Trial Outcomes & Findings for Falls Prevention in Older Home Care Recipients (NCT NCT02374307)

NCT ID: NCT02374307

Last Updated: 2019-11-14

Results Overview

Changes in the Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) summary scores from baseline to 3-months follow-up. SF-36 measures health-related quality of life. Its summary score is comprised of a physical component summary (PCS) and a mental component summary (MCS). The scores range from 0-100 (worst-best) in each scale. A positive change in the summary score indicates a better health-related quality of life.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

NA

Target enrollment

155 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

Baseline, 3 months, 6 months

Results posted on

2019-11-14

Participant Flow

The recruitment period was from February 2016 to February 2017. 865 older adults were assessed for eligibility. 320 had experienced a fall and received an invitation letter to participate in this study. Recruitment stopped when the sample size target (150) was expected to be reached.

167 older adults consented to baseline testing. 12 did not met the inclusion criteria and were not considered enrolled in the study. 155 met the inclusion criteria and were randomized in either the intervention or control group.

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
Intervention
Exercise and education: Exercise according to the falls prevention programme. Information on motivation, the effectiveness of falls prevention and the importance of adherence.
Control
Activities as usual.
3-months Follow-up
STARTED
77
78
3-months Follow-up
COMPLETED
69
69
3-months Follow-up
NOT COMPLETED
8
9
6-months Follow-up
STARTED
74
70
6-months Follow-up
COMPLETED
71
64
6-months Follow-up
NOT COMPLETED
3
6

Reasons for withdrawal

Reasons for withdrawal
Measure
Intervention
Exercise and education: Exercise according to the falls prevention programme. Information on motivation, the effectiveness of falls prevention and the importance of adherence.
Control
Activities as usual.
3-months Follow-up
Lost to Follow-up
1
2
3-months Follow-up
Withdrawal by Subject
1
4
3-months Follow-up
Death
1
2
3-months Follow-up
Missed first follow-up
5
1
6-months Follow-up
Lost to Follow-up
1
2
6-months Follow-up
Death
2
1
6-months Follow-up
Withdrawal by Subject
0
3

Baseline Characteristics

Race and Ethnicity were not collected from any participant.

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
Intervention
n=77 Participants
Exercise and education: Exercise according to the falls prevention programme. Information on motivation, the effectiveness of falls prevention and the importance of adherence.
Control
n=78 Participants
Activities as usual.
Total
n=155 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
Age, Continuous
83.1 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.7 • n=77 Participants
82.2 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.7 • n=78 Participants
82.7 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.7 • n=155 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
61 Participants
n=77 Participants
62 Participants
n=78 Participants
123 Participants
n=155 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
16 Participants
n=77 Participants
16 Participants
n=78 Participants
32 Participants
n=155 Participants
Race and Ethnicity Not Collected
0 Participants
Race and Ethnicity were not collected from any participant.
Living alone
64 Participants
n=77 Participants
67 Participants
n=78 Participants
131 Participants
n=155 Participants
Higher education
25 Participants
n=77 Participants
31 Participants
n=78 Participants
56 Participants
n=155 Participants
Medications weekly
5.1 medications
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.7 • n=77 Participants
5.4 medications
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.2 • n=78 Participants
5.3 medications
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.4 • n=155 Participants
Practical assistance
50 Participants
n=77 Participants
58 Participants
n=78 Participants
108 Participants
n=155 Participants
Nursing
20 Participants
n=77 Participants
27 Participants
n=78 Participants
47 Participants
n=155 Participants
Safety alarm service
61 Participants
n=77 Participants
56 Participants
n=78 Participants
117 Participants
n=155 Participants
Walking aid
60 Participants
n=77 Participants
54 Participants
n=78 Participants
114 Participants
n=155 Participants
Falls
2.5 falls
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.3 • n=77 Participants
2.9 falls
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.0 • n=78 Participants
2.7 falls
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.7 • n=155 Participants
Falls injuries
No injuries
17 Participants
n=77 Participants • One missing value
13 Participants
n=77 Participants • One missing value
30 Participants
n=154 Participants • One missing value
Falls injuries
Minor injuries
35 Participants
n=77 Participants • One missing value
35 Participants
n=77 Participants • One missing value
70 Participants
n=154 Participants • One missing value
Falls injuries
Serious injuries, hospitalization
25 Participants
n=77 Participants • One missing value
29 Participants
n=77 Participants • One missing value
54 Participants
n=154 Participants • One missing value
Mini-Mental Statement Examination
27.4 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.2 • n=77 Participants
27.4 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.2 • n=78 Participants
27.4 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.2 • n=155 Participants
Falls Efficacy Scale - International
30.2 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.1 • n=77 Participants
31.1 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.6 • n=78 Participants
30.7 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.8 • n=155 Participants
Instrumental Activities of Daily Living > 6
42 Participants
n=77 Participants
45 Participants
n=78 Participants
87 Participants
n=155 Participants
Sit-to-stand test
5.5 raises
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.8 • n=77 Participants
4.7 raises
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.4 • n=78 Participants
5.1 raises
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.1 • n=155 Participants
4-meter walk test
0.61 m/s
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.18 • n=76 Participants • One missing value
0.63 m/s
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.24 • n=78 Participants • One missing value
0.62 m/s
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.21 • n=154 Participants • One missing value
Berg Balance Scale
39.1 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.1 • n=77 Participants
39.1 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.6 • n=78 Participants
39.1 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.3 • n=155 Participants
Mini Nutritional Assessment
No risk
57 Participants
n=77 Participants
60 Participants
n=78 Participants
117 Participants
n=155 Participants
Mini Nutritional Assessment
Risk of or malnourished
20 Participants
n=77 Participants
18 Participants
n=78 Participants
38 Participants
n=155 Participants
SF-36 Physical Component Summary
38.2 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.0 • n=77 Participants
38.4 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.1 • n=78 Participants
38.3 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.0 • n=155 Participants
SF-36 Mental Component Summary
50.4 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.9 • n=77 Participants
48.4 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.6 • n=78 Participants
49.4 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.3 • n=155 Participants
EQ-5D
0.64 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.21 • n=77 Participants
0.60 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.24 • n=78 Participants
0.62 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.23 • n=155 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, 3 months, 6 months

Population: Intention-to-treat population. Multiple imputation using a predictive mean matching model with arm, age, sex and baseline values of the imputed variable as predictors.

Changes in the Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) summary scores from baseline to 3-months follow-up. SF-36 measures health-related quality of life. Its summary score is comprised of a physical component summary (PCS) and a mental component summary (MCS). The scores range from 0-100 (worst-best) in each scale. A positive change in the summary score indicates a better health-related quality of life.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Intervention
n=77 Participants
Exercise and education: Exercise according to the falls prevention programme. Information on motivation, the effectiveness of falls prevention and the importance of adherence.
Control
n=78 Participants
Activities as usual.
Short Form 36 Health Survey Summary Scores
Change in PCS Baseline - 3-months follow-up
3.7 scores on a scale
Standard Error 1.0
-0.3 scores on a scale
Standard Error 0.9
Short Form 36 Health Survey Summary Scores
Change in PCS Baseline - 6-months follow-up
3.0 scores on a scale
Standard Error 0.9
0.1 scores on a scale
Standard Error 0.9
Short Form 36 Health Survey Summary Scores
Change in MCS Baseline - 3-months follow-up
0.7 scores on a scale
Standard Error 1.1
3.8 scores on a scale
Standard Error 1.2
Short Form 36 Health Survey Summary Scores
Change in MCS Baseline - 6-months follow-up
1.7 scores on a scale
Standard Error 1.1
4.7 scores on a scale
Standard Error 1.3

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, 3 months, 6 months

Population: Intention-to-treat population. Multiple imputation using a predictive mean matching model with arm, age, sex and baseline values of the imputed variable as predictors.

Changes in the EuroQOL EQ-5D instrument indicating changes in health-related quality of life. Preference weights for United Kingdom were employed to generate utility scores ranging from -0.59 to 1. A score of 1 is associated with a health state without problems. A positive change in EQ-5D indicates a better health-related quality of life.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Intervention
n=77 Participants
Exercise and education: Exercise according to the falls prevention programme. Information on motivation, the effectiveness of falls prevention and the importance of adherence.
Control
n=78 Participants
Activities as usual.
EQ-5D
3-months follow-up
0.06 scores on a scale
Standard Error 0.02
0.005 scores on a scale
Standard Error 0.03
EQ-5D
6-months follow-up
0.11 scores on a scale
Standard Error 0.02
-0.02 scores on a scale
Standard Error 0.03

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, 3 months, 6 months

Population: Intention-to-treat population. Multiple imputation using a predictive mean matching model with arm, age, sex and baseline values of the imputed variable as predictors.

Changes in the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), a 14-item scale applied to assess static and dynamic balance in older adults. The summary score ranges from 0 (low, wheelchair bound) to 56 (high, independent)

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Intervention
n=77 Participants
Exercise and education: Exercise according to the falls prevention programme. Information on motivation, the effectiveness of falls prevention and the importance of adherence.
Control
n=78 Participants
Activities as usual.
Berg Balance Scale
Change Baseline - 3-months follow-up
5.4 scores on a scale
Standard Error 0.8
3.1 scores on a scale
Standard Error 0.9
Berg Balance Scale
Change Baseline - 6-months follow-up
4.9 scores on a scale
Standard Error 0.9
3.5 scores on a scale
Standard Error 0.9

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, 3 months, 6 months

Population: Intention-to-treat population. Multiple imputation using a predictive mean matching model with arm, age, sex and baseline values of the imputed variable as predictors.

Changes in the no. of raises in 30 seconds. From the sitting position, the subject stands completely up, then sits completely back down, repeated for 30 seconds.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Intervention
n=77 Participants
Exercise and education: Exercise according to the falls prevention programme. Information on motivation, the effectiveness of falls prevention and the importance of adherence.
Control
n=78 Participants
Activities as usual.
Sit-to-stand Test
Change Baseline - 3-months follow-up
1.2 raises
Standard Error 0.4
0.8 raises
Standard Error 0.4
Sit-to-stand Test
Change Baseline - 6-months follow-up
1.2 raises
Standard Error 0.4
1.1 raises
Standard Error 0.4

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, 3 months, 6 months

Population: Intention-to-treat population. Multiple imputation using a predictive mean matching model with arm, age, sex and baseline values of the imputed variable as predictors.

Changes in the 4-meter walk test. Participants are asked to walk a distance of 4 meters at their usual pace, measured in m/s

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Intervention
n=77 Participants
Exercise and education: Exercise according to the falls prevention programme. Information on motivation, the effectiveness of falls prevention and the importance of adherence.
Control
n=78 Participants
Activities as usual.
4-meter Walk Test
Change Baseline - 3-months follow-up
0.06 m/s
Standard Error 0.02
0.06 m/s
Standard Error 0.02
4-meter Walk Test
Change Baseline - 6-months follow-up
0.05 m/s
Standard Error 0.02
0.05 m/s
Standard Error 0.02

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, 3 months, 6 months

Population: Intention-to-treat population. Multiple imputation using a predictive mean matching model with arm, age, sex and baseline values of the imputed variable as predictors.

Changes in falls-efficacy measured with the Falls Efficacy Scale - International (FES-I) derives from a self-report questionnaire, assessing concerns about falling in 16 different daily activities. The total score ranges from 16 (no concern) to 64 (high concern). A decrease in scores indicates less concerns.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Intervention
n=77 Participants
Exercise and education: Exercise according to the falls prevention programme. Information on motivation, the effectiveness of falls prevention and the importance of adherence.
Control
n=78 Participants
Activities as usual.
Falls Efficacy Scale - International
Change Baseline - 3-months follow-up
-1.7 scores on a scale
Standard Error 1.2
-2.3 scores on a scale
Standard Error 1.1
Falls Efficacy Scale - International
Change Baseline - 6-months follow-up
-1.7 scores on a scale
Standard Error 1.2
-1.3 scores on a scale
Standard Error 1.2

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, 3-months, 6-months

Population: Complete, non-missing observations for both groups at baseline. 69 participants completed the 3-months follow-up. In the intervention group, 71 participants completed the 6-months follow-up, with 1 missing observation on IADL. In the control group, 64 participants completed the 3-months follow-up.

No. of participants with scores on the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scale, Lawton and Brody. IADL is a measure of a person's self-reported ability to perform complex activities of daily living. The summary score ranges from 0 (low function, dependent) to 8 (high function, independent).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Intervention
n=77 Participants
Exercise and education: Exercise according to the falls prevention programme. Information on motivation, the effectiveness of falls prevention and the importance of adherence.
Control
n=78 Participants
Activities as usual.
Instrumental Activities of Daily Living
3-months follow-up · 2
2 Participants
2 Participants
Instrumental Activities of Daily Living
Baseline · 0, low function
0 Participants
0 Participants
Instrumental Activities of Daily Living
Baseline · 1
0 Participants
0 Participants
Instrumental Activities of Daily Living
Baseline · 2
0 Participants
1 Participants
Instrumental Activities of Daily Living
Baseline · 3
1 Participants
2 Participants
Instrumental Activities of Daily Living
Baseline · 4
7 Participants
7 Participants
Instrumental Activities of Daily Living
Baseline · 5
8 Participants
7 Participants
Instrumental Activities of Daily Living
Baseline · 6
19 Participants
16 Participants
Instrumental Activities of Daily Living
Baseline · 7
21 Participants
14 Participants
Instrumental Activities of Daily Living
Baseline · 8, high function
21 Participants
31 Participants
Instrumental Activities of Daily Living
3-months follow-up · 0, low function
0 Participants
0 Participants
Instrumental Activities of Daily Living
3-months follow-up · 1
1 Participants
1 Participants
Instrumental Activities of Daily Living
3-months follow-up · 3
0 Participants
4 Participants
Instrumental Activities of Daily Living
3-months follow-up · 4
4 Participants
2 Participants
Instrumental Activities of Daily Living
3-months follow-up · 5
9 Participants
7 Participants
Instrumental Activities of Daily Living
3-months follow-up · 6
15 Participants
10 Participants
Instrumental Activities of Daily Living
3-months follow-up · 7
17 Participants
18 Participants
Instrumental Activities of Daily Living
3-months follow-up · 8, high function
21 Participants
25 Participants
Instrumental Activities of Daily Living
6-months follow-up · 0, low function
0 Participants
1 Participants
Instrumental Activities of Daily Living
6-months follow-up · 1
2 Participants
1 Participants
Instrumental Activities of Daily Living
6-months follow-up · 2
1 Participants
4 Participants
Instrumental Activities of Daily Living
6-months follow-up · 3
3 Participants
3 Participants
Instrumental Activities of Daily Living
6-months follow-up · 4
2 Participants
6 Participants
Instrumental Activities of Daily Living
6-months follow-up · 5
9 Participants
7 Participants
Instrumental Activities of Daily Living
6-months follow-up · 6
9 Participants
9 Participants
Instrumental Activities of Daily Living
6-months follow-up · 7
20 Participants
8 Participants
Instrumental Activities of Daily Living
6-months follow-up · 8, high function
24 Participants
25 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, 3 months, 6 months

Population: At baseline, one observation was missing in the intervention group. 69 participants completed the 3-months follow-up. In the intervention group, 71 participants completed the 6-months follow-up. In the control group, 64 participants completed the 3-months follow-up.

Questions regarding walking habits in the last 7 days. Summarized in total minutes walking.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Intervention
n=77 Participants
Exercise and education: Exercise according to the falls prevention programme. Information on motivation, the effectiveness of falls prevention and the importance of adherence.
Control
n=78 Participants
Activities as usual.
Walking Habits
Baseline · 0 min
6 Participants
6 Participants
Walking Habits
Baseline · 0-30 min
21 Participants
16 Participants
Walking Habits
Baseline · 30-90 min
20 Participants
27 Participants
Walking Habits
Baseline · 90-180 min
15 Participants
18 Participants
Walking Habits
Baseline · > 180 min
14 Participants
11 Participants
Walking Habits
3-months follow-up · 0 min
9 Participants
17 Participants
Walking Habits
3-months follow-up · 0-30 min
11 Participants
16 Participants
Walking Habits
3-months follow-up · 30-90 min
16 Participants
16 Participants
Walking Habits
3-months follow-up · 90-180 min
13 Participants
7 Participants
Walking Habits
3-months follow-up · > 180 min
20 Participants
13 Participants
Walking Habits
6-months follow-up · 0 min
10 Participants
16 Participants
Walking Habits
6-months follow-up · 0-30 min
15 Participants
13 Participants
Walking Habits
6-months follow-up · 30-90 min
17 Participants
16 Participants
Walking Habits
6-months follow-up · 90-180 min
13 Participants
8 Participants
Walking Habits
6-months follow-up · > 180 min
16 Participants
11 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, 3 months, 6 months

Population: Complete, non-missing observations for both groups at baseline. 69 participants completed the 3-months follow-up. In the intervention group, 71 participants completed the 6-months follow-up. In the control group, 64 participants completed the 3-months follow-up, but 3 observations are missing.

The summary score of the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) maps to three nutritional statuses "Normal nutritional status", "Risk of malnutrition" and being "Malnourished".

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Intervention
n=77 Participants
Exercise and education: Exercise according to the falls prevention programme. Information on motivation, the effectiveness of falls prevention and the importance of adherence.
Control
n=78 Participants
Activities as usual.
Mini Nutritional Assessment
6-months follow-up · Normal nutritional status
55 Participants
35 Participants
Mini Nutritional Assessment
Baseline · Normal nutritional status
57 Participants
60 Participants
Mini Nutritional Assessment
Baseline · At risk of malnutrition
17 Participants
18 Participants
Mini Nutritional Assessment
Baseline · Malnourished
3 Participants
0 Participants
Mini Nutritional Assessment
3-months follow-up · Normal nutritional status
48 Participants
44 Participants
Mini Nutritional Assessment
3-months follow-up · At risk of malnutrition
21 Participants
21 Participants
Mini Nutritional Assessment
3-months follow-up · Malnourished
0 Participants
4 Participants
Mini Nutritional Assessment
6-months follow-up · At risk of malnutrition
14 Participants
23 Participants
Mini Nutritional Assessment
6-months follow-up · Malnourished
2 Participants
3 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline and 3 months

Population: All subjects in the intervention group with nonmissing observations at 3-months follow-up

No. of participants in the intervention group performing exercises according to the protocol in the intervention period until 3-months follow-up. Participant are encouraged to complete an activity diary where they note if the exercise programme has been executed as planned. If they have not completed sufficient exercises, they are supposed to make a note in the diary.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Intervention
n=68 Participants
Exercise and education: Exercise according to the falls prevention programme. Information on motivation, the effectiveness of falls prevention and the importance of adherence.
Control
Activities as usual.
Exercise According to the Protocol. Adherence
50 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 3 months and 6 months

Population: All subjects with nonmissing observations at 6-months follow-up

Self-reported exercise behavior post-intervention between 3-months follow-up to 6-months follow-up.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Intervention
n=71 Participants
Exercise and education: Exercise according to the falls prevention programme. Information on motivation, the effectiveness of falls prevention and the importance of adherence.
Control
n=63 Participants
Activities as usual.
No. of Participants Exercising Post-intervention
None
14 Participants
23 Participants
No. of Participants Exercising Post-intervention
Individual exercise
46 Participants
25 Participants
No. of Participants Exercising Post-intervention
Group exercise
3 Participants
11 Participants
No. of Participants Exercising Post-intervention
Both
8 Participants
4 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 3 months and 6 months

Population: All subjects with nonmissing observations at 6-months follow-up

No. of falls in the post-intervention period between 3-months follow-up and 6-months follow-up. Falls are defined as an event, i.e. fall, trip, slip, which results in the person coming to rest on the ground or floor or other lower level.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Intervention
n=71 Participants
Exercise and education: Exercise according to the falls prevention programme. Information on motivation, the effectiveness of falls prevention and the importance of adherence.
Control
n=64 Participants
Activities as usual.
No. of Falls
No falls
57 Participants
41 Participants
No. of Falls
One or more falls
14 Participants
23 Participants

Adverse Events

Intervention

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 3 other events
Deaths: 3 deaths

Control

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 3 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Other adverse events
Measure
Intervention
n=77 participants at risk
Exercise and education: Exercise according to the falls prevention programme. Information on motivation, the effectiveness of falls prevention and the importance of adherence.
Control
n=78 participants at risk
Activities as usual.
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
Musculoskeletal pain/discomfort
3.9%
3/77 • Study period of 6 months
Adverse events definition also included falls, cardiovascular events or musculoskeletal injuries when performing exercises.
0.00%
0/78 • Study period of 6 months
Adverse events definition also included falls, cardiovascular events or musculoskeletal injuries when performing exercises.

Additional Information

Maria Bjerk

OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University

Phone: +4767236683

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
  • Publication restrictions are in place