Trial Outcomes & Findings for Antidepressant Effects of the Glycine Receptor Antagonist AV-101 (4-chlorokynurenine) in Major Depressive Disorder (NCT NCT02484456)

NCT ID: NCT02484456

Last Updated: 2022-04-11

Results Overview

The Hamilton Depression Rating scale is a 17-item global measure of depressive symptoms on a 5-point scale ranging from 0 = not present to 4 = severe (full score values = 0,1,2,3,4). Some items rated on a scale of 0-2 (0, 1, 2) with 0 = not present to 2 = more severe. Total scores are a sum of the individual items. The maximum total score being 52 on the 17-point scale, and the minimum score being 0.Total scores of 0-7 are considered as being normal, 8-16 suggest mild depression, 17-23 moderate depression and scores over 24 are indicative of severe depression.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

PHASE2

Target enrollment

22 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

Post Dose Day 0

Results posted on

2022-04-11

Participant Flow

22 participants signed consent. 3 participants withdrew before start of treatment leaving 19 participants starting.

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
AV 101 (4-chlorokynurenine), Then Placebo
After a two-week drug-free period, participants received daily oral dose of AV 101 (4-chlorokynurenine) monotherapy 1,080mg/day for seven days, then dose increased to AV 101 1,440mg/day for next seven days followed by a two-week washout period; then crossover to placebo phase with daily dose of placebo pill for two weeks.
Placebo, Then AV 101 (4-chlorokynurenine)
After a two-week drug-free period, participants received daily dose of placebo pill for two weeks followed by two-week washout period; then crossover to AV 101 (4-chlorokynurenine) treatment phase with daily oral dose of AV 101 monotherapy 1,080mg/day for seven days, then dose increased to AV 101 1,440mg/day for next seven days.
First Treatment Period: Week 1
STARTED
10
9
First Treatment Period: Week 1
COMPLETED
10
9
First Treatment Period: Week 1
NOT COMPLETED
0
0
First Treatment Period: Week 2
STARTED
10
9
First Treatment Period: Week 2
COMPLETED
10
9
First Treatment Period: Week 2
NOT COMPLETED
0
0
Washout Period
STARTED
10
9
Washout Period
COMPLETED
10
8
Washout Period
NOT COMPLETED
0
1
Second Treatment Period: Week 1
STARTED
10
8
Second Treatment Period: Week 1
COMPLETED
9
7
Second Treatment Period: Week 1
NOT COMPLETED
1
1
Second Treatment Period: Week 2
STARTED
9
7
Second Treatment Period: Week 2
COMPLETED
9
6
Second Treatment Period: Week 2
NOT COMPLETED
0
1

Reasons for withdrawal

Reasons for withdrawal
Measure
AV 101 (4-chlorokynurenine), Then Placebo
After a two-week drug-free period, participants received daily oral dose of AV 101 (4-chlorokynurenine) monotherapy 1,080mg/day for seven days, then dose increased to AV 101 1,440mg/day for next seven days followed by a two-week washout period; then crossover to placebo phase with daily dose of placebo pill for two weeks.
Placebo, Then AV 101 (4-chlorokynurenine)
After a two-week drug-free period, participants received daily dose of placebo pill for two weeks followed by two-week washout period; then crossover to AV 101 (4-chlorokynurenine) treatment phase with daily oral dose of AV 101 monotherapy 1,080mg/day for seven days, then dose increased to AV 101 1,440mg/day for next seven days.
Washout Period
Withdrawal by Subject
0
1
Second Treatment Period: Week 1
Adverse Event
1
0
Second Treatment Period: Week 1
Withdrawal by Subject
0
1
Second Treatment Period: Week 2
Adverse Event
0
1

Baseline Characteristics

Antidepressant Effects of the Glycine Receptor Antagonist AV-101 (4-chlorokynurenine) in Major Depressive Disorder

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
AV 101 (4-chlorokynurenine), Then Placebo
n=10 Participants
After a two-week drug-free period, participants received daily oral dose of AV 101 (4-chlorokynurenine) monotherapy 1,080mg/day for seven days, then dose increased to AV 101 1,440mg/day for next seven days followed by a two-week washout period; then crossover to placebo phase with daily dose of placebo pill for two weeks.
Placebo, Then AV 101 (4-chlorokynurenine)
n=9 Participants
After a two-week drug-free period, participants received daily dose of placebo pill for two weeks followed by two-week washout period; then crossover to AV 101 (4-chlorokynurenine) treatment phase with daily oral dose of AV 101 monotherapy 1,080mg/day for seven days, then dose increased to AV 101 1,440mg/day for next seven days.
Total
n=19 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
Age, Categorical
<=18 years
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Age, Categorical
Between 18 and 65 years
10 Participants
n=5 Participants
9 Participants
n=7 Participants
19 Participants
n=5 Participants
Age, Categorical
>=65 years
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
5 Participants
n=5 Participants
4 Participants
n=7 Participants
9 Participants
n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
5 Participants
n=5 Participants
5 Participants
n=7 Participants
10 Participants
n=5 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Hispanic or Latino
2 Participants
n=5 Participants
1 Participants
n=7 Participants
3 Participants
n=5 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Not Hispanic or Latino
8 Participants
n=5 Participants
8 Participants
n=7 Participants
16 Participants
n=5 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
9 Participants
n=5 Participants
8 Participants
n=7 Participants
17 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
1 Participants
n=7 Participants
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Post Dose Day 0

Population: The primary analysis compared active drug condition with placebo condition. Using within subject data (each person serving as their own control), we estimated means for drug, placebo and their difference at each time point. If outcome data were missing subsequent to a participant dropping out, their available data was included in the model.

The Hamilton Depression Rating scale is a 17-item global measure of depressive symptoms on a 5-point scale ranging from 0 = not present to 4 = severe (full score values = 0,1,2,3,4). Some items rated on a scale of 0-2 (0, 1, 2) with 0 = not present to 2 = more severe. Total scores are a sum of the individual items. The maximum total score being 52 on the 17-point scale, and the minimum score being 0.Total scores of 0-7 are considered as being normal, 8-16 suggest mild depression, 17-23 moderate depression and scores over 24 are indicative of severe depression.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
AV 101 (4-chlorokynurenine)
n=19 Participants
Participants received daily oral dose of AV 101 monotherapy 1,080mg/day for seven days, then 1,440mg/day for next seven days.
Placebo
n=19 Participants
Participants received a daily oral dose of placebo pills for 2 weeks.
Model Adjusted Means for Hamilton Depression Rating Score
20.22 score on a scale
Standard Error 0.68
20.56 score on a scale
Standard Error 0.51

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Post Dose Day 1

Population: The primary analysis compared active drug condition with placebo condition. Using within subject data (each person serving as their own control), we estimated means for drug, placebo and their difference at each time point. If outcome data were missing subsequent to a participant dropping out, their available data was included in the model.

The Hamilton Depression Rating scale is a 17-item global measure of depressive symptoms on a 5-point scale ranging from 0 = not present to 4 = severe (full score values = 0,1,2,3,4). Some items rated on a scale of 0-2 (0, 1, 2) with 0 = not present to 2 = more severe. Total scores are a sum of the individual items. The maximum total score being 52 on the 17-point scale, and the minimum score being 0.Total scores of 0-7 are considered as being normal, 8-16 suggest mild depression, 17-23 moderate depression and scores over 24 are indicative of severe depression.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
AV 101 (4-chlorokynurenine)
n=19 Participants
Participants received daily oral dose of AV 101 monotherapy 1,080mg/day for seven days, then 1,440mg/day for next seven days.
Placebo
n=19 Participants
Participants received a daily oral dose of placebo pills for 2 weeks.
Model Adjusted Means for Hamilton Depression Rating Score
20.22 score on a scale
Standard Error 0.58
20.06 score on a scale
Standard Error 0.52

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Post Dose Day 2

Population: The primary analysis compared active drug condition with placebo condition. Using within subject data (each person serving as their own control), we estimated means for drug, placebo and their difference at each time point. If outcome data were missing subsequent to a participant dropping out, their available data was included in the model.

The Hamilton Depression Rating scale is a 17-item global measure of depressive symptoms on a 5-point scale ranging from 0 = not present to 4 = severe (full score values = 0,1,2,3,4). Some items rated on a scale of 0-2 (0, 1, 2) with 0 = not present to 2 = more severe. Total scores are a sum of the individual items. The maximum total score being 52 on the 17-point scale, and the minimum score being 0.Total scores of 0-7 are considered as being normal, 8-16 suggest mild depression, 17-23 moderate depression and scores over 24 are indicative of severe depression.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
AV 101 (4-chlorokynurenine)
n=19 Participants
Participants received daily oral dose of AV 101 monotherapy 1,080mg/day for seven days, then 1,440mg/day for next seven days.
Placebo
n=19 Participants
Participants received a daily oral dose of placebo pills for 2 weeks.
Model Adjusted Means for Hamilton Depression Rating Score
20.75 score on a scale
Standard Error 0.62
20.41 score on a scale
Standard Error 0.71

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Post Dose Day 3

Population: The primary analysis compared active drug condition with placebo condition. Using within subject data (each person serving as their own control), we estimated means for drug, placebo and their difference at each time point. If outcome data were missing subsequent to a participant dropping out, their available data was included in the model.

The Hamilton Depression Rating scale is a 17-item global measure of depressive symptoms on a 5-point scale ranging from 0 = not present to 4 = severe (full score values = 0,1,2,3,4). Some items rated on a scale of 0-2 (0, 1, 2) with 0 = not present to 2 = more severe. Total scores are a sum of the individual items. The maximum total score being 52 on the 17-point scale, and the minimum score being 0.Total scores of 0-7 are considered as being normal, 8-16 suggest mild depression, 17-23 moderate depression and scores over 24 are indicative of severe depression.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
AV 101 (4-chlorokynurenine)
n=19 Participants
Participants received daily oral dose of AV 101 monotherapy 1,080mg/day for seven days, then 1,440mg/day for next seven days.
Placebo
n=19 Participants
Participants received a daily oral dose of placebo pills for 2 weeks.
Model Adjusted Means for Hamilton Depression Rating Score
19.51 score on a scale
Standard Error 0.72
20.74 score on a scale
Standard Error 0.83

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Post Dose Day 7

Population: The primary analysis compared active drug condition with placebo condition. Using within subject data (each person serving as their own control), we estimated means for drug, placebo and their difference at each time point. If outcome data were missing subsequent to a participant dropping out, their available data was included in the model.

The Hamilton Depression Rating scale is a 17-item global measure of depressive symptoms on a 5-point scale ranging from 0 = not present to 4 = severe (full score values = 0,1,2,3,4). Some items rated on a scale of 0-2 (0, 1, 2) with 0 = not present to 2 = more severe. Total scores are a sum of the individual items. The maximum total score being 52 on the 17-point scale, and the minimum score being 0.Total scores of 0-7 are considered as being normal, 8-16 suggest mild depression, 17-23 moderate depression and scores over 24 are indicative of severe depression.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
AV 101 (4-chlorokynurenine)
n=19 Participants
Participants received daily oral dose of AV 101 monotherapy 1,080mg/day for seven days, then 1,440mg/day for next seven days.
Placebo
n=19 Participants
Participants received a daily oral dose of placebo pills for 2 weeks.
Model Adjusted Means for Hamilton Depression Rating Score
21.28 score on a scale
Standard Error 0.70
20.43 score on a scale
Standard Error 1.10

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Post Dose Day 13

Population: The primary analysis compared active drug condition with placebo condition. Using within subject data (each person serving as their own control), we estimated means for drug, placebo and their difference at each time point. If outcome data were missing subsequent to a participant dropping out, their available data was included in the model.

The Hamilton Depression Rating scale is a 17-item global measure of depressive symptoms on a 5-point scale ranging from 0 = not present to 4 = severe (full score values = 0,1,2,3,4). Some items rated on a scale of 0-2 (0, 1, 2) with 0 = not present to 2 = more severe. Total scores are a sum of the individual items. The maximum total score being 52 on the 17-point scale, and the minimum score being 0.Total scores of 0-7 are considered as being normal, 8-16 suggest mild depression, 17-23 moderate depression and scores over 24 are indicative of severe depression.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
AV 101 (4-chlorokynurenine)
n=19 Participants
Participants received daily oral dose of AV 101 monotherapy 1,080mg/day for seven days, then 1,440mg/day for next seven days.
Placebo
n=19 Participants
Participants received a daily oral dose of placebo pills for 2 weeks.
Model Adjusted Means for Hamilton Depression Rating Score
21.52 score on a scale
Standard Error 1.13
19.69 score on a scale
Standard Error 1.13

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Post Dose Day 0

Population: The primary analysis compared active drug condition with placebo condition. Using within subject data (each person serving as their own control), we estimated means for drug, placebo and their difference at each time point. If outcome data were missing subsequent to a participant dropping out, their available data was included in the model.

The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is a 21-item measure of depression with each question on a 4-point scale ranging from 0=minimal to 3 = more severe (full list score values = 0,1,2,3). Total scores are a sum of individual items. The minimal depression = 0-13, mild depression = 14-19, moderate depression = 20-28, and severe depression = 29-63. The maximum score being 63 and the minimum possible score = 0.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
AV 101 (4-chlorokynurenine)
n=19 Participants
Participants received daily oral dose of AV 101 monotherapy 1,080mg/day for seven days, then 1,440mg/day for next seven days.
Placebo
n=19 Participants
Participants received a daily oral dose of placebo pills for 2 weeks.
Model Adjusted Means for Beck Depression Score
25.35 score on a scale
Standard Error 0.79
25.79 score on a scale
Standard Error 0.63

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Post Dose Day 1

Population: The primary analysis compared active drug condition with placebo condition. Using within subject data (each person serving as their own control), we estimated means for drug, placebo and their difference at each time point. If outcome data were missing subsequent to a participant dropping out, their available data was included in the model.

The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is a 21-item measure of depression with each question on a 4-point scale ranging from 0=minimal to 3 = more severe (full list score values = 0,1,2,3). Total scores are a sum of individual items. The minimal depression = 0-13, mild depression = 14-19, moderate depression = 20-28, and severe depression = 29-63. The maximum score being 63 and the minimum possible score = 0.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
AV 101 (4-chlorokynurenine)
n=19 Participants
Participants received daily oral dose of AV 101 monotherapy 1,080mg/day for seven days, then 1,440mg/day for next seven days.
Placebo
n=19 Participants
Participants received a daily oral dose of placebo pills for 2 weeks.
Model Adjusted Means for Beck Depression Score
24.76 score on a scale
Standard Error 0.84
24.75 score on a scale
Standard Error 1.04

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Post Dose Day 2

Population: The primary analysis compared active drug condition with placebo condition. Using within subject data (each person serving as their own control), we estimated means for drug, placebo and their difference at each time point. If outcome data were missing subsequent to a participant dropping out, their available data was included in the model.

The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is a 21-item measure of depression with each question on a 4-point scale ranging from 0=minimal to 3 = more severe (full list score values = 0,1,2,3). Total scores are a sum of individual items. The minimal depression = 0-13, mild depression = 14-19, moderate depression = 20-28, and severe depression = 29-63. The maximum score being 63 and the minimum possible score = 0.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
AV 101 (4-chlorokynurenine)
n=19 Participants
Participants received daily oral dose of AV 101 monotherapy 1,080mg/day for seven days, then 1,440mg/day for next seven days.
Placebo
n=19 Participants
Participants received a daily oral dose of placebo pills for 2 weeks.
Model Adjusted Means for Beck Depression Score
25.88 score on a scale
Standard Error 0.67
26.14 score on a scale
Standard Error 0.99

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Post Dose Day 3

Population: The primary analysis compared active drug condition with placebo condition. Using within subject data (each person serving as their own control), we estimated means for drug, placebo and their difference at each time point. If outcome data were missing subsequent to a participant dropping out, their available data was included in the model.

The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is a 21-item measure of depression with each question on a 4-point scale ranging from 0=minimal to 3 = more severe (full list score values = 0,1,2,3). Total scores are a sum of individual items. The minimal depression = 0-13, mild depression = 14-19, moderate depression = 20-28, and severe depression = 29-63. The maximum score being 63 and the minimum possible score = 0.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
AV 101 (4-chlorokynurenine)
n=19 Participants
Participants received daily oral dose of AV 101 monotherapy 1,080mg/day for seven days, then 1,440mg/day for next seven days.
Placebo
n=19 Participants
Participants received a daily oral dose of placebo pills for 2 weeks.
Model Adjusted Means for Beck Depression Score
25.64 score on a scale
Standard Error 0.69
24.64 score on a scale
Standard Error 1.35

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Post Dose Day 7

Population: The primary analysis compared active drug condition with placebo condition. Using within subject data (each person serving as their own control), we estimated means for drug, placebo and their difference at each time point. If outcome data were missing subsequent to a participant dropping out, their available data was included in the model.

The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is a 21-item measure of depression with each question on a 4-point scale ranging from 0=minimal to 3 = more severe (full list score values = 0,1,2,3). Total scores are a sum of individual items. The minimal depression = 0-13, mild depression = 14-19, moderate depression = 20-28, and severe depression = 29-63. The maximum score being 63 and the minimum possible score = 0.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
AV 101 (4-chlorokynurenine)
n=19 Participants
Participants received daily oral dose of AV 101 monotherapy 1,080mg/day for seven days, then 1,440mg/day for next seven days.
Placebo
n=19 Participants
Participants received a daily oral dose of placebo pills for 2 weeks.
Model Adjusted Means for Beck Depression Score
25.82 score on a scale
Standard Error 1.13
24.22 score on a scale
Standard Error 1.35

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Post Dose Day 13

Population: The primary analysis compared active drug condition with placebo condition. Using within subject data (each person serving as their own control), we estimated means for drug, placebo and their difference at each time point. If outcome data were missing subsequent to a participant dropping out, their available data was included in the model.

The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is a 21-item measure of depression with each question on a 4-point scale ranging from 0=minimal to 3 = more severe (full list score values = 0,1,2,3). Total scores are a sum of individual items. The minimal depression = 0-13, mild depression = 14-19, moderate depression = 20-28, and severe depression = 29-63. The maximum score being 63 and the minimum possible score = 0.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
AV 101 (4-chlorokynurenine)
n=19 Participants
Participants received daily oral dose of AV 101 monotherapy 1,080mg/day for seven days, then 1,440mg/day for next seven days.
Placebo
n=19 Participants
Participants received a daily oral dose of placebo pills for 2 weeks.
Model Adjusted Means for Beck Depression Score
25.86 score on a scale
Standard Error 1.09
23.84 score on a scale
Standard Error 1.55

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Post Dose Day 0

Population: The primary analysis compared active drug condition with placebo condition. Using within subject data (each person serving as their own control), we estimated means for drug, placebo and their difference at each time point. If outcome data were missing subsequent to a participant dropping out, their available data was included in the model.

The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) is a 14-item global measure of anxiety symptoms. Each item is scored on a scale of 0 (not present) to 4 (severe) (full score list = 0,1,2,3,4), with a total score range of 0-56 (0 = minimum score and 56 = maximum), where \<17 indicates mild severity, 18-24 mild to moderate severity and 25-30 moderate to severe. Total scores are a sum of individual items.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
AV 101 (4-chlorokynurenine)
n=19 Participants
Participants received daily oral dose of AV 101 monotherapy 1,080mg/day for seven days, then 1,440mg/day for next seven days.
Placebo
n=19 Participants
Participants received a daily oral dose of placebo pills for 2 weeks.
Model Adjusted Means for Hamilton Anxiety Rating Score
15.71 score on a scale
Standard Error 0.56
16.20 score on a scale
Standard Error 0.72

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Post Dose Day 1

Population: The primary analysis compared active drug condition with placebo condition. Using within subject data (each person serving as their own control), we estimated means for drug, placebo and their difference at each time point. If outcome data were missing subsequent to a participant dropping out, their available data was included in the model.

The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) is a 14-item global measure of anxiety symptoms. Each item is scored on a scale of 0 (not present) to 4 (severe) (full score list = 0,1,2,3,4), with a total score range of 0-56 (0 = minimum score and 56 = maximum), where \<17 indicates mild severity, 18-24 mild to moderate severity and 25-30 moderate to severe. Total scores are a sum of individual items.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
AV 101 (4-chlorokynurenine)
n=19 Participants
Participants received daily oral dose of AV 101 monotherapy 1,080mg/day for seven days, then 1,440mg/day for next seven days.
Placebo
n=19 Participants
Participants received a daily oral dose of placebo pills for 2 weeks.
Model Adjusted Means for Hamilton Anxiety Rating Score
17.30 score on a scale
Standard Error 0.61
16.67 score on a scale
Standard Error 0.75

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Post Dose Day 2

Population: The primary analysis compared active drug condition with placebo condition. Using within subject data (each person serving as their own control), we estimated means for drug, placebo and their difference at each time point. If outcome data were missing subsequent to a participant dropping out, their available data was included in the model.

The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) is a 14-item global measure of anxiety symptoms. Each item is scored on a scale of 0 (not present) to 4 (severe) (full score list = 0,1,2,3,4), with a total score range of 0-56 (0 = minimum score and 56 = maximum), where \<17 indicates mild severity, 18-24 mild to moderate severity and 25-30 moderate to severe. Total scores are a sum of individual items.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
AV 101 (4-chlorokynurenine)
n=19 Participants
Participants received daily oral dose of AV 101 monotherapy 1,080mg/day for seven days, then 1,440mg/day for next seven days.
Placebo
n=19 Participants
Participants received a daily oral dose of placebo pills for 2 weeks.
Model Adjusted Means for Hamilton Anxiety Rating Score
17.83 score on a scale
Standard Error 0.55
17.66 score on a scale
Standard Error 0.94

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Post Dose Day 3

Population: The primary analysis compared active drug condition with placebo condition. Using within subject data (each person serving as their own control), we estimated means for drug, placebo and their difference at each time point. If outcome data were missing subsequent to a participant dropping out, their available data was included in the model.

The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) is a 14-item global measure of anxiety symptoms. Each item is scored on a scale of 0 (not present) to 4 (severe) (full score list = 0,1,2,3,4), with a total score range of 0-56 (0 = minimum score and 56 = maximum), where \<17 indicates mild severity, 18-24 mild to moderate severity and 25-30 moderate to severe. Total scores are a sum of individual items.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
AV 101 (4-chlorokynurenine)
n=19 Participants
Participants received daily oral dose of AV 101 monotherapy 1,080mg/day for seven days, then 1,440mg/day for next seven days.
Placebo
n=19 Participants
Participants received a daily oral dose of placebo pills for 2 weeks.
Model Adjusted Means for Hamilton Anxiety Rating Score
16.48 score on a scale
Standard Error 0.65
17.87 score on a scale
Standard Error 0.62

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Post Dose Day 7

Population: The primary analysis compared active drug condition with placebo condition. Using within subject data (each person serving as their own control), we estimated means for drug, placebo and their difference at each time point. If outcome data were missing subsequent to a participant dropping out, their available data was included in the model.

The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) is a 14-item global measure of anxiety symptoms. Each item is scored on a scale of 0 (not present) to 4 (severe) (full score list = 0,1,2,3,4), with a total score range of 0-56 (0 = minimum score and 56 = maximum), where \<17 indicates mild severity, 18-24 mild to moderate severity and 25-30 moderate to severe. Total scores are a sum of individual items.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
AV 101 (4-chlorokynurenine)
n=19 Participants
Participants received daily oral dose of AV 101 monotherapy 1,080mg/day for seven days, then 1,440mg/day for next seven days.
Placebo
n=19 Participants
Participants received a daily oral dose of placebo pills for 2 weeks.
Model Adjusted Means for Hamilton Anxiety Rating Score
18.42 score on a scale
Standard Error 0.74
17.25 score on a scale
Standard Error 1.06

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Post Dose Day 13

Population: The primary analysis compared active drug condition with placebo condition. Using within subject data (each person serving as their own control), we estimated means for drug, placebo and their difference at each time point. If outcome data were missing subsequent to a participant dropping out, their available data was included in the model.

The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) is a 14-item global measure of anxiety symptoms. Each item is scored on a scale of 0 (not present) to 4 (severe) (full score list = 0,1,2,3,4), with a total score range of 0-56 (0 = minimum score and 56 = maximum), where \<17 indicates mild severity, 18-24 mild to moderate severity and 25-30 moderate to severe. Total scores are a sum of individual items.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
AV 101 (4-chlorokynurenine)
n=19 Participants
Participants received daily oral dose of AV 101 monotherapy 1,080mg/day for seven days, then 1,440mg/day for next seven days.
Placebo
n=19 Participants
Participants received a daily oral dose of placebo pills for 2 weeks.
Model Adjusted Means for Hamilton Anxiety Rating Score
18.33 score on a scale
Standard Error 0.81
16.28 score on a scale
Standard Error 0.97

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Post Dose Day 0

Population: The primary analysis compared active drug condition with placebo condition. Using within subject data (each person serving as their own control), we estimated means for drug, placebo and their difference at each time point. If outcome data were missing subsequent to a participant dropping out, their available data was included in the model.

The Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) is a 10-item global measure evaluating core symptoms of depression. Questions concern how the patient has felt over the past week. Each item is rated on a scale from 0 to 6, with 0 being "normal/not present" and 6 being "extreme" (full score list = 0,1,2,3,4,5,6). Maximum score = 60, minimum score = 0. Total scores are a sum of the individual items.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
AV 101 (4-chlorokynurenine)
n=19 Participants
Participants received daily oral dose of AV 101 monotherapy 1,080mg/day for seven days, then 1,440mg/day for next seven days.
Placebo
n=19 Participants
Participants received a daily oral dose of placebo pills for 2 weeks.
Model Adjusted Means for Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Score
29.28 score on a scale
Standard Error 0.62
29.48 score on a scale
Standard Error 0.76

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Post Dose Day 1

Population: The primary analysis compared active drug condition with placebo condition. Using within subject data (each person serving as their own control), we estimated means for drug, placebo and their difference at each time point. If outcome data were missing subsequent to a participant dropping out, their available data was included in the model.

The Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) is a 10-item global measure evaluating core symptoms of depression. Questions concern how the patient has felt over the past week. Each item is rated on a scale from 0 to 6, with 0 being "normal/not present" and 6 being "extreme" (full score list = 0,1,2,3,4,5,6). Maximum score = 60, minimum score = 0. Total scores are a sum of the individual items.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
AV 101 (4-chlorokynurenine)
n=19 Participants
Participants received daily oral dose of AV 101 monotherapy 1,080mg/day for seven days, then 1,440mg/day for next seven days.
Placebo
n=19 Participants
Participants received a daily oral dose of placebo pills for 2 weeks.
Model Adjusted Means for Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Score
28.75 score on a scale
Standard Error 0.63
28.79 score on a scale
Standard Error 1.06

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Post Dose Day 2

Population: The primary analysis compared active drug condition with placebo condition. Using within subject data (each person serving as their own control), we estimated means for drug, placebo and their difference at each time point. If outcome data were missing subsequent to a participant dropping out, their available data was included in the model.

The Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) is a 10-item global measure evaluating core symptoms of depression. Questions concern how the patient has felt over the past week. Each item is rated on a scale from 0 to 6, with 0 being "normal/not present" and 6 being "extreme" (full score list = 0,1,2,3,4,5,6). Maximum score = 60, minimum score = 0. Total scores are a sum of the individual items.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
AV 101 (4-chlorokynurenine)
n=19 Participants
Participants received daily oral dose of AV 101 monotherapy 1,080mg/day for seven days, then 1,440mg/day for next seven days.
Placebo
n=19 Participants
Participants received a daily oral dose of placebo pills for 2 weeks.
Model Adjusted Means for Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Score
29.51 score on a scale
Standard Error 0.48
29.84 score on a scale
Standard Error 1.30

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Post Dose Day 3

Population: The primary analysis compared active drug condition with placebo condition. Using within subject data (each person serving as their own control), we estimated means for drug, placebo and their difference at each time point. If outcome data were missing subsequent to a participant dropping out, their available data was included in the model.

The Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) is a 10-item global measure evaluating core symptoms of depression. Questions concern how the patient has felt over the past week. Each item is rated on a scale from 0 to 6, with 0 being "normal/not present" and 6 being "extreme" (full score list = 0,1,2,3,4,5,6). Maximum score = 60, minimum score = 0. Total scores are a sum of the individual items.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
AV 101 (4-chlorokynurenine)
n=19 Participants
Participants received daily oral dose of AV 101 monotherapy 1,080mg/day for seven days, then 1,440mg/day for next seven days.
Placebo
n=19 Participants
Participants received a daily oral dose of placebo pills for 2 weeks.
Model Adjusted Means for Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Score
29.85 score on a scale
Standard Error 0.71
30.81 score on a scale
Standard Error 1.10

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Post Dose Day 7

Population: The primary analysis compared active drug condition with placebo condition. Using within subject data (each person serving as their own control), we estimated means for drug, placebo and their difference at each time point. If outcome data were missing subsequent to a participant dropping out, their available data was included in the model.

The Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) is a 10-item global measure evaluating core symptoms of depression. Questions concern how the patient has felt over the past week. Each item is rated on a scale from 0 to 6, with 0 being "normal/not present" and 6 being "extreme" (full score list = 0,1,2,3,4,5,6). Maximum score = 60, minimum score = 0. Total scores are a sum of the individual items.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
AV 101 (4-chlorokynurenine)
n=19 Participants
Participants received daily oral dose of AV 101 monotherapy 1,080mg/day for seven days, then 1,440mg/day for next seven days.
Placebo
n=19 Participants
Participants received a daily oral dose of placebo pills for 2 weeks.
Model Adjusted Means for Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Score
30.45 score on a scale
Standard Error 0.89
28.64 score on a scale
Standard Error 1.67

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Post Dose Day 13

Population: The primary analysis compared active drug condition with placebo condition. Using within subject data (each person serving as their own control), we estimated means for drug, placebo and their difference at each time point. If outcome data were missing subsequent to a participant dropping out, their available data was included in the model.

The Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) is a 10-item global measure evaluating core symptoms of depression. Questions concern how the patient has felt over the past week. Each item is rated on a scale from 0 to 6, with 0 being "normal/not present" and 6 being "extreme" (full score list = 0,1,2,3,4,5,6). Maximum score = 60, minimum score = 0. Total scores are a sum of the individual items.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
AV 101 (4-chlorokynurenine)
n=19 Participants
Participants received daily oral dose of AV 101 monotherapy 1,080mg/day for seven days, then 1,440mg/day for next seven days.
Placebo
n=19 Participants
Participants received a daily oral dose of placebo pills for 2 weeks.
Model Adjusted Means for Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Score
29.70 score on a scale
Standard Error 1.05
27.06 score on a scale
Standard Error 1.25

Adverse Events

AV 101 (4-chlorokynurenine) 1,080 mg for 1 Week

Serious events: 1 serious events
Other events: 9 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

AV 101 (4-chlorokynurenine) 1,440 mg for 1 Week

Serious events: 1 serious events
Other events: 7 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Placebo 2 Weeks

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 6 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Serious adverse events
Measure
AV 101 (4-chlorokynurenine) 1,080 mg for 1 Week
n=19 participants at risk
Daily oral dose of AV 101 (4-chlorokynurenine) monotherapy 1,080mg/day for seven days
AV 101 (4-chlorokynurenine) 1,440 mg for 1 Week
n=19 participants at risk
Daily oral dose of AV 101 (4-chlorokynurenine) monotherapy 1,440 mg/day for seven days
Placebo 2 Weeks
n=19 participants at risk
Daily dose of placebo pill for two weeks
Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
Cerebrospinal fluid leakage
0.00%
0/19 • 3 months
5.3%
1/19 • 3 months
0.00%
0/19 • 3 months
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Pulmonary embolism
5.3%
1/19 • 3 months
0.00%
0/19 • 3 months
0.00%
0/19 • 3 months
Nervous system disorders
Speech disorder
0.00%
0/19 • 3 months
5.3%
1/19 • 3 months
0.00%
0/19 • 3 months

Other adverse events

Other adverse events
Measure
AV 101 (4-chlorokynurenine) 1,080 mg for 1 Week
n=19 participants at risk
Daily oral dose of AV 101 (4-chlorokynurenine) monotherapy 1,080mg/day for seven days
AV 101 (4-chlorokynurenine) 1,440 mg for 1 Week
n=19 participants at risk
Daily oral dose of AV 101 (4-chlorokynurenine) monotherapy 1,440 mg/day for seven days
Placebo 2 Weeks
n=19 participants at risk
Daily dose of placebo pill for two weeks
Cardiac disorders
Chest pain
0.00%
0/19 • 3 months
0.00%
0/19 • 3 months
5.3%
1/19 • 3 months
Eye disorders
Eye irritation
0.00%
0/19 • 3 months
5.3%
1/19 • 3 months
5.3%
1/19 • 3 months
Eye disorders
Vision blurred
0.00%
0/19 • 3 months
0.00%
0/19 • 3 months
5.3%
1/19 • 3 months
Gastrointestinal disorders
Abdominal discomfort
0.00%
0/19 • 3 months
5.3%
1/19 • 3 months
10.5%
2/19 • 3 months
Gastrointestinal disorders
Diarrhoea
0.00%
0/19 • 3 months
0.00%
0/19 • 3 months
5.3%
1/19 • 3 months
Gastrointestinal disorders
Nausea
0.00%
0/19 • 3 months
5.3%
1/19 • 3 months
0.00%
0/19 • 3 months
General disorders
Cold sweat
0.00%
0/19 • 3 months
5.3%
1/19 • 3 months
0.00%
0/19 • 3 months
General disorders
Decreased appetite
0.00%
0/19 • 3 months
0.00%
0/19 • 3 months
5.3%
1/19 • 3 months
General disorders
Fatigue
0.00%
0/19 • 3 months
0.00%
0/19 • 3 months
5.3%
1/19 • 3 months
General disorders
Irritability
10.5%
2/19 • 3 months
0.00%
0/19 • 3 months
5.3%
1/19 • 3 months
General disorders
Pyrexia
5.3%
1/19 • 3 months
0.00%
0/19 • 3 months
0.00%
0/19 • 3 months
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
Musculoskeletal pain
15.8%
3/19 • 3 months
0.00%
0/19 • 3 months
15.8%
3/19 • 3 months
Nervous system disorders
Advanced sleep phase
5.3%
1/19 • 3 months
0.00%
0/19 • 3 months
10.5%
2/19 • 3 months
Nervous system disorders
Headache
26.3%
5/19 • 3 months
0.00%
0/19 • 3 months
15.8%
3/19 • 3 months
Nervous system disorders
Insomnia
15.8%
3/19 • 3 months
0.00%
0/19 • 3 months
10.5%
2/19 • 3 months
Nervous system disorders
Memory impairment
10.5%
2/19 • 3 months
5.3%
1/19 • 3 months
5.3%
1/19 • 3 months
Nervous system disorders
Motor dysfunction
5.3%
1/19 • 3 months
0.00%
0/19 • 3 months
10.5%
2/19 • 3 months
Nervous system disorders
Peripheral sensory neuropathy
0.00%
0/19 • 3 months
0.00%
0/19 • 3 months
5.3%
1/19 • 3 months
Nervous system disorders
Sedation
15.8%
3/19 • 3 months
5.3%
1/19 • 3 months
0.00%
0/19 • 3 months
Nervous system disorders
Sensory loss
0.00%
0/19 • 3 months
0.00%
0/19 • 3 months
10.5%
2/19 • 3 months
Nervous system disorders
Sleep phase rhythm disturbance
0.00%
0/19 • 3 months
5.3%
1/19 • 3 months
0.00%
0/19 • 3 months
Nervous system disorders
Tremor
5.3%
1/19 • 3 months
0.00%
0/19 • 3 months
0.00%
0/19 • 3 months
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
Skin irritation
5.3%
1/19 • 3 months
0.00%
0/19 • 3 months
5.3%
1/19 • 3 months
Infections and infestations
Influenza
0.00%
0/19 • 3 months
0.00%
0/19 • 3 months
5.3%
1/19 • 3 months
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
Pain in jaw
0.00%
0/19 • 3 months
5.3%
1/19 • 3 months
0.00%
0/19 • 3 months
Gastrointestinal disorders
Pharyngitis
5.3%
1/19 • 3 months
0.00%
0/19 • 3 months
0.00%
0/19 • 3 months
Gastrointestinal disorders
Reflux gastritis
5.3%
1/19 • 3 months
0.00%
0/19 • 3 months
0.00%
0/19 • 3 months
General disorders
Asthenia
0.00%
0/19 • 3 months
5.3%
1/19 • 3 months
0.00%
0/19 • 3 months

Additional Information

Zarate, Carlos

National Institute of Mental Health

Phone: +1 301 451 0861

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
  • Publication restrictions are in place