The AHEAD Study: Monitoring Anticoagulated Patients Who Suffer Head Injury
NCT ID: NCT02461498
Last Updated: 2015-06-03
Study Results
Results pending
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
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Recruitment Status
COMPLETED
Total Enrollment
3556 participants
Study Classification
OBSERVATIONAL
Study Start Date
2011-07-31
Study Completion Date
2013-03-31
Brief Summary
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Existing practice in emergency departments (ED) in the United Kingdom (UK) for managing patients taking warfarin after a blunt head injury is variable with little research that supports the most appropriate way to manage these patients. The investigators aimed to undertake research in order to understand the range and frequency of outcomes following head injury in this group of patients and to develop robust clinical guidance for how they should be optimally managed in the future.
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Detailed Description
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This prospective observational study aims to enrol patients taking warfarin that attend participating ED's (up to 33) in England and Scotland after blunt head injury. Over an 18-month period from Oct 2011, ED attendance data will be collected from each ED as well as information from patient questionnaires about the care the patient received and the status of their health 6-10 weeks after the injury. Patients who died due to their head injury, experienced surgery due to their injury, had a change identified on a CT scan or re-attended the ED with a clear head injury complication are defined as experiencing a poor outcome. Information such as the patients' conscious state (GCS), level of clotting in their blood (INR) and symptoms will be investigated as predictors of a poor outcome. A mathematical model will be used to estimate the most cost-effective strategy assuming published National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) thresholds for cost per quality adjusted life year (QALY).
Conditions
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Craniocerebral Trauma
Head Injuries, Closed
Study Design
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Observational Model Type
COHORT
Study Time Perspective
PROSPECTIVE
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* 16 years or older
* Blunt head trauma above the neck within 24 hours of ED attendance
* Prescribed warfarin
* Blunt head trauma above the neck within 24 hours of ED attendance
* Prescribed warfarin
Exclusion Criteria
* Penetrating injuries to the head, for example knife wound.
Minimum Eligible Age
16 Years
Eligible Sex
ALL
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Yes
Sponsors
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National Institute for Health Research, United Kingdom
OTHER_GOV
Sponsor Role
collaborator
University of Sheffield
OTHER
Sponsor Role
lead
Responsible Party
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Professor Suzanne Mason
Professor of Emergency Medicine
Responsibility Role
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Principal Investigators
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Suzanne Mason, MD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
University of Sheffield
References
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Saab M, Gray A, Hodgkinson D, Irfan M. Warfarin and the apparent minor head injury. J Accid Emerg Med. 1996 May;13(3):208-9. doi: 10.1136/emj.13.3.208.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Stiell IG, Wells GA, Vandemheen K, Clement C, Lesiuk H, Laupacis A, McKnight RD, Verbeek R, Brison R, Cass D, Eisenhauer ME, Greenberg G, Worthington J. The Canadian CT Head Rule for patients with minor head injury. Lancet. 2001 May 5;357(9266):1391-6. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(00)04561-x.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Haydel MJ, Preston CA, Mills TJ, Luber S, Blaudeau E, DeBlieux PM. Indications for computed tomography in patients with minor head injury. N Engl J Med. 2000 Jul 13;343(2):100-5. doi: 10.1056/NEJM200007133430204.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Mower WR, Hoffman JR, Herbert M, Wolfson AB, Pollack CV Jr, Zucker MI; NEXUS II Investigators. National Emergency X-Radiography Utilization Study. Developing a clinical decision instrument to rule out intracranial injuries in patients with minor head trauma: methodology of the NEXUS II investigation. Ann Emerg Med. 2002 Nov;40(5):505-14. doi: 10.1067/mem.2002.129245.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Volans AP. The risks of minor head injury in the warfarinised patient. J Accid Emerg Med. 1998 May;15(3):159-61. doi: 10.1136/emj.15.3.159.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Hart RG, Boop BS, Anderson DC. Oral anticoagulants and intracranial hemorrhage. Facts and hypotheses. Stroke. 1995 Aug;26(8):1471-7. doi: 10.1161/01.str.26.8.1471.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Hylek EM, Singer DE. Risk factors for intracranial hemorrhage in outpatients taking warfarin. Ann Intern Med. 1994 Jun 1;120(11):897-902. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-120-11-199406010-00001.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Ferrera PC, Bartfield JM. Outcomes of anticoagulated trauma patients. Am J Emerg Med. 1999 Mar;17(2):154-6. doi: 10.1016/s0735-6757(99)90050-5.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Mathiesen T, Benediktsdottir K, Johnsson H, Lindqvist M, von Holst H. Intracranial traumatic and non-traumatic haemorrhagic complications of warfarin treatment. Acta Neurol Scand. 1995 Mar;91(3):208-14. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.1995.tb00436.x.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
National Collaborating Centre for Acute Care (UK). Head Injury: Triage, Assessment, Investigation and Early Management of Head Injury in Infants, Children and Adults. London: National Collaborating Centre for Acute Care (UK); 2007 Sep. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK53036/
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Wilson JT, Pettigrew LE, Teasdale GM. Structured interviews for the Glasgow Outcome Scale and the extended Glasgow Outcome Scale: guidelines for their use. J Neurotrauma. 1998 Aug;15(8):573-85. doi: 10.1089/neu.1998.15.573.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
EuroQol Group. EuroQol--a new facility for the measurement of health-related quality of life. Health Policy. 1990 Dec;16(3):199-208. doi: 10.1016/0168-8510(90)90421-9.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Landefeld CS, Beyth RJ. Anticoagulant-related bleeding: clinical epidemiology, prediction, and prevention. Am J Med. 1993 Sep;95(3):315-28. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(93)90285-w.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Fortuna GR, Mueller EW, James LE, Shutter LA, Butler KL. The impact of preinjury antiplatelet and anticoagulant pharmacotherapy on outcomes in elderly patients with hemorrhagic brain injury. Surgery. 2008 Oct;144(4):598-603; discussion 603-5. doi: 10.1016/j.surg.2008.06.009. Epub 2008 Aug 29.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Li J, Brown J, Levine M. Mild head injury, anticoagulants, and risk of intracranial injury. Lancet. 2001 Mar 10;357(9258):771-2. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)04163-5.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Gittleman AM, Ortiz AO, Keating DP, Katz DS. Indications for CT in patients receiving anticoagulation after head trauma. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2005 Mar;26(3):603-6.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Lavoie A, Ratte S, Clas D, Demers J, Moore L, Martin M, Bergeron E. Preinjury warfarin use among elderly patients with closed head injuries in a trauma center. J Trauma. 2004 Apr;56(4):802-7. doi: 10.1097/01.ta.0000066183.02177.af.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Fabbri A, Vandelli A, Servadei F, Marchesini G. Coagulopathy and NICE recommendations for patients with mild head injury. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2004 Dec;75(12):1787-8. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.2004.041384. No abstract available.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Teasdale G, Murray G, Parker L, Jennett B. Adding up the Glasgow Coma Score. Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien). 1979;28(1):13-6. doi: 10.1007/978-3-7091-4088-8_2. No abstract available.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Fenwick E, Claxton K, Sculpher M. Representing uncertainty: the role of cost-effectiveness acceptability curves. Health Econ. 2001 Dec;10(8):779-87. doi: 10.1002/hec.635.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Felli JC, Hazen GB. Sensitivity analysis and the expected value of perfect information. Med Decis Making. 1998 Jan-Mar;18(1):95-109. doi: 10.1177/0272989X9801800117.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Ades AE, Lu G, Claxton K. Expected value of sample information calculations in medical decision modeling. Med Decis Making. 2004 Mar-Apr;24(2):207-27. doi: 10.1177/0272989X04263162.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Wilson JT, Edwards P, Fiddes H, Stewart E, Teasdale GM. Reliability of postal questionnaires for the Glasgow Outcome Scale. J Neurotrauma. 2002 Sep;19(9):999-1005. doi: 10.1089/089771502760341910.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Mason S, Kuczawski M, Teare MD, Stevenson M, Goodacre S, Ramlakhan S, Morris F, Rothwell J. AHEAD Study: an observational study of the management of anticoagulated patients who suffer head injury. BMJ Open. 2017 Jan 13;7(1):e014324. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014324.
Reference Type
DERIVED
Kuczawski M, Stevenson M, Goodacre S, Teare MD, Ramlakhan S, Morris F, Mason S. Should all anticoagulated patients with head injury receive a CT scan? Decision-analysis modelling of an observational cohort. BMJ Open. 2016 Dec 13;6(12):e013742. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013742.
Reference Type
DERIVED
Other Identifiers
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PB-PG-0808-17148
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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