Trial Outcomes & Findings for Evaluation of a Modified Running-specific Prosthetic Foot (NCT NCT02440711)

NCT ID: NCT02440711

Last Updated: 2023-08-02

Results Overview

Breath-by-Breath VO2 was collected as participants walked on a treadmill at self selected fast, normal, and slow speeds. Participants walked for 6 minutes at each speed (and in each experimental condition). VO2 was normalized energy expenditure to each participant's biological mass (i.e., body mass without prosthesis) Normalized VO2 data were averaged to produce 30-s values for minutes 3-6 of each trial. These 30-s values were used in for the described analyses. Both gross and net VO2 were examined, but produced similar results, so only gross VO2 results are reported.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

NA

Target enrollment

36 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

Participants were tested after using each foot in their prosthesis for 1 month.

Results posted on

2023-08-02

Participant Flow

39 participants were screened for eligibility between May 15, 2015 and 09/26/2017 at a research laboratory in Seattle, WA.

39 participants were randomized. 3 participants did not meet the eligibility criteria. 36 participants were enrolled.

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
mRSF-ESF
Study participants in Arm 1 will first receive the Modified running specific foot (mRSF) and then the Energy storing foot (ESF). Outcomes will be assessed (in each condition) after 1 month of use. Order of interventions will be randomly assigned. Energy storing foot (ESF): A commercially-available energy storing prosthetic foot Modified running specific foot (mRSF): A running specific prosthetic foot customized for both running and walking activities
ESF-mRSF
Study participants in Arm 2 will first receive the Energy storing foot (ESF) and then the Modified running specific foot (mRSF). Outcomes will be assessed (in each condition) after 1 month of use. Order of interventions will be randomly assigned. Energy storing foot (ESF): A commercially-available energy storing prosthetic foot Modified running specific foot (mRSF): A running specific prosthetic foot customized for both running and walking activities
First Intervention
STARTED
16
20
First Intervention
Unilateral Amputation
14
17
First Intervention
Bilateral Amputation
2
3
First Intervention
COMPLETED
16
20
First Intervention
NOT COMPLETED
0
0
Second Intervention
STARTED
16
20
Second Intervention
Unilateral Amputation
14
17
Second Intervention
Bilateral Amputation
2
3
Second Intervention
COMPLETED
15
20
Second Intervention
NOT COMPLETED
1
0

Reasons for withdrawal

Reasons for withdrawal
Measure
mRSF-ESF
Study participants in Arm 1 will first receive the Modified running specific foot (mRSF) and then the Energy storing foot (ESF). Outcomes will be assessed (in each condition) after 1 month of use. Order of interventions will be randomly assigned. Energy storing foot (ESF): A commercially-available energy storing prosthetic foot Modified running specific foot (mRSF): A running specific prosthetic foot customized for both running and walking activities
ESF-mRSF
Study participants in Arm 2 will first receive the Energy storing foot (ESF) and then the Modified running specific foot (mRSF). Outcomes will be assessed (in each condition) after 1 month of use. Order of interventions will be randomly assigned. Energy storing foot (ESF): A commercially-available energy storing prosthetic foot Modified running specific foot (mRSF): A running specific prosthetic foot customized for both running and walking activities
Second Intervention
Lost to Follow-up
1
0

Baseline Characteristics

Evaluation of a Modified Running-specific Prosthetic Foot

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
mRSF-ESF
n=16 Participants
Study participants in Arm 1 will first receive the Modified running specific foot (mRSF) and then the Energy storing foot (ESF). Outcomes will be assessed (in each condition) after 1 month of use. Order of interventions will be randomly assigned. Energy storing foot (ESF): A commercially-available energy storing prosthetic foot Modified running specific foot (mRSF): A running specific prosthetic foot customized for both running and walking activities
ESF-mRSF
n=20 Participants
Study participants in Arm 2 will first receive the Energy storing foot (ESF) and then the Modified running specific foot (mRSF). Outcomes will be assessed (in each condition) after 1 month of use. Order of interventions will be randomly assigned. Energy storing foot (ESF): A commercially-available energy storing prosthetic foot Modified running specific foot (mRSF): A running specific prosthetic foot customized for both running and walking activities
Total
n=36 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
Age, Categorical
<=18 years
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Age, Categorical
Between 18 and 65 years
15 Participants
n=5 Participants
20 Participants
n=7 Participants
35 Participants
n=5 Participants
Age, Categorical
>=65 years
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
Age, Continuous
43.9 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.6 • n=5 Participants
44.0 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.6 • n=7 Participants
44.0 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.0 • n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
6 Participants
n=7 Participants
7 Participants
n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
15 Participants
n=5 Participants
14 Participants
n=7 Participants
29 Participants
n=5 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Hispanic or Latino
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
1 Participants
n=7 Participants
2 Participants
n=5 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Not Hispanic or Latino
15 Participants
n=5 Participants
19 Participants
n=7 Participants
34 Participants
n=5 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
1 Participants
n=7 Participants
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
2 Participants
n=7 Participants
2 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
15 Participants
n=5 Participants
16 Participants
n=7 Participants
31 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
1 Participants
n=7 Participants
2 Participants
n=5 Participants
Region of Enrollment
United States
16 participants
n=5 Participants
20 participants
n=7 Participants
36 participants
n=5 Participants
Height
180.9 centimeters
STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.6 • n=5 Participants
176.6 centimeters
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.3 • n=7 Participants
178.5 centimeters
STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.7 • n=5 Participants
Weight
82.5 kilograms
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.7 • n=5 Participants
85.9 kilograms
STANDARD_DEVIATION 22.3 • n=7 Participants
84.4 kilograms
STANDARD_DEVIATION 18.5 • n=5 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Participants were tested after using each foot in their prosthesis for 1 month.

Population: Data are from 27 participants with unilateral amputation. Data from 1 participant who did not complete the protocol and 3 participants who experienced serious life events unrelated to the study that disproportionately affected one phase of the study were not analyzed.

Breath-by-Breath VO2 was collected as participants walked on a treadmill at self selected fast, normal, and slow speeds. Participants walked for 6 minutes at each speed (and in each experimental condition). VO2 was normalized energy expenditure to each participant's biological mass (i.e., body mass without prosthesis) Normalized VO2 data were averaged to produce 30-s values for minutes 3-6 of each trial. These 30-s values were used in for the described analyses. Both gross and net VO2 were examined, but produced similar results, so only gross VO2 results are reported.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
mRSF (Unilateral)
n=27 Participants
Participants with unilateral amputation tested while wearing the mRSF.
ESF (Unilateral)
n=27 Participants
Participants with unilateral amputation tested while wearing the ESF.
Metabolic Oxygen Consumption (VO2), Participants With Unilateral Amputation
VO2 - slow walking speed
1041.1 ml/min
Standard Deviation 246.1
1077.4 ml/min
Standard Deviation 245.2
Metabolic Oxygen Consumption (VO2), Participants With Unilateral Amputation
VO2 - comfortable walking speed
1210.9 ml/min
Standard Deviation 280.9
1253.5 ml/min
Standard Deviation 276.3
Metabolic Oxygen Consumption (VO2), Participants With Unilateral Amputation
VO2 - fast walking speed
1509.6 ml/min
Standard Deviation 398.8
1565.1 ml/min
Standard Deviation 376.4

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Participants were tested after using each foot in their prosthesis for 1 month.

Population: Data are from participants with bilateral amputation.

Breath-by-Breath VO2 was collected as participants walked on a treadmill at self selected fast, normal, and slow speeds. Participants walked for 6 minutes at each speed (and in each experimental condition). VO2 was normalized energy expenditure to each participant's biological mass (i.e., body mass without prosthesis) Normalized VO2 data were averaged to produce 30-s values for minutes 3-6 of each trial. These 30-s values were used in for the described analyses. Both gross and net VO2 were examined, but produced similar results, so only gross VO2 results are reported.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
mRSF (Unilateral)
n=5 Participants
Participants with unilateral amputation tested while wearing the mRSF.
ESF (Unilateral)
n=5 Participants
Participants with unilateral amputation tested while wearing the ESF.
Metabolic Oxygen Consumption (VO2), Participants With Bilateral Amputation
VO2 - slow walking speed
779.6 ml/min
Standard Deviation 299.2
867.3 ml/min
Standard Deviation 397.7
Metabolic Oxygen Consumption (VO2), Participants With Bilateral Amputation
VO2 - comfortable walking speed
889.9 ml/min
Standard Deviation 300.8
985.0 ml/min
Standard Deviation 413.4
Metabolic Oxygen Consumption (VO2), Participants With Bilateral Amputation
VO2 - fast walking speed
1081.9 ml/min
Standard Deviation 319.0
1162.8 ml/min
Standard Deviation 439.3

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Participants were tested after using each foot in their prosthesis for 1 month.

Population: Data are from 27 participants with unilateral amputation. Data from 1 participant who did not complete the protocol and 3 participants who experienced serious life events unrelated to the study that disproportionately affected one phase of the study were not analyzed.

Participants were asked to walk as far as possible in 6 minutes. Participants walked around cones placed 30m apart in a level hallway. Total distance (in meters) walked in 6 minutes was recorded.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
mRSF (Unilateral)
n=27 Participants
Participants with unilateral amputation tested while wearing the mRSF.
ESF (Unilateral)
n=27 Participants
Participants with unilateral amputation tested while wearing the ESF.
Six-minute Walk Test (6MWT), Participants With Unilateral Amputation
543.3 meters
Standard Deviation 92.6
537.1 meters
Standard Deviation 100.8

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Participants were tested after using each foot in their prosthesis for 1 month.

Population: Data are from participants with bilateral amputation.

Participants were asked to walk as far as possible in 6 minutes. Participants walked around cones placed 30m apart in a level hallway. Total distance (in meters) walked in 6 minutes was recorded.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
mRSF (Unilateral)
n=5 Participants
Participants with unilateral amputation tested while wearing the mRSF.
ESF (Unilateral)
n=5 Participants
Participants with unilateral amputation tested while wearing the ESF.
Six-minute Walk Test (6MWT), Participants With Bilateral Amputation
441.1 meters
Standard Deviation 72.7
448.9 meters
Standard Deviation 77.5

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Participants were tested after using each foot in their prosthesis for 1 month.

Population: Data are from 27 participants with unilateral amputation. Data from 1 participant who did not complete the protocol and 3 participants who experienced serious life events unrelated to the study that disproportionately affected one phase of the study were not analyzed.

Participants were asked to self-report their level of perceived exertion after completing the 6MWT. Participants were shown the Borg CR100 rating scale and asked to identify their level of exertion on a scale ranging from 0 to 120. Higher scores mean greater exertion.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
mRSF (Unilateral)
n=27 Participants
Participants with unilateral amputation tested while wearing the mRSF.
ESF (Unilateral)
n=27 Participants
Participants with unilateral amputation tested while wearing the ESF.
Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (CR100), Participants With Unilateral Amputation
36.4 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 31.4
47.3 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 28.0

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Participants were tested after using each foot in their prosthesis for 1 month.

Population: Data are from participants with bilateral amputation.

Participants were asked to self-report their level of perceived exertion after completing the 6MWT. Participants were shown the Borg CR100 rating scale and asked to identify their level of exertion on a scale ranging from 0 to 120. Higher scores mean greater exertion.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
mRSF (Unilateral)
n=5 Participants
Participants with unilateral amputation tested while wearing the mRSF.
ESF (Unilateral)
n=5 Participants
Participants with unilateral amputation tested while wearing the ESF.
Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (CR100), Participants With Bilateral Amputation
30.4 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 21.7
35.6 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 19.2

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Participants were tested after using each foot in their prosthesis for 1 month.

Population: Data are from 27 participants with unilateral amputation. Data from 1 participant who did not complete the protocol and 3 participants who experienced serious life events unrelated to the study that disproportionately affected one phase of the study were not analyzed.

Walking speed (m/s) was assessed with a 16-foot CIR GAITRite instrumented walkway while participants performed the 6-minute walk test (6MWT).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
mRSF (Unilateral)
n=27 Participants
Participants with unilateral amputation tested while wearing the mRSF.
ESF (Unilateral)
n=27 Participants
Participants with unilateral amputation tested while wearing the ESF.
Walking Speed, Participants With Unilateral Amputation
1.62 meters / second
Standard Deviation 0.29
1.60 meters / second
Standard Deviation 0.31

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Participants were tested after using each foot in their prosthesis for 1 month.

Population: Data are from participants with bilateral amputation.

Walking speed (m/s) was assessed with a 16-foot CIR GAITRite instrumented walkway while participants performed the 6-minute walk test (6MWT).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
mRSF (Unilateral)
n=5 Participants
Participants with unilateral amputation tested while wearing the mRSF.
ESF (Unilateral)
n=5 Participants
Participants with unilateral amputation tested while wearing the ESF.
Walking Speed, Participants With Bilateral Amputation
1.35 meters / second
Standard Deviation 0.23
1.35 meters / second
Standard Deviation 0.28

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Participants were tested after using each foot in their prosthesis for 1 month.

Population: Data are from 27 participants with unilateral amputation. Data from 1 participant who did not complete the protocol and 3 participants who experienced serious life events unrelated to the study that disproportionately affected one phase of the study were not analyzed.

Step width was assessed with a 16-foot CIR GAITRite instrumented walkway while participants performed the 6-minute walk test (6MWT).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
mRSF (Unilateral)
n=27 Participants
Participants with unilateral amputation tested while wearing the mRSF.
ESF (Unilateral)
n=27 Participants
Participants with unilateral amputation tested while wearing the ESF.
Step Width, Participants With Unilateral Amputation
13.7 centimeters
Standard Deviation 3.8
13.7 centimeters
Standard Deviation 3.5

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Participants were tested after using each foot in their prosthesis for 1 month.

Population: Data are from participants with bilateral amputation.

Step width was assessed with a 16-foot CIR GAITRite instrumented walkway while participants performed the 6-minute walk test (6MWT).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
mRSF (Unilateral)
n=5 Participants
Participants with unilateral amputation tested while wearing the mRSF.
ESF (Unilateral)
n=5 Participants
Participants with unilateral amputation tested while wearing the ESF.
Step Width, Participants With Bilateral Amputation
16.9 centimeters
Standard Deviation 5.4
16.7 centimeters
Standard Deviation 5.0

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Participants were tested after using each foot in their prosthesis for 1 month.

Population: Data are from 27 participants with unilateral amputation. Data from 1 participant who did not complete the protocol and 3 participants who experienced serious life events unrelated to the study that disproportionately affected one phase of the study were not analyzed.

Step length (cm) was assessed with a 16-foot CIR GAITRite instrumented walkway while participants performed the 6-minute walk test (6MWT). Step length is reported for both the prosthetic and sound (intact) limbs.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
mRSF (Unilateral)
n=27 Participants
Participants with unilateral amputation tested while wearing the mRSF.
ESF (Unilateral)
n=27 Participants
Participants with unilateral amputation tested while wearing the ESF.
Step Length, Participants With Unilateral Amputation
Prosthetic side
78.8 centimeters
Standard Deviation 9.2
79.4 centimeters
Standard Deviation 9.4
Step Length, Participants With Unilateral Amputation
Sound side
79.5 centimeters
Standard Deviation 10.2
76.5 centimeters
Standard Deviation 9.8

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Participants were tested after using each foot in their prosthesis for 1 month.

Population: Data are from participants with bilateral amputation.

Step length (cm) was assessed with a 16-foot CIR GAITRite instrumented walkway while participants performed the 6-minute walk test (6MWT). Step length is reported for both the prosthetic and sound (intact) limbs.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
mRSF (Unilateral)
n=5 Participants
Participants with unilateral amputation tested while wearing the mRSF.
ESF (Unilateral)
n=5 Participants
Participants with unilateral amputation tested while wearing the ESF.
Step Length, Participants With Bilateral Amputation
Left side
0.69 centimeters
Standard Deviation 0.08
0.68 centimeters
Standard Deviation 0.13
Step Length, Participants With Bilateral Amputation
Right side
0.69 centimeters
Standard Deviation 0.11
0.69 centimeters
Standard Deviation 0.12

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Participants were tested after using each foot in their prosthesis for 1 month.

Population: Data are from 27 participants with unilateral amputation. Data from 1 participant who did not complete the protocol and 3 participants who experienced serious life events unrelated to the study that disproportionately affected one phase of the study were not analyzed.

Step time was assessed with a 16-foot CIR GAITRite instrumented walkway while participants performed the 6-minute walk test (6MWT). Step time is reported for both the prosthetic and sound (intact) limbs.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
mRSF (Unilateral)
n=27 Participants
Participants with unilateral amputation tested while wearing the mRSF.
ESF (Unilateral)
n=27 Participants
Participants with unilateral amputation tested while wearing the ESF.
Step Time, Participants With Unilateral Amputation
Prosthetic side
0.49 seconds
Standard Deviation 0.05
0.49 seconds
Standard Deviation 0.05
Step Time, Participants With Unilateral Amputation
Sound side
0.50 seconds
Standard Deviation 0.05
0.50 seconds
Standard Deviation 0.05

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Participants were tested after using each foot in their prosthesis for 1 month.

Population: Data are from participants with bilateral amputation.

Step time was assessed with a 16-foot CIR GAITRite instrumented walkway while participants performed the 6-minute walk test (6MWT). Step time is reported for both the prosthetic and sound (intact) limbs.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
mRSF (Unilateral)
n=5 Participants
Participants with unilateral amputation tested while wearing the mRSF.
ESF (Unilateral)
n=5 Participants
Participants with unilateral amputation tested while wearing the ESF.
Step Time, Participants With Bilateral Amputation
Right side
0.53 seconds
Standard Deviation 0.05
0.52 seconds
Standard Deviation 0.04
Step Time, Participants With Bilateral Amputation
Left side
0.51 seconds
Standard Deviation 0.04
0.51 seconds
Standard Deviation 0.03

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Participants' step count data from the 2 weeks prior to in-person testing.

Population: Data are from 27 participants with unilateral amputation. Data from 1 participant who did not complete the protocol and 3 participants who experienced serious life events unrelated to the study that disproportionately affected one phase of the study were not analyzed.

Daily step activity (steps / day) were measured over the 2-week period prior to assessment using a Orthocare Innovations Stepwatch 3 activity monitor.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
mRSF (Unilateral)
n=27 Participants
Participants with unilateral amputation tested while wearing the mRSF.
ESF (Unilateral)
n=27 Participants
Participants with unilateral amputation tested while wearing the ESF.
Daily Step Activity, Participants With Unilateral Amputation
4109 steps per day
Standard Deviation 1517
4307 steps per day
Standard Deviation 1750

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Participants' step count data from the 2 weeks prior to in-person testing.

Population: Data are from participants with bilateral amputation.

Daily step activity (steps / day) were measured over the 2-week period prior to assessment using a Orthocare Innovations Stepwatch 3 activity monitor.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
mRSF (Unilateral)
n=5 Participants
Participants with unilateral amputation tested while wearing the mRSF.
ESF (Unilateral)
n=5 Participants
Participants with unilateral amputation tested while wearing the ESF.
Daily Step Activity, Participants With Bilateral Amputation
2464 steps per day
Standard Deviation 455
3007 steps per day
Standard Deviation 617

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Participants were tested after using each foot in their prosthesis for 1 month.

Population: Data are from 27 participants with unilateral amputation. Data from 1 participant who did not complete the protocol and 3 participants who experienced serious life events unrelated to the study that disproportionately affected one phase of the study were not analyzed.

The PLUS-M is a self-report instrument designed to evaluate respondent's prosthetic mobility. It is scored using a standardized T-score centered on a national sample of unilateral lower limb prosthesis users (mean = 50, standard deviation = 10). Participants were administered the PLUS-M computerized adaptive test and 12-item form on an iPad tablet. The most precise score (i.e., score with the lowest error) was used for analysis. Absolute score range from 0 to 100. Higher T-scores indicate greater mobility.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
mRSF (Unilateral)
n=27 Participants
Participants with unilateral amputation tested while wearing the mRSF.
ESF (Unilateral)
n=27 Participants
Participants with unilateral amputation tested while wearing the ESF.
Prosthetic Limb Users Survey of Mobility (PLUS-M), Participants With Unilateral Amputation
64.2 T-score
Standard Deviation 7.7
59.3 T-score
Standard Deviation 7.5

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Participants were tested after using each foot in their prosthesis for 1 month.

Population: Data are from participants with bilateral amputation.

The PLUS-M is a self-report instrument designed to evaluate respondent's prosthetic mobility. It is scored using a standardized T-score centered on a national sample of unilateral lower limb prosthesis users (mean = 50, standard deviation = 10). Participants were administered the PLUS-M computerized adaptive test and 12-item form on an iPad tablet. The most precise score (i.e., score with the lowest error) was used for analysis. Absolute score range from 0 to 100. Higher T-scores indicate greater mobility.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
mRSF (Unilateral)
n=5 Participants
Participants with unilateral amputation tested while wearing the mRSF.
ESF (Unilateral)
n=5 Participants
Participants with unilateral amputation tested while wearing the ESF.
Prosthetic Limb Users Survey of Mobility (PLUS-M), Participants With Bilateral Amputation
59.3 T-score
Standard Deviation 3.8
54.8 T-score
Standard Deviation 6.2

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Participants were tested after using each foot in their prosthesis for 1 month.

Population: Data are from 27 participants with unilateral amputation. Data from 1 participant who did not complete the protocol and 3 participants who experienced serious life events unrelated to the study that disproportionately affected one phase of the study were not analyzed.

The PROMIS-Fatigue is a self-report instrument designed to evaluate respondent's symptoms and effects of fatigue. It is scored using a standardized T-score centered on the US general population (mean = 50, standard deviation = 10). Participants were administered the computerized adaptive test and a 12-item short form on an iPad tablet. The most precise score (i.e., score with the lowest error) was used for analysis. Absolute score range from 0 to 100. Higher T-scores indicate greater fatigue.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
mRSF (Unilateral)
n=27 Participants
Participants with unilateral amputation tested while wearing the mRSF.
ESF (Unilateral)
n=27 Participants
Participants with unilateral amputation tested while wearing the ESF.
Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System - Fatigue (PROMIS-Fatigue), Participants With Unilateral Amputation
45.4 T-score
Standard Deviation 7.5
49.1 T-score
Standard Deviation 7.4

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Participants were tested after using each foot in their prosthesis for 1 month.

Population: Data are from participants with bilateral amputation.

The PROMIS-Fatigue is a self-report instrument designed to evaluate respondent's symptoms and effects of fatigue. It is scored using a standardized T-score centered on the US general population (mean = 50, standard deviation = 10). Participants were administered the computerized adaptive test and a 12-item short form on an iPad tablet. The most precise score (i.e., score with the lowest error) was used for analysis. Absolute score range from 0 to 100. Higher T-scores indicate greater fatigue.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
mRSF (Unilateral)
n=5 Participants
Participants with unilateral amputation tested while wearing the mRSF.
ESF (Unilateral)
n=5 Participants
Participants with unilateral amputation tested while wearing the ESF.
Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System - Fatigue (PROMIS-Fatigue), Participants With Bilateral Amputation
42.1 T-score
Standard Deviation 8.9
47.7 T-score
Standard Deviation 6.2

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Participants were tested after using each foot in their prosthesis for 1 month.

Population: Data are from 27 participants with unilateral amputation. Data from 1 participant who did not complete the protocol and 3 participants who experienced serious life events unrelated to the study that disproportionately affected one phase of the study were not analyzed.

The ABC is a self-report instrument designed to evaluate respondent's confidence in performing normal daily activities. It is scored from 0 to 4. Participants were administered an electronic version of the ABC on an iPad tablet. Scores range from 0 to 4. Higher scores indicate greater balance confidence.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
mRSF (Unilateral)
n=27 Participants
Participants with unilateral amputation tested while wearing the mRSF.
ESF (Unilateral)
n=27 Participants
Participants with unilateral amputation tested while wearing the ESF.
Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC), Participants With Unilateral Amputation
3.5 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.4
3.2 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.7

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Participants were tested after using each foot in their prosthesis for 1 month.

Population: Data are from participants with bilateral amputation.

The ABC is a self-report instrument designed to evaluate respondent's confidence in performing normal daily activities. It is scored from 0 to 4. Participants were administered an electronic version of the ABC on an iPad tablet. Scores range from 0 to 4. Higher scores indicate greater balance confidence.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
mRSF (Unilateral)
n=5 Participants
Participants with unilateral amputation tested while wearing the mRSF.
ESF (Unilateral)
n=5 Participants
Participants with unilateral amputation tested while wearing the ESF.
Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC), Participants With Bilateral Amputation
3.4 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.3
3.0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.5

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Participants were tested after using each foot in their prosthesis for 1 month.

Population: Data are from 27 participants with unilateral amputation. Data from 1 participant who did not complete the protocol and 3 participants who experienced serious life events unrelated to the study that disproportionately affected one phase of the study were not analyzed.

The TAPES-R is a self-report instrument designed to evaluate respondent's activity restrictions and satisfaction with a prosthesis. The TAPES-R has three subscales (activity restrictions \[TAPES-AR\], functional satisfaction \[TAPES-FUN\], and aesthetic satisfaction \[TAPES-AES\], each scored from 0 to 2. Higher scores indicate more activity restrictions (TAPES-AR) or greater satisfaction (TAPES-FUN and TAPES-AES). Participants were administered an electronic version of the TAPES-R on an iPad tablet.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
mRSF (Unilateral)
n=27 Participants
Participants with unilateral amputation tested while wearing the mRSF.
ESF (Unilateral)
n=27 Participants
Participants with unilateral amputation tested while wearing the ESF.
Trinity Amputation Prosthesis Experience Scales, Revised (TAPES-R), Participants With Unilateral Amputation
TAPES-AR
0.4 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.3
0.6 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.4
Trinity Amputation Prosthesis Experience Scales, Revised (TAPES-R), Participants With Unilateral Amputation
TAPES-FUN
1.8 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.4
1.3 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.5
Trinity Amputation Prosthesis Experience Scales, Revised (TAPES-R), Participants With Unilateral Amputation
TAPES-AES
1.5 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.5
1.5 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.5

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Participants were tested after using each foot in their prosthesis for 1 month.

Population: Data are from participants with bilateral amputation.

The TAPES-R is a self-report instrument designed to evaluate respondent's activity restrictions and satisfaction with a prosthesis. The TAPES-R has three subscales (activity restrictions \[TAPES-AR\], functional satisfaction \[TAPES-FUN\], and aesthetic satisfaction \[TAPES-AES\], each scored from 0 to 2. Higher scores indicate more activity restrictions (TAPES-AR) or greater satisfaction (TAPES-FUN and TAPES-AES). Participants were administered an electronic version of the TAPES-R on an iPad tablet.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
mRSF (Unilateral)
n=5 Participants
Participants with unilateral amputation tested while wearing the mRSF.
ESF (Unilateral)
n=5 Participants
Participants with unilateral amputation tested while wearing the ESF.
Trinity Amputation Prosthesis Experience Scales, Revised (TAPES-R), Participants With Bilateral Amputation
TAPES-AR
0.7 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.2
0.9 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.2
Trinity Amputation Prosthesis Experience Scales, Revised (TAPES-R), Participants With Bilateral Amputation
TAPES-FUN
1.8 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.4
1.1 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.2
Trinity Amputation Prosthesis Experience Scales, Revised (TAPES-R), Participants With Bilateral Amputation
TAPES-AES
1.8 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.3
0.9 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.5

Adverse Events

mRSF (Unilateral and Bilateral)

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

ESF (Unilateral and Bilateral)

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

Dr. Brian Hafner

University of Washington

Phone: 206-685-0214

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
  • Publication restrictions are in place