Preventive Effects of Penehyclidine Hydrochloride Inhalation on Postoperative Pulmonary Complications

NCT ID: NCT02644876

Last Updated: 2020-11-03

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

PHASE4

Total Enrollment

864 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2015-09-01

Study Completion Date

2018-12-10

Brief Summary

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Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) are major causes of postoperative morbidity, mortality, and prolonged hospital stay.The incidence of PPCs may be as high as 41% to 75% in high-risk patients. Bronchodilator is frequently used in high-risk patients to prevent PPCs. Penehyclidine is a new anticholinergic agent which selectively block M1 and M3, but not M2 receptors. A pilot study of the investigators showed that prophylactic penehyclidine inhalation reduced the incidence of bronchospasm and the use of aminophylline in elderly patients after long-duration surgery. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether prophylactically penehyclidine inhalation could decrease the incidence of PPCs in high-risk patients after major intrathoracic and upper intraabdominal surgery.

Detailed Description

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Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) are major causes of postoperative morbidity, mortality, and prolonged hospital stay. The incidence of PPCs was found to vary from 2 to 19%, but this rate might be as high as 41 to 75% in patients after intrathoracic and intraabdominal surgery. According to Canet's model, the predicted incidence of PPCs in high-risk patients (ARISCAT risk index \>= 45 points) is 42.1%. Use of effective strategies to prevent PPCs is essential for these patients.

Strategies that have been proved to be beneficial in decreasing PPCs include smoking cessation, proper management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease before surgery, as well as use of lung-protective ventilation and goal-directed fluid therapy during surgery. Besides, bronchodilator inhalation is also helpful. Studies showed that, in high-risk patients undergoing intrathoracic surgery, airway resistance was increased due to bronchial hyperresponsiveness, which increased the risk of PPCs. Inhalation of anticholinergic bronchodilator can reduce the activity of vagus nerve and relieve high airway resistance, which may decrease the risk of bronchospasm and other PPCs.

It has been shown that M1, M3-receptor selective blockers have better effects than β2-receptor activator in dilating bronchia. Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (updated 2014) published by Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) recommend the use of M1, M3-receptor selective blockers to relieve acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and improve pulmonary function.

Penehyclidine hydrochloride is a new anticholinergic agent, which selectively blocks M1 and M3, but not M2 receptors. Preclinical studies found that it also has anti-inflammation effects. In a pilot study of the investigators, prophylactic inhalation of penehyclidine decreased the incidence of bronchospasm and the use of aminophylline in elderly patients after long-duration surgery. The investigators propose that prophylactic inhalation of penehyclidine might decrease the incidence of PPCs in high risk patients.

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether prophylactic penehyclidine inhalation could decrease the incidence of PPCs in high-risk patients after major intrathoracic and upper intraabdominal surgery.

Conditions

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Postoperative Complications

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

PREVENTION

Blinding Strategy

QUADRUPLE

Participants Caregivers Investigators Outcome Assessors

Study Groups

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Penehyclidine group

Penehyclidine inhalation will be administered (penehyclidine hydrochloride 0.5 mg/0.5 ml + normal saline 5.5 ml) once every 12 hours from the night before surgery till the second day after surgery. The total number of inhalation is seven times. Study drug inhalation will be performed with the high-flow oxygen-driven method for the non-intubated patients or with the atomizing inhalation device of ventilator for the intubated patients.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Penehyclidine inhalation

Intervention Type DRUG

Penehyclidine inhalation will be administered by inhalation (penehyclidine hydrochloride 0.5 mg/0.5 ml, mixed with normal saline 5.5 ml) once every 12 hours from the night before surgery till the second day after surgery. The total number of inhalation is seven times. Study drug inhalation is performed with the high-flow oxygen-driven method for the non-intubated patients or with the atomizing inhalation device of ventilator for the intubated patients.

Control group

Placebo inhalation will be administered by inhalation (water for injection 0.5 ml + normal saline 5.5 ml ) once every 12 hours from the night before surgery till the second day after surgery. The total number of inhalation is seven times. Study drug inhalation will be performed with the high-flow oxygen-driven method for the non-intubated patients or with the atomizing inhalation device of ventilator for the intubated patients.

Group Type PLACEBO_COMPARATOR

Placebo inhalation

Intervention Type DRUG

Placebo inhalation will be administered by inhalation (water for injection 0.5 ml, mixed with normal saline 5.5 ml) once every 12 hours from the night before surgery till the second day after surgery. The total number of inhalation is seven times. Study drug inhalation is performed with the high-flow oxygen-driven method for the non-intubated patients or with the atomizing inhalation device of ventilator for the intubated patients.

Interventions

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Penehyclidine inhalation

Penehyclidine inhalation will be administered by inhalation (penehyclidine hydrochloride 0.5 mg/0.5 ml, mixed with normal saline 5.5 ml) once every 12 hours from the night before surgery till the second day after surgery. The total number of inhalation is seven times. Study drug inhalation is performed with the high-flow oxygen-driven method for the non-intubated patients or with the atomizing inhalation device of ventilator for the intubated patients.

Intervention Type DRUG

Placebo inhalation

Placebo inhalation will be administered by inhalation (water for injection 0.5 ml, mixed with normal saline 5.5 ml) once every 12 hours from the night before surgery till the second day after surgery. The total number of inhalation is seven times. Study drug inhalation is performed with the high-flow oxygen-driven method for the non-intubated patients or with the atomizing inhalation device of ventilator for the intubated patients.

Intervention Type DRUG

Other Intervention Names

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Penehyclidine Hydrochloride for Injection (Changtuoning) Water for injection

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

1. Age \>50 years;
2. Scheduled to undergo upper abdominal or noncardiac thoracic surgery with expected duration ≥2 hours. For those who undergo laparoscopic or thoracoscopic surgery, the expected length of incision must be ≥5 cm;
3. Judged to be at high risk of PPCs according to the ARISCAT risk score (ARISCAT predictive score ≥45).

Exclusion Criteria

1. American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical classification ≥IV or the expected survival duration ≤24 hours;
2. Preoperative history of symptomatic hypertrophy or glaucoma;
3. History of myocardial infarction, severe heart dysfunction (New York Heart Association functional classification ≥3) or tachyarrhythmia within one year;
4. Inhalation of β2-receptor activator, M-receptor blockers and/or glucocorticoids within one month before surgery;
5. Severe renal dysfunction (requirement of renal replacement therapy) or severe hepatic dysfunction (Child-Pugh grade C);
6. History of acute stroke within three months before surgery;
7. Refuse to participate in the study or unable to cooperate with the inhalation therapy;
8. Participation in other clinical trial during the last month or within the six half-life periods of the study drug used in the last trial.
Minimum Eligible Age

51 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Peking University First Hospital

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Dong-Xin Wang

Professor and Chairman, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Dong-Xin Wang, MD, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Peking University First Hopital

Locations

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Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital

Beijing, Beijing Municipality, China

Site Status

Countries

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China

References

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Canet J, Gallart L, Gomar C, Paluzie G, Valles J, Castillo J, Sabate S, Mazo V, Briones Z, Sanchis J; ARISCAT Group. Prediction of postoperative pulmonary complications in a population-based surgical cohort. Anesthesiology. 2010 Dec;113(6):1338-50. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181fc6e0a.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 21045639 (View on PubMed)

Mazo V, Sabate S, Canet J, Gallart L, de Abreu MG, Belda J, Langeron O, Hoeft A, Pelosi P. Prospective external validation of a predictive score for postoperative pulmonary complications. Anesthesiology. 2014 Aug;121(2):219-31. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000334.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 24901240 (View on PubMed)

Brooks-Brunn JA. Predictors of postoperative pulmonary complications following abdominal surgery. Chest. 1997 Mar;111(3):564-71. doi: 10.1378/chest.111.3.564.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
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Thomsen T, Villebro N, Moller AM. Interventions for preoperative smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Mar 27;2014(3):CD002294. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD002294.pub4.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 24671929 (View on PubMed)

Kroenke K, Lawrence VA, Theroux JF, Tuley MR. Operative risk in patients with severe obstructive pulmonary disease. Arch Intern Med. 1992 May;152(5):967-71.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 1580723 (View on PubMed)

Celli BR. Perioperative respiratory care of the patient undergoing upper abdominal surgery. Clin Chest Med. 1993 Jun;14(2):253-61.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 8519171 (View on PubMed)

Hulzebos EH, Smit Y, Helders PP, van Meeteren NL. Preoperative physical therapy for elective cardiac surgery patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Nov 14;11(11):CD010118. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010118.pub2.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 23152283 (View on PubMed)

Vestbo J, Hurd SS, Agusti AG, Jones PW, Vogelmeier C, Anzueto A, Barnes PJ, Fabbri LM, Martinez FJ, Nishimura M, Stockley RA, Sin DD, Rodriguez-Roisin R. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: GOLD executive summary. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013 Feb 15;187(4):347-65. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201204-0596PP. Epub 2012 Aug 9.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 22878278 (View on PubMed)

Yan T, Wang D. [Effects of penehyclidine inhalation on postoperative pulmonary complications of elderly patients after long-duration surgery]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2014 Jan 14;94(2):122-6. Chinese.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 24721352 (View on PubMed)

Xiao HT, Liao Z, Tong RS. Penehyclidine hydrochloride: a potential drug for treating COPD by attenuating Toll-like receptors. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2012;6:317-22. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S36555. Epub 2012 Nov 1.

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PMID: 23139625 (View on PubMed)

Cui J, Li CS, He XH, Song YG. Protective effects of penehyclidine hydrochloride on acute lung injury caused by severe dichlorvos poisoning in swine. Chin Med J (Engl). 2013;126(24):4764-70.

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Wu XJ, Xia ZY, Wang LL, Luo T, Zhan LY, Meng QT, Song XM. Effects of penehyclidine hydrochloride on pulmonary contusion from blunt chest trauma in rats. Injury. 2012 Feb;43(2):232-6. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2011.10.009. Epub 2011 Nov 4.

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Liu XB, Pan S, Yang XG, Li ZW, Sun QS, Zhao Z, Ma HC, Cui CR. Effect of penehyclidine hydrochloride on heart rate variability in hysteroscopy. Exp Ther Med. 2015 Jul;10(1):181-186. doi: 10.3892/etm.2015.2497. Epub 2015 May 18.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
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Wu GM, Mou M, Mo LQ, Liu L, Ren CH, Chen Y, Zhou J. Penehyclidine hydrochloride postconditioning on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by inhibition of inflammatory factors in a rodent model. J Surg Res. 2015 May 1;195(1):219-27. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.12.018. Epub 2014 Dec 17.

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Ma TF, Zhou L, Wang Y, Qin SJ, Zhang Y, Hu B, Yan JZ, Ma X, Zhou CH, Gu SL. A selective M1 and M3 receptor antagonist, penehyclidine hydrochloride, prevents postischemic LTP: involvement of NMDA receptors. Synapse. 2013 Dec;67(12):865-74. doi: 10.1002/syn.21693. Epub 2013 Jul 24.

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Shi H, Dong CM. [The effect of penehyclidine hydrochloride on the expression of inflammatory factor in rat with sepsis-associated lung injury]. Zhongguo Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue. 2009 Nov;21(11):685-7. No abstract available. Chinese.

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Other Identifiers

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ChiCTR-IPC-15006603

Identifier Type: REGISTRY

Identifier Source: secondary_id

2015[06]

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id