Study Results
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
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COMPLETED
NA
50 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2015-09-30
2018-07-16
Brief Summary
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Detailed Description
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The effects of power training (PT) versus ST on functional outcomes in older adults have varied, with some studies showing enhanced improvements in function, and others showing no difference in function compared to regular ST or compared to other interventions such as walking. Discrepancies might be the result of the variety of functional tests used, mode of training, variable frequency of sessions per week, differences in study length, and adults of varying functional status. It has been suggested that perhaps the standard 3-sessions-per-week frequency may not be optimal for the elderly. A previous investigation demonstrated that the effects from PT at 40% of the 1-repetition maximum (1RM: the highest amount that can be lifted once) in older adults was comparable to the effects from ST at 80% 1RM with improvements being similar between the two modes despite the lower daily ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) reported with PT (PT: RPE for leg press (12.2) and knee extension (14.6) vs ST: RPE for leg press (15.1) and knee extension (17)). Therefore, an 'easier' exercise training experience did not result in sacrifices in gains of strength and power. In theory, these factors (lighter loads, lower perceived exertions, similar strength and power gains) could affect adherence to exercise during and after a research-related exercise intervention has been completed and thus are important considerations in the design of a training program.
The purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of low-intensity (40% 1RM) PT on functional outcomes in older women.
Conditions
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Keywords
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
FACTORIAL
TREATMENT
SINGLE
Study Groups
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Once a week
Group 1 will be invited to perform resistance training exercise 1 day/week. After a 2-week familiarization phase, participants will engage in power training (40% of 1-repetition maximum) for 12 weeks. Instructions include telling participants to lift the weight concentrically 'as fast as possible', with a lowering phase (eccentric) of 2-3 seconds. Participants will perform 3 x 12-14 repetitions per exercise per session. Primarily lower body equipment will be used, including leg press, knee extension/flexion, hip extension/flexion, and calf-raises.
power training
Resistance training machines with CAM devices will be used for training.
Twice a week
Group 2 will be invited to perform resistance training exercise 2 days/week. After a 2-week familiarization phase, participants will engage in power training (40% of 1-repetition maximum) for 12 weeks. Instructions include telling participants to lift the weight concentrically 'as fast as possible', with a lowering phase (eccentric) of 2-3 seconds. Participants will perform 3 x 12-14 repetitions per exercise per session. Primarily lower body equipment will be used, including leg press, knee extension/flexion, hip extension/flexion, and calf-raises.
power training
Resistance training machines with CAM devices will be used for training.
Thrice a week
Group 3 will be invited to perform resistance training exercise 3 days/week. After a 2-week familiarization phase, participants will engage in power training (40% of 1-repetition maximum) for 12 weeks. Instructions include telling participants to lift the weight concentrically 'as fast as possible', with a lowering phase (eccentric) of 2-3 seconds. Participants will perform 3 x 12-14 repetitions per exercise per session. Primarily lower body equipment will be used, including leg press, knee extension/flexion, hip extension/flexion, and calf-raises.
power training
Resistance training machines with CAM devices will be used for training.
wait-control
Participants in this group will serve as controls prior to participating in power training in 1 of the above treatment groups. The control period will last as long as the exercise period, or 3 months. Controls will participate in the same testing time points as the exercisers (baseline, midpoint, and post-intervention).
No interventions assigned to this group
Interventions
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power training
Resistance training machines with CAM devices will be used for training.
Other Intervention Names
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* agree to the study protocol
* give informed-consent to the proposed research study
Exclusion Criteria
* diagnosed with myopathies
* currently prescribed cardiovascular medications or drugs that may affect muscle mass and/or their response to exercise (thyroid medications, sedatives, beta blockers, some statins)
* are diabetic
* have uncontrolled hypertension
* have been advised against participating in exercise by their doctor
65 Years
FEMALE
Yes
Sponsors
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University of Toronto
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Konstantina Katsoulis
Konstantina Katsoulis
Principal Investigators
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Catherine E Amara, Ph.D
Role: STUDY_DIRECTOR
University of Toronto; Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education
Locations
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Athletic Centre; 55 Harbord Street
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Countries
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References
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Fiatarone MA, O'Neill EF, Ryan ND, Clements KM, Solares GR, Nelson ME, Roberts SB, Kehayias JJ, Lipsitz LA, Evans WJ. Exercise training and nutritional supplementation for physical frailty in very elderly people. N Engl J Med. 1994 Jun 23;330(25):1769-75. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199406233302501.
Hartman MJ, Fields DA, Byrne NM, Hunter GR. Resistance training improves metabolic economy during functional tasks in older adults. J Strength Cond Res. 2007 Feb;21(1):91-5. doi: 10.1519/00124278-200702000-00017.
Hanson ED, Srivatsan SR, Agrawal S, Menon KS, Delmonico MJ, Wang MQ, Hurley BF. Effects of strength training on physical function: influence of power, strength, and body composition. J Strength Cond Res. 2009 Dec;23(9):2627-37. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181b2297b.
Pojednic RM, Clark DJ, Patten C, Reid K, Phillips EM, Fielding RA. The specific contributions of force and velocity to muscle power in older adults. Exp Gerontol. 2012 Aug;47(8):608-13. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2012.05.010. Epub 2012 May 22.
Sayers SP, Guralnik JM, Thombs LA, Fielding RA. Effect of leg muscle contraction velocity on functional performance in older men and women. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005 Mar;53(3):467-71. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53166.x.
Miszko TA, Cress ME, Slade JM, Covey CJ, Agrawal SK, Doerr CE. Effect of strength and power training on physical function in community-dwelling older adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2003 Feb;58(2):171-5. doi: 10.1093/gerona/58.2.m171.
Sayers SP, Gibson K. Effects of high-speed power training on muscle performance and braking speed in older adults. J Aging Res. 2012;2012:426278. doi: 10.1155/2012/426278. Epub 2012 Feb 28.
Henwood TR, Riek S, Taaffe DR. Strength versus muscle power-specific resistance training in community-dwelling older adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2008 Jan;63(1):83-91. doi: 10.1093/gerona/63.1.83.
Drey M, Zech A, Freiberger E, Bertsch T, Uter W, Sieber CC, Pfeifer K, Bauer JM. Effects of strength training versus power training on physical performance in prefrail community-dwelling older adults. Gerontology. 2012;58(3):197-204. doi: 10.1159/000332207. Epub 2011 Nov 3.
Earles DR, Judge JO, Gunnarsson OT. Velocity training induces power-specific adaptations in highly functioning older adults. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2001 Jul;82(7):872-8. doi: 10.1053/apmr.2001.23838.
Bamman MM, Hill VJ, Adams GR, Haddad F, Wetzstein CJ, Gower BA, Ahmed A, Hunter GR. Gender differences in resistance-training-induced myofiber hypertrophy among older adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2003 Feb;58(2):108-16. doi: 10.1093/gerona/58.2.b108.
Hunter GR, Wetzstein CJ, McLafferty CL Jr, Zuckerman PA, Landers KA, Bamman MM. High-resistance versus variable-resistance training in older adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001 Oct;33(10):1759-64. doi: 10.1097/00005768-200110000-00022.
Katsoulis K, Amara CE. The Effects of Power Training Frequency on Muscle Power and Functional Performance in Older Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Strength Cond Res. 2023 Nov 1;37(11):2289-2297. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000004527. Epub 2023 Jun 19.
Other Identifiers
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27773
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id