lower arms) will be assessed at 12 months and at 36 months.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Adjuvant Hypofractionated Radiation
n=90 Participants
Adjuvant Hypofractionated Radiation (4005 cGy) will last 3-4 weeks with 15 treatments, +/- 4 additional fractions as a boost. Radiation should commence within 180 days of the date of primary surgery. Four additional fractions (a "boost" or "conedown") to areas deemed to be at particularly high risk of recurrence may be added at the end of the radiation course. Fraction size for the boost treatment will continue at 267 cGy for an additional 1068 cGy in four fractions. Adjuvant Hypofractionated Radiation: Hypofractionation is the delivery of radiotherapy in single daily doses greater than the 180-200 cGy. Hypofractionation, through use of larger doses per fraction and fewer total treatments, is a method of shortening overall treatment time in breast cancer therapy.
Number of Participants With Lymphedema Severity by Measuring Interlimb Circumference
12 months
11 Participants
Number of Participants With Lymphedema Severity by Measuring Interlimb Circumference
36 months
15 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 12 months and 36 months

Population: Patients who were missing a follow-up assessment at the given times for this endpoint were excluded.

Symptomatic rib fracture will be diagnosed by evidence of a correlative lesion on plain film or CT.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Adjuvant Hypofractionated Radiation
n=92 Participants
Adjuvant Hypofractionated Radiation (4005 cGy) will last 3-4 weeks with 15 treatments, +/- 4 additional fractions as a boost. Radiation should commence within 180 days of the date of primary surgery. Four additional fractions (a "boost" or "conedown") to areas deemed to be at particularly high risk of recurrence may be added at the end of the radiation course. Fraction size for the boost treatment will continue at 267 cGy for an additional 1068 cGy in four fractions. Adjuvant Hypofractionated Radiation: Hypofractionation is the delivery of radiotherapy in single daily doses greater than the 180-200 cGy. Hypofractionation, through use of larger doses per fraction and fewer total treatments, is a method of shortening overall treatment time in breast cancer therapy.
Number of Participants With Symptomatic Rib Fracture as Measured by Plain Film or CT
36 months
0 Participants
Number of Participants With Symptomatic Rib Fracture as Measured by Plain Film or CT
12 months
0 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 12 months and 36 months

Population: Patients who were missing a follow-up assessment for this outcome measure at the given time points were excluded.

Ischemic heart disease will be measured by the new development of angina with corresponding EKG changes, or myocardial infraction.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Adjuvant Hypofractionated Radiation
n=92 Participants
Adjuvant Hypofractionated Radiation (4005 cGy) will last 3-4 weeks with 15 treatments, +/- 4 additional fractions as a boost. Radiation should commence within 180 days of the date of primary surgery. Four additional fractions (a "boost" or "conedown") to areas deemed to be at particularly high risk of recurrence may be added at the end of the radiation course. Fraction size for the boost treatment will continue at 267 cGy for an additional 1068 cGy in four fractions. Adjuvant Hypofractionated Radiation: Hypofractionation is the delivery of radiotherapy in single daily doses greater than the 180-200 cGy. Hypofractionation, through use of larger doses per fraction and fewer total treatments, is a method of shortening overall treatment time in breast cancer therapy.
Number of Participants With New Development of Ischemic Heart Disease as Measured by EKG
12 months
0 Participants
Number of Participants With New Development of Ischemic Heart Disease as Measured by EKG
36 months
0 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 12 months and 36 months

Population: Patients were excluded if they were missing data for this event.

Shoulder stiffness severity is assessed using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life questionnaire breast cancer module (EORTC QLQ-BR23). It is assessed based on patient response to the questionnaire item, "During the past week, was it difficult to raise your arm or to move it sideways?", which is scored from 1 to 4 with 1 being "not at all" and 4 being "very much". Shoulder stiffness is identified in a patient when their response to that question is 3 or 4 AND if their response increased numerically from their response on day 1.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Adjuvant Hypofractionated Radiation
n=92 Participants
Adjuvant Hypofractionated Radiation (4005 cGy) will last 3-4 weeks with 15 treatments, +/- 4 additional fractions as a boost. Radiation should commence within 180 days of the date of primary surgery. Four additional fractions (a "boost" or "conedown") to areas deemed to be at particularly high risk of recurrence may be added at the end of the radiation course. Fraction size for the boost treatment will continue at 267 cGy for an additional 1068 cGy in four fractions. Adjuvant Hypofractionated Radiation: Hypofractionation is the delivery of radiotherapy in single daily doses greater than the 180-200 cGy. Hypofractionation, through use of larger doses per fraction and fewer total treatments, is a method of shortening overall treatment time in breast cancer therapy.
Number of Participants Reporting Shoulder Stiffness as Measured by the EORTC QLQ-BR23
12 months
5 Participants
Number of Participants Reporting Shoulder Stiffness as Measured by the EORTC QLQ-BR23
36 months
6 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 12 months and 36 months

Population: Patients who were missing an assessment for this endpoint were excluded.

Number of patients who experience pneumonitis as an adverse event at Grade 2 or higher as assessed by CTCAE v 4.03.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Adjuvant Hypofractionated Radiation
n=90 Participants
Adjuvant Hypofractionated Radiation (4005 cGy) will last 3-4 weeks with 15 treatments, +/- 4 additional fractions as a boost. Radiation should commence within 180 days of the date of primary surgery. Four additional fractions (a "boost" or "conedown") to areas deemed to be at particularly high risk of recurrence may be added at the end of the radiation course. Fraction size for the boost treatment will continue at 267 cGy for an additional 1068 cGy in four fractions. Adjuvant Hypofractionated Radiation: Hypofractionation is the delivery of radiotherapy in single daily doses greater than the 180-200 cGy. Hypofractionation, through use of larger doses per fraction and fewer total treatments, is a method of shortening overall treatment time in breast cancer therapy.
Number of Participants With Grade 2 or Higher Pneumonitis
12 months
0 Participants
Number of Participants With Grade 2 or Higher Pneumonitis
36 months
0 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 12 months and 36 months

Population: Patients who were missing an assessment for this endpoint were excluded.

Number of patients who experience brachial plexopathy as an adverse event at Grade 2 or higher as assessed by CTCAE v 4.03.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Adjuvant Hypofractionated Radiation
n=92 Participants
Adjuvant Hypofractionated Radiation (4005 cGy) will last 3-4 weeks with 15 treatments, +/- 4 additional fractions as a boost. Radiation should commence within 180 days of the date of primary surgery. Four additional fractions (a "boost" or "conedown") to areas deemed to be at particularly high risk of recurrence may be added at the end of the radiation course. Fraction size for the boost treatment will continue at 267 cGy for an additional 1068 cGy in four fractions. Adjuvant Hypofractionated Radiation: Hypofractionation is the delivery of radiotherapy in single daily doses greater than the 180-200 cGy. Hypofractionation, through use of larger doses per fraction and fewer total treatments, is a method of shortening overall treatment time in breast cancer therapy.
Number of Participants With Grade 2 or Higher Brachial Plexopathy
12 months
0 Participants
Number of Participants With Grade 2 or Higher Brachial Plexopathy
36 months
0 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Up to 60 months

Population: 2 subjects of 108 total were excluded due to having no follow-up data.

Recurrent disease presentation within axillary lymph node levels I, II, or III. The supraclavicular region is not included in this endpoint.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Adjuvant Hypofractionated Radiation
n=106 Participants
Adjuvant Hypofractionated Radiation (4005 cGy) will last 3-4 weeks with 15 treatments, +/- 4 additional fractions as a boost. Radiation should commence within 180 days of the date of primary surgery. Four additional fractions (a "boost" or "conedown") to areas deemed to be at particularly high risk of recurrence may be added at the end of the radiation course. Fraction size for the boost treatment will continue at 267 cGy for an additional 1068 cGy in four fractions. Adjuvant Hypofractionated Radiation: Hypofractionation is the delivery of radiotherapy in single daily doses greater than the 180-200 cGy. Hypofractionation, through use of larger doses per fraction and fewer total treatments, is a method of shortening overall treatment time in breast cancer therapy.
Number of Participants With Disease Recurrence
0 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 12 months and 36 months

Population: 2 participants who did not have a follow-up visit to assess metastasis status were excluded.

Measured by the time from date of enrollment to earlier of clinical detection of metastatic disease beyond the breast/chestwall and regional lymph nodes or death.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Adjuvant Hypofractionated Radiation
n=106 Participants
Adjuvant Hypofractionated Radiation (4005 cGy) will last 3-4 weeks with 15 treatments, +/- 4 additional fractions as a boost. Radiation should commence within 180 days of the date of primary surgery. Four additional fractions (a "boost" or "conedown") to areas deemed to be at particularly high risk of recurrence may be added at the end of the radiation course. Fraction size for the boost treatment will continue at 267 cGy for an additional 1068 cGy in four fractions. Adjuvant Hypofractionated Radiation: Hypofractionation is the delivery of radiotherapy in single daily doses greater than the 180-200 cGy. Hypofractionation, through use of larger doses per fraction and fewer total treatments, is a method of shortening overall treatment time in breast cancer therapy.
Number of Participants With Metastasis-free Survival
12 months
106 Participants
Number of Participants With Metastasis-free Survival
36 months
103 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 12 months and 36 months

Population: 2 participants did not have a follow-up visit where local or regional disease recurrence was assessed and were excluded from this outcome measure.

Measured by the time from date of enrollment to earlier of clinical detection of any ipsilateral recurrent disease to the breast/chestwall or regional lymph nodes (levels I, II, III, supraclavicular, and internal mammary lymph nodes) or death.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Adjuvant Hypofractionated Radiation
n=106 Participants
Adjuvant Hypofractionated Radiation (4005 cGy) will last 3-4 weeks with 15 treatments, +/- 4 additional fractions as a boost. Radiation should commence within 180 days of the date of primary surgery. Four additional fractions (a "boost" or "conedown") to areas deemed to be at particularly high risk of recurrence may be added at the end of the radiation course. Fraction size for the boost treatment will continue at 267 cGy for an additional 1068 cGy in four fractions. Adjuvant Hypofractionated Radiation: Hypofractionation is the delivery of radiotherapy in single daily doses greater than the 180-200 cGy. Hypofractionation, through use of larger doses per fraction and fewer total treatments, is a method of shortening overall treatment time in breast cancer therapy.
Number of Participants With Local-regional Failure Free Survival
36 months
104 Participants
Number of Participants With Local-regional Failure Free Survival
12 months
106 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: From baseline up to 12 months

Population: This is the number of patients who completed the EORTC QLQ-C30 at both baseline and 1 year post-intervention.

Patient's quality of life from pre-treatment to post-treatment, reported by the quality of life questionnaire \[EORTC QLQ-C30 V1\]. Summary scores and missing data handling were performed according to the EORTC QLQ-C30. The minimum score is 0, and the maximum score is 100. A higher score is a better outcome. A change in score is defined as a score increase of at least 10 points at the 12 month mark compared to baseline.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Adjuvant Hypofractionated Radiation
n=86 Participants
Adjuvant Hypofractionated Radiation (4005 cGy) will last 3-4 weeks with 15 treatments, +/- 4 additional fractions as a boost. Radiation should commence within 180 days of the date of primary surgery. Four additional fractions (a "boost" or "conedown") to areas deemed to be at particularly high risk of recurrence may be added at the end of the radiation course. Fraction size for the boost treatment will continue at 267 cGy for an additional 1068 cGy in four fractions. Adjuvant Hypofractionated Radiation: Hypofractionation is the delivery of radiotherapy in single daily doses greater than the 180-200 cGy. Hypofractionation, through use of larger doses per fraction and fewer total treatments, is a method of shortening overall treatment time in breast cancer therapy.
Number of Participants With a Change in Quality of Life Score as Measured by the EORTC QLQ-C30
21 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline to 1 year post-intervention

Population: This is the number of patients who completed the EORTC QLQ-BR23 at both baseline and 1 year post-intervention.

Patient's quality of life from pre-treatment to post-treatment, reported by the quality of life questionnaire breast cancer module \[EORTC QLQ-BR23 V1\]. Summary scores and missing data handling were performed according to the EORTC QLQ-BR23. The minimum score is 0, and the maximum score is 100. A higher score is a better outcome. A change in score is defined as a score increase of at least 10 points from baseline.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Adjuvant Hypofractionated Radiation
n=79 Participants
Adjuvant Hypofractionated Radiation (4005 cGy) will last 3-4 weeks with 15 treatments, +/- 4 additional fractions as a boost. Radiation should commence within 180 days of the date of primary surgery. Four additional fractions (a "boost" or "conedown") to areas deemed to be at particularly high risk of recurrence may be added at the end of the radiation course. Fraction size for the boost treatment will continue at 267 cGy for an additional 1068 cGy in four fractions. Adjuvant Hypofractionated Radiation: Hypofractionation is the delivery of radiotherapy in single daily doses greater than the 180-200 cGy. Hypofractionation, through use of larger doses per fraction and fewer total treatments, is a method of shortening overall treatment time in breast cancer therapy.
Number of Participants With a Change in Quality of Life Score as Measured by the EORTC QLQ-BR23
17 Participants

Adverse Events

Adjuvant Hypofractionated Radiation

Serious events: 11 serious events
Other events: 108 other events
Deaths: 6 deaths

Serious adverse events

Serious adverse events
Measure
Adjuvant Hypofractionated Radiation
n=108 participants at risk
Adjuvant Hypofractionated Radiation (4005 cGy) will last 3-4 weeks with 15 treatments, +/- 4 additional fractions as a boost. Radiation should commence within 180 days of the date of primary surgery. Four additional fractions (a "boost" or "conedown") to areas deemed to be at particularly high risk of recurrence may be added at the end of the radiation course. Fraction size for the boost treatment will continue at 267 cGy for an additional 1068 cGy in four fractions. Adjuvant Hypofractionated Radiation: Hypofractionation is the delivery of radiotherapy in single daily doses greater than the 180-200 cGy. Hypofractionation, through use of larger doses per fraction and fewer total treatments, is a method of shortening overall treatment time in breast cancer therapy.
Infections and infestations
Skin infection
0.93%
1/108 • Number of events 2 • 5 years
Infections and infestations
Breast infection
0.93%
1/108 • Number of events 1 • 5 years
Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)
Brain mets/progression
0.93%
1/108 • Number of events 2 • 5 years
General disorders
Death NOS
1.9%
2/108 • Number of events 2 • 5 years
Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
Dermatitis radiation
0.93%
1/108 • Number of events 1 • 5 years
Vascular disorders
Hematoma
0.93%
1/108 • Number of events 1 • 5 years
Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
Hip fracture
0.93%
1/108 • Number of events 1 • 5 years
Infections and infestations
Sepsis
0.93%
1/108 • Number of events 1 • 5 years
Vascular disorders
Thromboembolic event
1.9%
2/108 • Number of events 2 • 5 years
Infections and infestations
Urinary tract infection
1.9%
2/108 • Number of events 2 • 5 years
Hepatobiliary disorders
Cholecystitis
0.93%
1/108 • Number of events 1 • 5 years
General disorders
Disease progression
0.93%
1/108 • Number of events 1 • 5 years

Other adverse events

Other adverse events
Measure
Adjuvant Hypofractionated Radiation
n=108 participants at risk
Adjuvant Hypofractionated Radiation (4005 cGy) will last 3-4 weeks with 15 treatments, +/- 4 additional fractions as a boost. Radiation should commence within 180 days of the date of primary surgery. Four additional fractions (a "boost" or "conedown") to areas deemed to be at particularly high risk of recurrence may be added at the end of the radiation course. Fraction size for the boost treatment will continue at 267 cGy for an additional 1068 cGy in four fractions. Adjuvant Hypofractionated Radiation: Hypofractionation is the delivery of radiotherapy in single daily doses greater than the 180-200 cGy. Hypofractionation, through use of larger doses per fraction and fewer total treatments, is a method of shortening overall treatment time in breast cancer therapy.
General disorders
Fatigue
64.8%
70/108 • 5 years
Gastrointestinal disorders
Dysphagia
41.7%
45/108 • 5 years
Reproductive system and breast disorders
Breast pain
31.5%
34/108 • 5 years
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
Hyperpigmentation
31.5%
34/108 • 5 years
Vascular disorders
Hot flashes
27.8%
30/108 • 5 years
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
Erythema
51.9%
56/108 • 5 years
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
Pruritis
20.4%
22/108 • 5 years
Vascular disorders
Lymphedema
17.6%
19/108 • 5 years
Gastrointestinal disorders
Nausea
15.7%
17/108 • 5 years
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
Dermatitis
13.9%
15/108 • 5 years
Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
Dermatitis radiation
20.4%
22/108 • 5 years
Gastrointestinal disorders
Esophagitis
13.0%
14/108 • 5 years
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Sore throat
11.1%
12/108 • 5 years
Psychiatric disorders
Anxiety
10.2%
11/108 • 5 years
Psychiatric disorders
Insomnia
9.3%
10/108 • 5 years
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
Skin hyperpigmentation
9.3%
10/108 • 5 years
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Cough
8.3%
9/108 • 5 years
Nervous system disorders
Neuropathy
8.3%
9/108 • 5 years
General disorders
Breast tenderness
7.4%
8/108 • 5 years
Nervous system disorders
Headache
12.0%
13/108 • 5 years
Reproductive system and breast disorders
Vaginal dryness
7.4%
8/108 • 5 years
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
Desquamation
6.5%
7/108 • 5 years
Cardiac disorders
Chest tightness
5.6%
6/108 • 5 years
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
Chest wall pain
5.6%
6/108 • 5 years
Gastrointestinal disorders
Constipation
5.6%
6/108 • 5 years

Additional Information

Christine Fisher, MD, MPH

University of Colorado, Denver

Phone: 720-848-0154

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
  • Publication restrictions are in place