Trial Outcomes & Findings for Parasternal Nerve Block Using Bupivacaine for Postoperative Analgesia in Children Undergoing Cardiac Surgery (NCT NCT02512861)

NCT ID: NCT02512861

Last Updated: 2018-08-22

Results Overview

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

PHASE4

Target enrollment

93 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

Day of Surgery and Postoperative Day 1

Results posted on

2018-08-22

Participant Flow

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
Bupivacaine
Bupivacaine as a parasternal nerve block following pediatric cardiothoracic surgery Bupivacaine: Bupivacaine will be administered bilaterally to the parasternal intercostal spaces during surgery according to these doses: Under 20kgs weight: 0.25% Bupivacaine at 1 milliliter/kilogram (1ml/kg); Above 20kgs weight: 0.5% Bupivacaine at 0.5 ml/kg up to a maximum of 25ml of 0.5% Bupivacaine for patients \> 50 kgs
Placebo
Normal Saline Placebo: Saline will be administered bilaterally to the parasternal intercostal spaces during surgery according to these doses: Under 20kgs weight: 1 milliliter/kilogram (1ml/kg); Above 20kgs weight: 0.5 ml/kg up to a maximum of 25ml for patients \> 50 kgs
Overall Study
STARTED
44
49
Overall Study
COMPLETED
38
40
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
6
9

Reasons for withdrawal

Reasons for withdrawal
Measure
Bupivacaine
Bupivacaine as a parasternal nerve block following pediatric cardiothoracic surgery Bupivacaine: Bupivacaine will be administered bilaterally to the parasternal intercostal spaces during surgery according to these doses: Under 20kgs weight: 0.25% Bupivacaine at 1 milliliter/kilogram (1ml/kg); Above 20kgs weight: 0.5% Bupivacaine at 0.5 ml/kg up to a maximum of 25ml of 0.5% Bupivacaine for patients \> 50 kgs
Placebo
Normal Saline Placebo: Saline will be administered bilaterally to the parasternal intercostal spaces during surgery according to these doses: Under 20kgs weight: 1 milliliter/kilogram (1ml/kg); Above 20kgs weight: 0.5 ml/kg up to a maximum of 25ml for patients \> 50 kgs
Overall Study
Protocol Violation
3
7
Overall Study
Physician Decision
3
1
Overall Study
Withdrawal by Subject
0
1

Baseline Characteristics

Parasternal Nerve Block Using Bupivacaine for Postoperative Analgesia in Children Undergoing Cardiac Surgery

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
Bupivacaine
n=38 Participants
Bupivacaine as a parasternal nerve block following pediatric cardiothoracic surgery Bupivacaine: Bupivacaine will be administered bilaterally to the parasternal intercostal spaces during surgery according to these doses: Under 20kgs weight: 0.25% Bupivacaine at 1 milliliter/kilogram (1ml/kg); Above 20kgs weight: 0.5% Bupivacaine at 0.5 ml/kg up to a maximum of 25ml of 0.5% Bupivacaine for patients \> 50 kgs
Placebo
n=40 Participants
Normal Saline Placebo: Saline will be administered bilaterally to the parasternal intercostal spaces during surgery according to these doses: Under 20kgs weight: 1 milliliter/kilogram (1ml/kg); Above 20kgs weight: 0.5 ml/kg up to a maximum of 25ml for patients \> 50 kgs
Total
n=78 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
Age, Continuous
1 years
n=5 Participants
0.8 years
n=7 Participants
0.84 years
n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
15 Participants
n=5 Participants
18 Participants
n=7 Participants
33 Participants
n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
23 Participants
n=5 Participants
22 Participants
n=7 Participants
45 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Black/African American
3 Participants
n=5 Participants
2 Participants
n=7 Participants
5 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
White/Caucasian
30 Participants
n=5 Participants
26 Participants
n=7 Participants
56 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Asian
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
1 Participants
n=7 Participants
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Hispanic/Latino
2 Participants
n=5 Participants
2 Participants
n=7 Participants
4 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
American Indian/Alaskan
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
4 Participants
n=7 Participants
4 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Bi-racial
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
1 Participants
n=7 Participants
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Declined
3 Participants
n=5 Participants
4 Participants
n=7 Participants
7 Participants
n=5 Participants
Region of Enrollment
United States
38 participants
n=5 Participants
40 participants
n=7 Participants
78 participants
n=5 Participants
Comorbidities
Respiratory
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
3 Participants
n=7 Participants
3 Participants
n=5 Participants
Comorbidities
Gastrointestinal
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
1 Participants
n=7 Participants
2 Participants
n=5 Participants
Comorbidities
Genetic
11 Participants
n=5 Participants
7 Participants
n=7 Participants
18 Participants
n=5 Participants
Comorbidities
Neurodevelopmental/Developmental Delay
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
2 Participants
n=7 Participants
3 Participants
n=5 Participants
Comorbidities
None
24 Participants
n=5 Participants
25 Participants
n=7 Participants
49 Participants
n=5 Participants
Comorbidities
Other
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
2 Participants
n=7 Participants
3 Participants
n=5 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Day of Surgery and Postoperative Day 1

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Bupivacaine
n=38 Participants
Bupivacaine as a parasternal nerve block following pediatric cardiothoracic surgery Bupivacaine: Bupivacaine will be administered bilaterally to the parasternal intercostal spaces during surgery according to these doses: Under 20kgs weight: 0.25% Bupivacaine at 1 milliliter/kilogram (1ml/kg); Above 20kgs weight: 0.5% Bupivacaine at 0.5 ml/kg up to a maximum of 25ml of 0.5% Bupivacaine for patients \> 50 kgs
Placebo
n=40 Participants
Normal Saline Placebo: Saline will be administered bilaterally to the parasternal intercostal spaces during surgery according to these doses: Under 20kgs weight: 1 milliliter/kilogram (1ml/kg); Above 20kgs weight: 0.5 ml/kg up to a maximum of 25ml for patients \> 50 kgs
Total Fentanyl/Equivalent Day 0-1
23.6 mcg/kg/day
Interval 10.7 to 34.3
22.4 mcg/kg/day
Interval 13.3 to 32.6

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Day of Surgery and Postoperative Day 1

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Bupivacaine
n=38 Participants
Bupivacaine as a parasternal nerve block following pediatric cardiothoracic surgery Bupivacaine: Bupivacaine will be administered bilaterally to the parasternal intercostal spaces during surgery according to these doses: Under 20kgs weight: 0.25% Bupivacaine at 1 milliliter/kilogram (1ml/kg); Above 20kgs weight: 0.5% Bupivacaine at 0.5 ml/kg up to a maximum of 25ml of 0.5% Bupivacaine for patients \> 50 kgs
Placebo
n=40 Participants
Normal Saline Placebo: Saline will be administered bilaterally to the parasternal intercostal spaces during surgery according to these doses: Under 20kgs weight: 1 milliliter/kilogram (1ml/kg); Above 20kgs weight: 0.5 ml/kg up to a maximum of 25ml for patients \> 50 kgs
Patient-Controlled Analgesia (PCA) Fentanyl/Equivalent Day 0-1
15.7 mcg/kg/day
Interval 8.5 to 22.1
14.6 mcg/kg/day
Interval 10.6 to 21.7

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 5 days post cardiac surgery

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Bupivacaine
n=38 Participants
Bupivacaine as a parasternal nerve block following pediatric cardiothoracic surgery Bupivacaine: Bupivacaine will be administered bilaterally to the parasternal intercostal spaces during surgery according to these doses: Under 20kgs weight: 0.25% Bupivacaine at 1 milliliter/kilogram (1ml/kg); Above 20kgs weight: 0.5% Bupivacaine at 0.5 ml/kg up to a maximum of 25ml of 0.5% Bupivacaine for patients \> 50 kgs
Placebo
n=40 Participants
Normal Saline Placebo: Saline will be administered bilaterally to the parasternal intercostal spaces during surgery according to these doses: Under 20kgs weight: 1 milliliter/kilogram (1ml/kg); Above 20kgs weight: 0.5 ml/kg up to a maximum of 25ml for patients \> 50 kgs
Postoperative Length of Intubation
5.9 hours
Interval 3.7 to 19.5
6.4 hours
Interval 3.3 to 22.1

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 12 hours post-surgery

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Bupivacaine
n=38 Participants
Bupivacaine as a parasternal nerve block following pediatric cardiothoracic surgery Bupivacaine: Bupivacaine will be administered bilaterally to the parasternal intercostal spaces during surgery according to these doses: Under 20kgs weight: 0.25% Bupivacaine at 1 milliliter/kilogram (1ml/kg); Above 20kgs weight: 0.5% Bupivacaine at 0.5 ml/kg up to a maximum of 25ml of 0.5% Bupivacaine for patients \> 50 kgs
Placebo
n=40 Participants
Normal Saline Placebo: Saline will be administered bilaterally to the parasternal intercostal spaces during surgery according to these doses: Under 20kgs weight: 1 milliliter/kilogram (1ml/kg); Above 20kgs weight: 0.5 ml/kg up to a maximum of 25ml for patients \> 50 kgs
Postoperative Cortisol Levels
25.4 microgram/deciliter
Interval 15.5 to 44.8
27.7 microgram/deciliter
Interval 14.9 to 59.4

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Day of Surgery

Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) scale: range is from 0 to 10 and a higher score indicates greater level of pain (worse outcome).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Bupivacaine
n=24 Participants
Bupivacaine as a parasternal nerve block following pediatric cardiothoracic surgery Bupivacaine: Bupivacaine will be administered bilaterally to the parasternal intercostal spaces during surgery according to these doses: Under 20kgs weight: 0.25% Bupivacaine at 1 milliliter/kilogram (1ml/kg); Above 20kgs weight: 0.5% Bupivacaine at 0.5 ml/kg up to a maximum of 25ml of 0.5% Bupivacaine for patients \> 50 kgs
Placebo
n=28 Participants
Normal Saline Placebo: Saline will be administered bilaterally to the parasternal intercostal spaces during surgery according to these doses: Under 20kgs weight: 1 milliliter/kilogram (1ml/kg); Above 20kgs weight: 0.5 ml/kg up to a maximum of 25ml for patients \> 50 kgs
Postoperative Pain Scores-Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) Scale
0 score on a scale
Interval 0.0 to 2.88
0 score on a scale
Interval 0.0 to 1.15

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Day of Surgery

State Behavioral Scale (SBS): range is from -3 to 2. A higher score indicates a patient is more uncomfortable and agitated (worse outcome).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Bupivacaine
n=24 Participants
Bupivacaine as a parasternal nerve block following pediatric cardiothoracic surgery Bupivacaine: Bupivacaine will be administered bilaterally to the parasternal intercostal spaces during surgery according to these doses: Under 20kgs weight: 0.25% Bupivacaine at 1 milliliter/kilogram (1ml/kg); Above 20kgs weight: 0.5% Bupivacaine at 0.5 ml/kg up to a maximum of 25ml of 0.5% Bupivacaine for patients \> 50 kgs
Placebo
n=28 Participants
Normal Saline Placebo: Saline will be administered bilaterally to the parasternal intercostal spaces during surgery according to these doses: Under 20kgs weight: 1 milliliter/kilogram (1ml/kg); Above 20kgs weight: 0.5 ml/kg up to a maximum of 25ml for patients \> 50 kgs
Postoperative Pain Scores-State Behavioral Scale (SBS)
-0.25 score on a scale
Interval -1.0 to 1.0
-0.25 score on a scale
Interval -1.0 to 0.0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 36 hours post-surgery

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Bupivacaine
n=38 Participants
Bupivacaine as a parasternal nerve block following pediatric cardiothoracic surgery Bupivacaine: Bupivacaine will be administered bilaterally to the parasternal intercostal spaces during surgery according to these doses: Under 20kgs weight: 0.25% Bupivacaine at 1 milliliter/kilogram (1ml/kg); Above 20kgs weight: 0.5% Bupivacaine at 0.5 ml/kg up to a maximum of 25ml of 0.5% Bupivacaine for patients \> 50 kgs
Placebo
n=40 Participants
Normal Saline Placebo: Saline will be administered bilaterally to the parasternal intercostal spaces during surgery according to these doses: Under 20kgs weight: 1 milliliter/kilogram (1ml/kg); Above 20kgs weight: 0.5 ml/kg up to a maximum of 25ml for patients \> 50 kgs
Postoperative Cortisol Levels
9.4 microgram/deciliter
Interval 5.1 to 17.3
9.1 microgram/deciliter
Interval 3.6 to 20.7

Adverse Events

Bupivacaine

Serious events: 3 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Placebo

Serious events: 6 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Serious adverse events
Measure
Bupivacaine
n=38 participants at risk
Bupivacaine as a parasternal nerve block following pediatric cardiothoracic surgery Bupivacaine: Bupivacaine will be administered bilaterally to the parasternal intercostal spaces during surgery according to these doses: Under 20kgs weight: 0.25% Bupivacaine at 1 milliliter/kilogram (1ml/kg); Above 20kgs weight: 0.5% Bupivacaine at 0.5 ml/kg up to a maximum of 25ml of 0.5% Bupivacaine for patients \> 50 kgs
Placebo
n=40 participants at risk
Normal Saline Placebo: Saline will be administered bilaterally to the parasternal intercostal spaces during surgery according to these doses: Under 20kgs weight: 1 milliliter/kilogram (1ml/kg); Above 20kgs weight: 0.5 ml/kg up to a maximum of 25ml for patients \> 50 kgs
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Shallow Breathing/Increased Work of Breathing
0.00%
0/38 • Adverse event data was collected over the first five post-operative days.
The method for collecting adverse event information was via daily collection form/questionnaire by the study coordinator for the first five post-operative days.
5.0%
2/40 • Number of events 2 • Adverse event data was collected over the first five post-operative days.
The method for collecting adverse event information was via daily collection form/questionnaire by the study coordinator for the first five post-operative days.
Blood and lymphatic system disorders
Significant blood/chest tube losses requiring transfusion or fluid resuscitation
5.3%
2/38 • Number of events 2 • Adverse event data was collected over the first five post-operative days.
The method for collecting adverse event information was via daily collection form/questionnaire by the study coordinator for the first five post-operative days.
5.0%
2/40 • Number of events 2 • Adverse event data was collected over the first five post-operative days.
The method for collecting adverse event information was via daily collection form/questionnaire by the study coordinator for the first five post-operative days.
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Pneumothorax or Pleural effusion
0.00%
0/38 • Adverse event data was collected over the first five post-operative days.
The method for collecting adverse event information was via daily collection form/questionnaire by the study coordinator for the first five post-operative days.
5.0%
2/40 • Number of events 2 • Adverse event data was collected over the first five post-operative days.
The method for collecting adverse event information was via daily collection form/questionnaire by the study coordinator for the first five post-operative days.
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Acute respiratory syncytial virus leading to pneumonia
2.6%
1/38 • Number of events 1 • Adverse event data was collected over the first five post-operative days.
The method for collecting adverse event information was via daily collection form/questionnaire by the study coordinator for the first five post-operative days.
0.00%
0/40 • Adverse event data was collected over the first five post-operative days.
The method for collecting adverse event information was via daily collection form/questionnaire by the study coordinator for the first five post-operative days.

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

Mark Lo Galbo, MPH, CCRP

Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota

Phone: (612)-813-7828

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
  • Publication restrictions are in place