Trial Outcomes & Findings for SuPRA: Using Wearable Activity Trackers With a New Application to Improve Physical Activity in Knee Osteoarthritis (NCT NCT02585323)

Last Updated: 2025-10-06

Results Overview

Time spent in Moderate/Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA) was measured with a SenseWear Mini sensor over a 7-day period. The mean time was calculated in bouted MVPA per day. A bout is defined as \>= 10 consecutive minutes or more at the level of \>= 3 METs (i.e., the lower bound of MVPA), with allowance for interruption of up to two minutes below the threshold.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

Target enrollment

51 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

Baseline, 13 weeks, 26 weeks, 39 weeks

Results posted on

2025-10-06

Participant Flow

Patient participants were recruited between 2017 and 2019 from the Mary Pack Arthritis Program (Vancouver Coastal Health Authority) and the Fraser Health Authority in British Columbia, Canada. We also posted study information on Facebook, Twitter, Kajiji, and Craigslist.

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure	Immediate Intervention Group Participants received an education session, Fitbit/FitViz, physical therapist (PT) counselling in Weeks 1-13. The session included a presentation on physical activity, an individual goal-setting session with a registered PT, and an orientation to the Fitbit Flex and the FitViz app. In Weeks 1-8, participants used the Fitbit/FitViz. The PT reviewed the progress with participants via 20-minute bi-weekly phone calls, and progressively modify their activities. In Weeks 9-13, participants continued using the Fitbit/FitViz and had access to a PT via email as needed, but no bi-weekly phone calls. In Weeks 14-38, participants did not have access to a PT, but were encouraged to continue using the Fitbit and FitViz.	Delayed Intervention Group Participants received the same intervention with a 13-week delay. The full intervention was initiated in Week 14 and with a brief education session, use of a Fitbit Flex paired with the FitViz app, and counseling by a physical therapist (PT). In Week 26-38, participants did not have access to a PT but were encouraged to continue using the Fitbit/FitViz.
Baseline STARTED	26	25
Baseline COMPLETED	26	25
Baseline NOT COMPLETED	0	0
Week 13 (RCT Period) STARTED	26	25
Week 13 (RCT Period) COMPLETED	24	24
Week 13 (RCT Period) NOT COMPLETED	2	1
Week 26 (All Received Intervention) STARTED	24	24
Week 26 (All Received Intervention) COMPLETED	22	24
Week 26 (All Received Intervention) NOT COMPLETED	2	0
Week 39 (All Received Intervention) STARTED	22	24
Week 39 (All Received Intervention) COMPLETED	20	24
Week 39 (All Received Intervention) NOT COMPLETED	2	0

Reasons for withdrawal

Reasons for withdrawal
Measure	Immediate Intervention Group Participants received an education session, Fitbit/FitViz, physical therapist (PT) counselling in Weeks 1-13. The session included a presentation on physical activity, an individual goal-setting session with a registered PT, and an orientation to the Fitbit Flex and the FitViz app. In Weeks 1-8, participants used the Fitbit/FitViz. The PT reviewed the progress with participants via 20-minute bi-weekly phone calls, and progressively modify their activities. In Weeks 9-13, participants continued using the Fitbit/FitViz and had access to a PT via email as needed, but no bi-weekly phone calls. In Weeks 14-38, participants did not have access to a PT, but were encouraged to continue using the Fitbit and FitViz.	Delayed Intervention Group Participants received the same intervention with a 13-week delay. The full intervention was initiated in Week 14 and with a brief education session, use of a Fitbit Flex paired with the FitViz app, and counseling by a physical therapist (PT). In Week 26-38, participants did not have access to a PT but were encouraged to continue using the Fitbit/FitViz.
Week 13 (RCT Period) Withdrawal by Subject	2	0
Week 13 (RCT Period) Participant refused assessment	0	1
Week 26 (All Received Intervention) Withdrawal by Subject	2	0
Week 39 (All Received Intervention) Withdrawal by Subject	2	0

Baseline Characteristics

Race and Ethnicity were not collected from any participant.

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure	Immediate Group n=26 Participants Participants received an education session, Fitbit/FitViz, physical therapist (PT) counselling in Weeks 1-13. The session included a presentation on physical activity, an individual goal-setting session with a registered PT, and an orientation to the Fitbit Flex and the FitViz app. In Weeks 1-8, participants used the Fitbit/FitViz. The PT reviewed the progress with participants via 20-minute bi-weekly phone calls, and progressively modify their activities. In Weeks 9-13, participants continued using the Fitbit/FitViz and had access to a PT via email as needed, but no bi-weekly phone calls. In Weeks 14-38, participants did not have access to a PT, but were encouraged to continue using the Fitbit and FitViz.	Delay Group n=25 Participants Participants received the same intervention with a 13-week delay. The full intervention was initiated in Week 14 and with a brief education session, use of a Fitbit Flex paired with the FitViz app, and counseling by a physical therapist (PT). In Week 26-38, participants did not have access to a PT but were encouraged to continue using the Fitbit/FitViz.	Total n=51 Participants Total of all reporting groups
Age, Continuous	65.0 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 8 • n=26 Participants	64.8 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 9 • n=25 Participants	64.9 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.5 • n=51 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Female	23 Participants n=26 Participants	19 Participants n=25 Participants	42 Participants n=51 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Male	3 Participants n=26 Participants	6 Participants n=25 Participants	9 Participants n=51 Participants
Race and Ethnicity Not Collected	—	—	0 Participants Race and Ethnicity were not collected from any participant.
Region of Enrollment Canada	26 participants n=26 Participants	25 participants n=25 Participants	51 participants n=51 Participants
Daily number of minutes in moderate/vigorous physical activity	31.0 Minutes per day STANDARD_DEVIATION 37.3 • n=26 Participants	71.3 Minutes per day STANDARD_DEVIATION 99.8 • n=25 Participants	50.8 Minutes per day STANDARD_DEVIATION 76.7 • n=51 Participants
Daily number of sedentary minutes	567.5 Minutes per day STANDARD_DEVIATION 183.1 • n=26 Participants	551.1 Minutes per day STANDARD_DEVIATION 234.9 • n=25 Participants	559.4 Minutes per day STANDARD_DEVIATION 208.1 • n=51 Participants
Daily number of steps	6294.0 Steps per day STANDARD_DEVIATION 3418.0 • n=26 Participants	7030.1 Steps per day STANDARD_DEVIATION 3921.6 • n=25 Participants	6654.8 Steps per day STANDARD_DEVIATION 3655.3 • n=51 Participants
Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score - Symptom	68.5 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.7 • n=26 Participants	65.7 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.3 • n=25 Participants	67.2 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.5 • n=51 Participants
Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score - Pain	72.6 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.5 • n=26 Participants	65.1 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.7 • n=25 Participants	69.0 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 14.0 • n=51 Participants
Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score - Activity of Daily Living	75.5 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 14.7 • n=26 Participants	72.2 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 15.8 • n=25 Participants	73.9 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 15.2 • n=51 Participants
Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score - Sports and Recreation	47.9 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 23.7 • n=26 Participants	46.8 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 25.4 • n=25 Participants	47.4 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 24.3 • n=51 Participants
Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score - Quality of Life	44.0 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 16.0 • n=26 Participants	47.5 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 16.0 • n=25 Participants	45.7 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 17.4 • n=51 Participants
Partners in Health Scale	76.8 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.0 • n=26 Participants	78.0 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.0 • n=25 Participants	77.4 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.4 • n=51 Participants
Patient Health Questionnaire-9	5.2 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.6 • n=26 Participants	5.4 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.3 • n=25 Participants	5.3 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.9 • n=51 Participants
Self-Reported Habit Index - Sitting at Work subscale	5.0 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.4 • n=26 Participants	4.5 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.1 • n=25 Participants	4.7 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.8 • n=51 Participants
Self-Reported Habit Index - Sitting at Leisure subscale	4.8 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.1 • n=26 Participants	5.1 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.4 • n=25 Participants	5.0 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.2 • n=51 Participants
Self-Reported Habit Index - Walking subscale	4.3 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.8 • n=26 Participants	4.8 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.0 • n=25 Participants	4.5 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.9 • n=51 Participants
Theory of Planned Behavior Questionnaire - Attitude toward Physical Activity	6.0 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.6 • n=26 Participants	6.1 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.6 • n=25 Participants	6.0 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.6 • n=51 Participants
Theory of Planned Behavior Questionnaire - Subjective Norm	6.2 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.6 • n=26 Participants	6.3 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.8 • n=25 Participants	6.3 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.7 • n=51 Participants
Theory of Planned Behavior Questionnaire - Perceived Control	5.8 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.0 • n=26 Participants	6.1 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.7 • n=25 Participants	6.0 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.9 • n=51 Participants
Theory of Planned Behavior Questionnaire - Intention	6.2 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.8 • n=26 Participants	6.3 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.8 • n=25 Participants	6.3 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.8 • n=51 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, 13 weeks, 26 weeks, 39 weeks

Population: 13 weeks: Immediate (I) Group: 1 withdrew due to Fitbit wear issues; 1 withdrew, reason unknown. Delayed (D) Group: 1 refused assessment 24 weeks: I Group: 1 withdrew due to family issues, 1 reason unknown 29 weeks: I Group: 2 withdrew - reason unknown

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Immediate Group n=26 Participants Participants received an education session, Fitbit/FitViz, physical therapist (PT) counselling in Weeks 1-13. The session included a presentation on physical activity, an individual goal-setting session with a registered PT, and an orientation to the Fitbit Flex and the FitViz app. In Weeks 1-8, participants used the Fitbit/FitViz. The PT reviewed the progress with participants via 20-minute bi-weekly phone calls, and progressively modify their activities. In Weeks 9-13, participants continued using the Fitbit/FitViz and had access to a PT via email as needed, but no bi-weekly phone calls. In Weeks 14-38, participants did not have access to a PT, but were encouraged to continue using the Fitbit and FitViz.	Delayed Group n=25 Participants Participants received the same intervention with a 13-week delay. The full intervention was initiated in Week 14 and with a brief education session, use of a Fitbit Flex paired with the FitViz app, and counseling by a physical therapist (PT). In Week 26-38, participants did not have access to a PT but were encouraged to continue using the Fitbit/FitViz.
Daily Number of Minutes in Moderate/Vigorous Physical Activity Baseline (T0)	31.0 Minutes per day Standard Deviation 37.3	71.3 Minutes per day Standard Deviation 99.8
Daily Number of Minutes in Moderate/Vigorous Physical Activity 13 weeks (T1)	37.7 Minutes per day Standard Deviation 30.5	49.4 Minutes per day Standard Deviation 63.6
Daily Number of Minutes in Moderate/Vigorous Physical Activity 26 weeks (T2)	37.0 Minutes per day Standard Deviation 32.3	74.6 Minutes per day Standard Deviation 102.1
Daily Number of Minutes in Moderate/Vigorous Physical Activity 39 weeks (T3)	34.0 Minutes per day Standard Deviation 25.2	54.8 Minutes per day Standard Deviation 66.2

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, 13 weeks, 26 weeks, 39 weeks

Time spent in sedentary behaviour was measured with a SenseWear Mini sensor over a 7-day period. The mean daily time spent in sedentary activity was calculated with an energy expenditure of \<=1.5 METs, occurring in bouts of \>= 20 minutes during waking hours.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Immediate Group n=26 Participants Participants received an education session, Fitbit/FitViz, physical therapist (PT) counselling in Weeks 1-13. The session included a presentation on physical activity, an individual goal-setting session with a registered PT, and an orientation to the Fitbit Flex and the FitViz app. In Weeks 1-8, participants used the Fitbit/FitViz. The PT reviewed the progress with participants via 20-minute bi-weekly phone calls, and progressively modify their activities. In Weeks 9-13, participants continued using the Fitbit/FitViz and had access to a PT via email as needed, but no bi-weekly phone calls. In Weeks 14-38, participants did not have access to a PT, but were encouraged to continue using the Fitbit and FitViz.	Delayed Group n=25 Participants Participants received the same intervention with a 13-week delay. The full intervention was initiated in Week 14 and with a brief education session, use of a Fitbit Flex paired with the FitViz app, and counseling by a physical therapist (PT). In Week 26-38, participants did not have access to a PT but were encouraged to continue using the Fitbit/FitViz.
Daily Number of Sedentary Minutes Baseline (T0)	567.5 Minutes per day Standard Deviation 183.1	551.1 Minutes per day Standard Deviation 234.9
Daily Number of Sedentary Minutes 13 weeks (T1)	531.4 Minutes per day Standard Deviation 173.5	558.3 Minutes per day Standard Deviation 224.9
Daily Number of Sedentary Minutes 26 weeks (T2)	492.5 Minutes per day Standard Deviation 156.6	499.5 Minutes per day Standard Deviation 248.9
Daily Number of Sedentary Minutes 39 weeks (T3)	502.8 Minutes per day Standard Deviation 135.3	483.1 Minutes per day Standard Deviation 225.4

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, 13 weeks, 26 weeks, 39 weeks

Population: 13 weeks: Immediate (I) Group: 1 withdrew due to Fitbit wear issues; 1 withdrew, reason unknown. Delayed (D) Group: 3 refused assessment 26 weeks: I Group: 1 withdrew due to family issues, 1 reason unknown. Delayed (D) Group: 1 refused assessment 39 weeks: I Group: 2 withdrew - reason unknown; 1 refused assessment. Delayed (D) Group: 1 refused assessment

The Symptom Subscale ranges from 0 - 100, with 0 indicates extreme knee symptoms and 100 indicates no knee symptoms.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Immediate Group n=26 Participants Participants received an education session, Fitbit/FitViz, physical therapist (PT) counselling in Weeks 1-13. The session included a presentation on physical activity, an individual goal-setting session with a registered PT, and an orientation to the Fitbit Flex and the FitViz app. In Weeks 1-8, participants used the Fitbit/FitViz. The PT reviewed the progress with participants via 20-minute bi-weekly phone calls, and progressively modify their activities. In Weeks 9-13, participants continued using the Fitbit/FitViz and had access to a PT via email as needed, but no bi-weekly phone calls. In Weeks 14-38, participants did not have access to a PT, but were encouraged to continue using the Fitbit and FitViz.	Delayed Group n=25 Participants Participants received the same intervention with a 13-week delay. The full intervention was initiated in Week 14 and with a brief education session, use of a Fitbit Flex paired with the FitViz app, and counseling by a physical therapist (PT). In Week 26-38, participants did not have access to a PT but were encouraged to continue using the Fitbit/FitViz.
Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - Symptom Baseline (T0)	68.5 units on a scale Standard Deviation 10.7	65.7 units on a scale Standard Deviation 12.3
Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - Symptom 13 weeks (T1)	69.3 units on a scale Standard Deviation 12.7	66.9 units on a scale Standard Deviation 14.9
Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - Symptom 26 weeks (T2)	65.4 units on a scale Standard Deviation 45.8	72.2 units on a scale Standard Deviation 16.8
Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - Symptom 39 weeks (T3)	68.4 units on a scale Standard Deviation 16.3	72.5 units on a scale Standard Deviation 13.3

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, 13 weeks, 26 weeks, 39 weeks

Population: 13 weeks: Immediate (I) Group: 1 withdrew due to Fitbit wear issues; 1 withdrew, reason unknown. Delayed (D) Group: 3 refused assessment 24 weeks: I Group: 1 withdrew due to family issues, 1 reason unknown. Delayed (D) Group: 1 refused assessment 39 weeks: I Group: 2 withdrew - reason unknown; 1 refused assessment. Delayed (D) Group: 1 refused assessment

The Pain Subscale ranges from 0 - 100, with 0 indicates extreme knee pain and 100 indicates no knee pain.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Immediate Group n=26 Participants Participants received an education session, Fitbit/FitViz, physical therapist (PT) counselling in Weeks 1-13. The session included a presentation on physical activity, an individual goal-setting session with a registered PT, and an orientation to the Fitbit Flex and the FitViz app. In Weeks 1-8, participants used the Fitbit/FitViz. The PT reviewed the progress with participants via 20-minute bi-weekly phone calls, and progressively modify their activities. In Weeks 9-13, participants continued using the Fitbit/FitViz and had access to a PT via email as needed, but no bi-weekly phone calls. In Weeks 14-38, participants did not have access to a PT, but were encouraged to continue using the Fitbit and FitViz.	Delayed Group n=25 Participants Participants received the same intervention with a 13-week delay. The full intervention was initiated in Week 14 and with a brief education session, use of a Fitbit Flex paired with the FitViz app, and counseling by a physical therapist (PT). In Week 26-38, participants did not have access to a PT but were encouraged to continue using the Fitbit/FitViz.
Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - Pain Baseline (T0)	72.6 score on a scale Standard Deviation 13.5	65.1 score on a scale Standard Deviation 13.7
Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - Pain 13 weeks (T1)	73.1 score on a scale Standard Deviation 15.3	65.9 score on a scale Standard Deviation 15.6
Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - Pain 26 weeks (T2)	72.5 score on a scale Standard Deviation 18.3	74.8 score on a scale Standard Deviation 15.4
Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - Pain 39 weeks (T3)	72.1 score on a scale Standard Deviation 19.8	72.8 score on a scale Standard Deviation 13.2

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, 13 weeks, 26 weeks, 39 weeks

The Sport and Recreation Subscale ranges from 0 - 100, with 0 indicates extreme difficulties with sport and recreational activities due to knee problems and 100 indicates no difficulties.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Immediate Group n=26 Participants Participants received an education session, Fitbit/FitViz, physical therapist (PT) counselling in Weeks 1-13. The session included a presentation on physical activity, an individual goal-setting session with a registered PT, and an orientation to the Fitbit Flex and the FitViz app. In Weeks 1-8, participants used the Fitbit/FitViz. The PT reviewed the progress with participants via 20-minute bi-weekly phone calls, and progressively modify their activities. In Weeks 9-13, participants continued using the Fitbit/FitViz and had access to a PT via email as needed, but no bi-weekly phone calls. In Weeks 14-38, participants did not have access to a PT, but were encouraged to continue using the Fitbit and FitViz.	Delayed Group n=25 Participants Participants received the same intervention with a 13-week delay. The full intervention was initiated in Week 14 and with a brief education session, use of a Fitbit Flex paired with the FitViz app, and counseling by a physical therapist (PT). In Week 26-38, participants did not have access to a PT but were encouraged to continue using the Fitbit/FitViz.
Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - Sport and Recreation Baseline (T0)	47.9 units on a scale Standard Deviation 23.7	46.8 units on a scale Standard Deviation 25.4
Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - Sport and Recreation 13 weeks (T1)	47.1 units on a scale Standard Deviation 22.4	52.5 units on a scale Standard Deviation 22.7
Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - Sport and Recreation 26 weeks (T2)	50.5 units on a scale Standard Deviation 30.1	62.5 units on a scale Standard Deviation 22.5
Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - Sport and Recreation 39 weeks (T3)	51.6 units on a scale Standard Deviation 30.4	55.8 units on a scale Standard Deviation 26.3

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, 13 weeks, 26 weeks, 39 weeks

The Activity of Daily Living Subscale ranges from 0 - 100, with 0 indicates extreme difficulties with activity of daily living and 100 indicates no difficulties.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Immediate Group n=26 Participants Participants received an education session, Fitbit/FitViz, physical therapist (PT) counselling in Weeks 1-13. The session included a presentation on physical activity, an individual goal-setting session with a registered PT, and an orientation to the Fitbit Flex and the FitViz app. In Weeks 1-8, participants used the Fitbit/FitViz. The PT reviewed the progress with participants via 20-minute bi-weekly phone calls, and progressively modify their activities. In Weeks 9-13, participants continued using the Fitbit/FitViz and had access to a PT via email as needed, but no bi-weekly phone calls. In Weeks 14-38, participants did not have access to a PT, but were encouraged to continue using the Fitbit and FitViz.	Delayed Group n=25 Participants Participants received the same intervention with a 13-week delay. The full intervention was initiated in Week 14 and with a brief education session, use of a Fitbit Flex paired with the FitViz app, and counseling by a physical therapist (PT). In Week 26-38, participants did not have access to a PT but were encouraged to continue using the Fitbit/FitViz.
Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - Activity of Daily Living 39 weeks (T3)	74.8 score on a scale Standard Deviation 20.7	80.0 score on a scale Standard Deviation 14.0
Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - Activity of Daily Living Baseline (T0)	75.5 score on a scale Standard Deviation 14.7	72.2 score on a scale Standard Deviation 15.8
Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - Activity of Daily Living 13 weeks (T1)	75.0 score on a scale Standard Deviation 13.1	70.3 score on a scale Standard Deviation 16.9
Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - Activity of Daily Living 26 weeks (T2)	77.7 score on a scale Standard Deviation 18.9	80.3 score on a scale Standard Deviation 13.1

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, 13 weeks, 26 weeks, 39 weeks

The Quality of Life Subscale ranges from 0 - 100, with 0 indicates extreme problems with the knee and 100 indicates no problems.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Immediate Group n=26 Participants Participants received an education session, Fitbit/FitViz, physical therapist (PT) counselling in Weeks 1-13. The session included a presentation on physical activity, an individual goal-setting session with a registered PT, and an orientation to the Fitbit Flex and the FitViz app. In Weeks 1-8, participants used the Fitbit/FitViz. The PT reviewed the progress with participants via 20-minute bi-weekly phone calls, and progressively modify their activities. In Weeks 9-13, participants continued using the Fitbit/FitViz and had access to a PT via email as needed, but no bi-weekly phone calls. In Weeks 14-38, participants did not have access to a PT, but were encouraged to continue using the Fitbit and FitViz.	Delayed Group n=25 Participants Participants received the same intervention with a 13-week delay. The full intervention was initiated in Week 14 and with a brief education session, use of a Fitbit Flex paired with the FitViz app, and counseling by a physical therapist (PT). In Week 26-38, participants did not have access to a PT but were encouraged to continue using the Fitbit/FitViz.
Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - Quality of Life Baseline (T0)	44.0 score on a scale Standard Deviation 16.0	47.5 score on a scale Standard Deviation 16.0
Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - Quality of Life 13 weeks (T1)	48.7 score on a scale Standard Deviation 17.5	46.9 score on a scale Standard Deviation 13.6
Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - Quality of Life 26 weeks (T2)	49.4 score on a scale Standard Deviation 15.7	54.7 score on a scale Standard Deviation 14.7
Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - Quality of Life 39 weeks (T3)	49.3 score on a scale Standard Deviation 19.1	54.4 score on a scale Standard Deviation 14.6

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, 13 weeks, 26 weeks, 39 weeks

The PHQ-9 consists of nine questions (rated from 0 to 3) that correspond to nine diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder. Range 0-27; lower score = less depressive symptoms),

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Immediate Group n=26 Participants Participants received an education session, Fitbit/FitViz, physical therapist (PT) counselling in Weeks 1-13. The session included a presentation on physical activity, an individual goal-setting session with a registered PT, and an orientation to the Fitbit Flex and the FitViz app. In Weeks 1-8, participants used the Fitbit/FitViz. The PT reviewed the progress with participants via 20-minute bi-weekly phone calls, and progressively modify their activities. In Weeks 9-13, participants continued using the Fitbit/FitViz and had access to a PT via email as needed, but no bi-weekly phone calls. In Weeks 14-38, participants did not have access to a PT, but were encouraged to continue using the Fitbit and FitViz.	Delayed Group n=25 Participants Participants received the same intervention with a 13-week delay. The full intervention was initiated in Week 14 and with a brief education session, use of a Fitbit Flex paired with the FitViz app, and counseling by a physical therapist (PT). In Week 26-38, participants did not have access to a PT but were encouraged to continue using the Fitbit/FitViz.
The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) 26 weeks (T2)	3.6 score on a scale Standard Deviation 3.3	4.5 score on a scale Standard Deviation 5.2
The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) 39 weeks (T3)	4.2 score on a scale Standard Deviation 4.1	4.5 score on a scale Standard Deviation 5.3
The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) Baseline (T0)	5.2 score on a scale Standard Deviation 4.6	5.4 score on a scale Standard Deviation 5.3
The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) 13 weeks (T1)	4.0 score on a scale Standard Deviation 3.0	4.7 score on a scale Standard Deviation 4.9

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, Months 3, 6, and 9

The Partners in Health Scale ranges from 0 to 96, calculated from responses to 12 items on a 9-point Likert scale. A score of 0 represents poor self-management, and a score of 96 represents greater self-management capabilities.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Immediate Group n=26 Participants Participants received an education session, Fitbit/FitViz, physical therapist (PT) counselling in Weeks 1-13. The session included a presentation on physical activity, an individual goal-setting session with a registered PT, and an orientation to the Fitbit Flex and the FitViz app. In Weeks 1-8, participants used the Fitbit/FitViz. The PT reviewed the progress with participants via 20-minute bi-weekly phone calls, and progressively modify their activities. In Weeks 9-13, participants continued using the Fitbit/FitViz and had access to a PT via email as needed, but no bi-weekly phone calls. In Weeks 14-38, participants did not have access to a PT, but were encouraged to continue using the Fitbit and FitViz.	Delayed Group n=25 Participants Participants received the same intervention with a 13-week delay. The full intervention was initiated in Week 14 and with a brief education session, use of a Fitbit Flex paired with the FitViz app, and counseling by a physical therapist (PT). In Week 26-38, participants did not have access to a PT but were encouraged to continue using the Fitbit/FitViz.
Partners in Health Scale Baseline (T0)	76.8 score on a scale Standard Deviation 11.0	78.0 score on a scale Standard Deviation 12.0
Partners in Health Scale 13 weeks (T1)	76.7 score on a scale Standard Deviation 11.5	81.6 score on a scale Standard Deviation 9.6
Partners in Health Scale 26 weeks (T2)	78.9 score on a scale Standard Deviation 9.0	82.6 score on a scale Standard Deviation 9.3
Partners in Health Scale 29 weeks (T3)	81.0 score on a scale Standard Deviation 7.0	82.6 score on a scale Standard Deviation 10.0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, 13 weeks, 26 weeks, 39 weeks

The SRHI is a 12-item scale, rated on a 7-point Likert scale, that measures characteristics of habitual behavior. In the Habit index, participants rated their strength of habit for three specific activity-related behaviors: sitting during leisure time at home, sitting during usual occupational activities, and walking outside for 10 minutes. A higher score indicates a stronger habit or behavior that is done frequently, automatically, and done without thinking about it. Range 1-7; higher score = stronger habit.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Immediate Group n=26 Participants Participants received an education session, Fitbit/FitViz, physical therapist (PT) counselling in Weeks 1-13. The session included a presentation on physical activity, an individual goal-setting session with a registered PT, and an orientation to the Fitbit Flex and the FitViz app. In Weeks 1-8, participants used the Fitbit/FitViz. The PT reviewed the progress with participants via 20-minute bi-weekly phone calls, and progressively modify their activities. In Weeks 9-13, participants continued using the Fitbit/FitViz and had access to a PT via email as needed, but no bi-weekly phone calls. In Weeks 14-38, participants did not have access to a PT, but were encouraged to continue using the Fitbit and FitViz.	Delayed Group n=25 Participants Participants received the same intervention with a 13-week delay. The full intervention was initiated in Week 14 and with a brief education session, use of a Fitbit Flex paired with the FitViz app, and counseling by a physical therapist (PT). In Week 26-38, participants did not have access to a PT but were encouraged to continue using the Fitbit/FitViz.
Self-Reported Habit Index (SRHI) - Sitting at Work Subscale Baseline (T0)	5.0 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.4	4.5 score on a scale Standard Deviation 2.1
Self-Reported Habit Index (SRHI) - Sitting at Work Subscale 13 weeks (T1)	5.2 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.6	4.4 score on a scale Standard Deviation 2.0
Self-Reported Habit Index (SRHI) - Sitting at Work Subscale 26 weeks (T2)	4.7 score on a scale Standard Deviation 2.1	4.3 score on a scale Standard Deviation 2.1
Self-Reported Habit Index (SRHI) - Sitting at Work Subscale 39 weeks (T3)	5.0 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.9	4.1 score on a scale Standard Deviation 2.1

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, 13 weeks, 26 weeks, 39 weeks

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Immediate Group n=26 Participants Participants received an education session, Fitbit/FitViz, physical therapist (PT) counselling in Weeks 1-13. The session included a presentation on physical activity, an individual goal-setting session with a registered PT, and an orientation to the Fitbit Flex and the FitViz app. In Weeks 1-8, participants used the Fitbit/FitViz. The PT reviewed the progress with participants via 20-minute bi-weekly phone calls, and progressively modify their activities. In Weeks 9-13, participants continued using the Fitbit/FitViz and had access to a PT via email as needed, but no bi-weekly phone calls. In Weeks 14-38, participants did not have access to a PT, but were encouraged to continue using the Fitbit and FitViz.	Delayed Group n=25 Participants Participants received the same intervention with a 13-week delay. The full intervention was initiated in Week 14 and with a brief education session, use of a Fitbit Flex paired with the FitViz app, and counseling by a physical therapist (PT). In Week 26-38, participants did not have access to a PT but were encouraged to continue using the Fitbit/FitViz.
Self-Reported Habit Index (SRHI) - Sitting at Leisure Subscale 39 weeks (T3)	5.5 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.1	4.7 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.7
Self-Reported Habit Index (SRHI) - Sitting at Leisure Subscale Baseline (T0)	4.8 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.1	5.1 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.4
Self-Reported Habit Index (SRHI) - Sitting at Leisure Subscale 13 weeks (T1)	5.1 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.1	4.7 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.6
Self-Reported Habit Index (SRHI) - Sitting at Leisure Subscale 26 weeks (T2)	5.0 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.1	4.4 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.9

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, 13 weeks, 26 weeks, 39 weeks

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Immediate Group n=26 Participants Participants received an education session, Fitbit/FitViz, physical therapist (PT) counselling in Weeks 1-13. The session included a presentation on physical activity, an individual goal-setting session with a registered PT, and an orientation to the Fitbit Flex and the FitViz app. In Weeks 1-8, participants used the Fitbit/FitViz. The PT reviewed the progress with participants via 20-minute bi-weekly phone calls, and progressively modify their activities. In Weeks 9-13, participants continued using the Fitbit/FitViz and had access to a PT via email as needed, but no bi-weekly phone calls. In Weeks 14-38, participants did not have access to a PT, but were encouraged to continue using the Fitbit and FitViz.	Delayed Group n=25 Participants Participants received the same intervention with a 13-week delay. The full intervention was initiated in Week 14 and with a brief education session, use of a Fitbit Flex paired with the FitViz app, and counseling by a physical therapist (PT). In Week 26-38, participants did not have access to a PT but were encouraged to continue using the Fitbit/FitViz.
Self-Reported Habit Index (SRHI) - Walking Subscale Baseline (T0)	4.3 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.8	4.8 score on a scale Standard Deviation 2.0
Self-Reported Habit Index (SRHI) - Walking Subscale 13 weeks (T1)	4.4 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.6	4.6 score on a scale Standard Deviation 2.0
Self-Reported Habit Index (SRHI) - Walking Subscale 26 weeks (T2)	4.6 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.8	4.8 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.6
Self-Reported Habit Index (SRHI) - Walking Subscale 39 weeks (T3)	4.7 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.8	4.6 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.8

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, 13 weeks, 26 weeks, 39 weeks

The Theory of Planned Behavior Questionnaire consists of 16 items measuring all components of theory. It was used to measure motivation for physical activity. Range: 1-7; higher = more positive)

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Immediate Group n=26 Participants Participants received an education session, Fitbit/FitViz, physical therapist (PT) counselling in Weeks 1-13. The session included a presentation on physical activity, an individual goal-setting session with a registered PT, and an orientation to the Fitbit Flex and the FitViz app. In Weeks 1-8, participants used the Fitbit/FitViz. The PT reviewed the progress with participants via 20-minute bi-weekly phone calls, and progressively modify their activities. In Weeks 9-13, participants continued using the Fitbit/FitViz and had access to a PT via email as needed, but no bi-weekly phone calls. In Weeks 14-38, participants did not have access to a PT, but were encouraged to continue using the Fitbit and FitViz.	Delayed Group n=25 Participants Participants received the same intervention with a 13-week delay. The full intervention was initiated in Week 14 and with a brief education session, use of a Fitbit Flex paired with the FitViz app, and counseling by a physical therapist (PT). In Week 26-38, participants did not have access to a PT but were encouraged to continue using the Fitbit/FitViz.
Theory of Planned Behavior Questionnaire - Attitude Toward Physical Activity Baseline (T0)	6.0 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.6	6.1 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.6
Theory of Planned Behavior Questionnaire - Attitude Toward Physical Activity 13 weeks (T1)	5.9 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.7	6.1 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.7
Theory of Planned Behavior Questionnaire - Attitude Toward Physical Activity 26 weeks (T2)	6.0 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.5	6.2 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.6
Theory of Planned Behavior Questionnaire - Attitude Toward Physical Activity 39 weeks (T3)	6.0 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.5	6.1 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.7

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, 13 weeks, 26 weeks, 39 weeks

The Theory of Planned Behavior Questionnaire consists of 16 items measuring all components of theory. It was used to measure motivation for physical activity. Range: 1-7; higher = more positive)

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Immediate Group n=26 Participants Participants received an education session, Fitbit/FitViz, physical therapist (PT) counselling in Weeks 1-13. The session included a presentation on physical activity, an individual goal-setting session with a registered PT, and an orientation to the Fitbit Flex and the FitViz app. In Weeks 1-8, participants used the Fitbit/FitViz. The PT reviewed the progress with participants via 20-minute bi-weekly phone calls, and progressively modify their activities. In Weeks 9-13, participants continued using the Fitbit/FitViz and had access to a PT via email as needed, but no bi-weekly phone calls. In Weeks 14-38, participants did not have access to a PT, but were encouraged to continue using the Fitbit and FitViz.	Delayed Group n=25 Participants Participants received the same intervention with a 13-week delay. The full intervention was initiated in Week 14 and with a brief education session, use of a Fitbit Flex paired with the FitViz app, and counseling by a physical therapist (PT). In Week 26-38, participants did not have access to a PT but were encouraged to continue using the Fitbit/FitViz.
Theory of Planned Behavior Questionnaire - Subjective Norm Baseline (T0)	6.2 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.6	6.3 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.8
Theory of Planned Behavior Questionnaire - Subjective Norm 13 weeks (T1)	6.2 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.8	6.2 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.7
Theory of Planned Behavior Questionnaire - Subjective Norm 26 weeks (T2)	6.1 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.8	6.3 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.8
Theory of Planned Behavior Questionnaire - Subjective Norm 39 weeks (T3)	6.2 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.1	6.3 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.7

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, 13 weeks, 26 weeks, 39 weeks

The Theory of Planned Behavior Questionnaire consists of 16 items measuring all components of theory. It was used to measure motivation for physical activity. Range: 1-7; higher = more positive)

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Immediate Group n=26 Participants Participants received an education session, Fitbit/FitViz, physical therapist (PT) counselling in Weeks 1-13. The session included a presentation on physical activity, an individual goal-setting session with a registered PT, and an orientation to the Fitbit Flex and the FitViz app. In Weeks 1-8, participants used the Fitbit/FitViz. The PT reviewed the progress with participants via 20-minute bi-weekly phone calls, and progressively modify their activities. In Weeks 9-13, participants continued using the Fitbit/FitViz and had access to a PT via email as needed, but no bi-weekly phone calls. In Weeks 14-38, participants did not have access to a PT, but were encouraged to continue using the Fitbit and FitViz.	Delayed Group n=25 Participants Participants received the same intervention with a 13-week delay. The full intervention was initiated in Week 14 and with a brief education session, use of a Fitbit Flex paired with the FitViz app, and counseling by a physical therapist (PT). In Week 26-38, participants did not have access to a PT but were encouraged to continue using the Fitbit/FitViz.
Theory of Planned Behavior Questionnaire - Perceived Control Baseline (T0)	5.8 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.0	6.1 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.7
Theory of Planned Behavior Questionnaire - Perceived Control 13 weeks (T1)	5.6 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.4	5.8 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.2
Theory of Planned Behavior Questionnaire - Perceived Control 26 weeks (T2)	5.6 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.5	6.2 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.0
Theory of Planned Behavior Questionnaire - Perceived Control 39 weeks (T3)	5.7 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.4	6.2 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.9

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, 13 weeks, 26 weeks, 39 weeks

The Theory of Planned Behavior Questionnaire consists of 16 items measuring all components of theory. It was used to measure motivation for physical activity. Range: 1-7; higher = more positive)

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Immediate Group n=26 Participants Participants received an education session, Fitbit/FitViz, physical therapist (PT) counselling in Weeks 1-13. The session included a presentation on physical activity, an individual goal-setting session with a registered PT, and an orientation to the Fitbit Flex and the FitViz app. In Weeks 1-8, participants used the Fitbit/FitViz. The PT reviewed the progress with participants via 20-minute bi-weekly phone calls, and progressively modify their activities. In Weeks 9-13, participants continued using the Fitbit/FitViz and had access to a PT via email as needed, but no bi-weekly phone calls. In Weeks 14-38, participants did not have access to a PT, but were encouraged to continue using the Fitbit and FitViz.	Delayed Group n=25 Participants Participants received the same intervention with a 13-week delay. The full intervention was initiated in Week 14 and with a brief education session, use of a Fitbit Flex paired with the FitViz app, and counseling by a physical therapist (PT). In Week 26-38, participants did not have access to a PT but were encouraged to continue using the Fitbit/FitViz.
Theory of Planned Behavior Questionnaire - Intention Baseline (T0)	6.2 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.8	6.3 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.8
Theory of Planned Behavior Questionnaire - Intention 13 weeks (T1)	5.9 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.0	6.4 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.6
Theory of Planned Behavior Questionnaire - Intention 26 weeks (T2)	5.7 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.1	6.3 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.6
Theory of Planned Behavior Questionnaire - Intention 39 weeks (T3)	5.8 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.8	6.3 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.9

Adverse Events

Immediate Group

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 7 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Delay Group

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 3 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Other adverse events
Measure	Immediate Group n=26 participants at risk Education session, Fitbit/FitViz, PT counselling: Participants received this intervention in Weeks 1-13. The session included a presentation on physical activity, an individual goal-setting session with a registered physiotherapist, and an orientation to the Fitbit Flex and the FitViz app. In Weeks 1-8, participants used the Fitbit/FitViz. The PT reviewed the progress with participants via 20-minute bi-weekly phone calls, and progressively modify their activities. In Weeks 9-13, participants continued using the Fitbit/FitViz and had access to a PT via email as needed, but no bi-weekly phone calls. In Weeks 14-38, participants did not have access to a PT, but were encouraged to continue using the Fitbit/FitViz.	Delay Group n=25 participants at risk Same intervention with a 13-week delay: The full intervention was initiated in Week 14 and with a brief education session, use of a Fitbit Flex paired with the FitViz app, and counseling by a physiotherapist. In Week 26-38, participants did not have access to a PT, but were encouraged to continue using the Fitbit/FitViz.
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders Fall during physical activity	7.7% 2/26 • Number of events 2 • 39 weeks Self-reported adverse events were collected, including cardiovascular events, musculoskeletal events (e.g., muscle pain, ligament sprain), or falls while being physically active, were collected.	4.0% 1/25 • Number of events 1 • 39 weeks Self-reported adverse events were collected, including cardiovascular events, musculoskeletal events (e.g., muscle pain, ligament sprain), or falls while being physically active, were collected.
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders Muscle pain	19.2% 5/26 • Number of events 5 • 39 weeks Self-reported adverse events were collected, including cardiovascular events, musculoskeletal events (e.g., muscle pain, ligament sprain), or falls while being physically active, were collected.	8.0% 2/25 • Number of events 2 • 39 weeks Self-reported adverse events were collected, including cardiovascular events, musculoskeletal events (e.g., muscle pain, ligament sprain), or falls while being physically active, were collected.
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders Ligament sprain	0.00% 0/26 • 39 weeks Self-reported adverse events were collected, including cardiovascular events, musculoskeletal events (e.g., muscle pain, ligament sprain), or falls while being physically active, were collected.	0.00% 0/25 • 39 weeks Self-reported adverse events were collected, including cardiovascular events, musculoskeletal events (e.g., muscle pain, ligament sprain), or falls while being physically active, were collected.

Additional Information

Dr. Linda Li

University of British Columbia

Phone: 604-207-4020

Email: [email protected]

Results disclosure agreements

Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
Publication restrictions are in place