Trial Outcomes & Findings for Analgesia Regimens Following Trans-sphenoidal Surgery for Pituitary Tumors (NCT NCT02351700)
NCT ID: NCT02351700
Last Updated: 2021-10-21
Results Overview
Comparison of pain scores between two arms using Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for Pain. Units of measure are 0=No Pain, 1=Annoying, 2=Mild Pain, 3=Troublesome, 4=Nagging Pain, Uncomfortable, 5=Distressing, 6=Miserable, 7=Horrible, 8=Intense, Dreadful, 9=Unbearable, 10=Worst Possible Pain. Higher values represent a worse outcome. There are no subscales.
Recruitment status
COMPLETED
Study phase
PHASE4
Target enrollment
62 participants
Primary outcome timeframe
mean pain score over 48 hours
Results posted on
2021-10-21
Participant Flow
Adult patients undergoing endonasal transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenoma. Potential patients were identified in the Pituitary Clinic at Barrow Neurological Institute.
Randomized 1:1 ratio with blinded treatment assignment. Used a computer-generated list from random.org.
Participant milestones
| Measure |
Opioid-sparing Group
Intravenous (IV) Caldolor (ibuprofen) (800mg every 8 hours) initiated during surgery and oral acetaminophen 1000mg every 6 hours initiated post-operatively and continued for the duration of the hospital stay (an expected average stay of 2 days) or 48 hours, whichever comes first. Breakthrough pain will be treated with rescue narcotics (IV morphine 2-4mg every 2 hours and oral oxycodone 5-15mg every 4 hours immediately post-operatively through discharge, an expected average stay of 2 days). Hydromorphone (IV 0.5-2mg every 2 hours and oral 2-4mg every 4 hours) will be used in patients with morphine or oxycodone allergy or intolerance.
IV Caldolor (IV Ibuprofen): Compare addition of IV Caldolor (IV ibuprofen) intraoperatively and postoperatively against IV ibuprofen placebo added intraoperatively and postoperatively.
|
Standard Treatment Group
IV Caldolor placebo will be initiated during surgery and oral acetaminophen 1000mg every 6 hours will be initiated post-operatively and continued for the duration of the hospital stay (an expected average stay of 2 days) or 48 hours, whichever comes first. Breakthrough pain will be treated with rescue narcotics (IV morphine 2-4mg every 2 hours and oral oxycodone 5-15mg every 4 hours immediately post-operatively through discharge, an expected average stay of 2 days). Hydromorphone (IV 0.5-2mg every 2 hours and oral 2-4mg every 4 hours) will be used in patients with morphine or oxycodone allergy or intolerance.
IV Ibuprofen placebo: Compare addition of IV ibuprofen placebo intraoperatively and postoperatively against IV Caldolor (IV ibuprofen) added intraoperatively and postoperatively.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Overall Study
STARTED
|
28
|
34
|
|
Overall Study
COMPLETED
|
28
|
34
|
|
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
|
0
|
0
|
Reasons for withdrawal
Withdrawal data not reported
Baseline Characteristics
Analgesia Regimens Following Trans-sphenoidal Surgery for Pituitary Tumors
Baseline characteristics by cohort
| Measure |
Opioid-sparing Group
n=28 Participants
Intravenous (IV) Caldolor (ibuprofen) (800mg every 8 hours) initiated during surgery and oral acetaminophen 1000mg every 6 hours initiated post-operatively and continued for the duration of the hospital stay (an expected average stay of 2 days) or 48 hours, whichever comes first. Breakthrough pain will be treated with rescue narcotics (IV morphine 2-4mg every 2 hours and oral oxycodone 5-15mg every 4 hours immediately post-operatively through discharge, an expected average stay of 2 days). Hydromorphone (IV 0.5-2mg every 2 hours and oral 2-4mg every 4 hours) will be used in patients with morphine or oxycodone allergy or intolerance.
IV Caldolor (IV Ibuprofen): Compare addition of IV Caldolor (IV ibuprofen) intraoperatively and postoperatively against IV ibuprofen placebo added intraoperatively and postoperatively.
|
Standard Treatment Group
n=34 Participants
IV Caldolor placebo will be initiated during surgery and oral acetaminophen 1000mg every 6 hours will be initiated post-operatively and continued for the duration of the hospital stay (an expected average stay of 2 days) or 48 hours, whichever comes first. Breakthrough pain will be treated with rescue narcotics (IV morphine 2-4mg every 2 hours and oral oxycodone 5-15mg every 4 hours immediately post-operatively through discharge, an expected average stay of 2 days). Hydromorphone (IV 0.5-2mg every 2 hours and oral 2-4mg every 4 hours) will be used in patients with morphine or oxycodone allergy or intolerance.
IV Ibuprofen placebo: Compare addition of IV ibuprofen placebo intraoperatively and postoperatively against IV Caldolor (IV ibuprofen) added intraoperatively and postoperatively.
|
Total
n=62 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Age, Categorical
<=18 years
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Age, Categorical
Between 18 and 65 years
|
14 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
29 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
43 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Age, Categorical
>=65 years
|
14 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
5 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
19 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Female
|
13 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
18 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
31 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Male
|
15 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
16 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
31 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Hispanic or Latino
|
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
6 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
7 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Not Hispanic or Latino
|
27 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
28 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
55 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
|
28 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
30 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
58 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Region of Enrollment
United States
|
28 participants
n=5 Participants
|
34 participants
n=7 Participants
|
62 participants
n=5 Participants
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: mean pain score over 48 hoursPopulation: All participants enrolled with the intent to treat.
Comparison of pain scores between two arms using Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for Pain. Units of measure are 0=No Pain, 1=Annoying, 2=Mild Pain, 3=Troublesome, 4=Nagging Pain, Uncomfortable, 5=Distressing, 6=Miserable, 7=Horrible, 8=Intense, Dreadful, 9=Unbearable, 10=Worst Possible Pain. Higher values represent a worse outcome. There are no subscales.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Opioid-sparing Group
n=28 Participants
Intravenous (IV) Caldolor (ibuprofen) (800mg every 8 hours) initiated during surgery and oral acetaminophen 1000mg every 6 hours initiated post-operatively and continued for the duration of the hospital stay (an expected average stay of 2 days) or 48 hours, whichever comes first. Breakthrough pain will be treated with rescue narcotics (IV morphine 2-4mg every 2 hours and oral oxycodone 5-15mg every 4 hours immediately post-operatively through discharge, an expected average stay of 2 days). Hydromorphone (IV 0.5-2mg every 2 hours and oral 2-4mg every 4 hours) will be used in patients with morphine or oxycodone allergy or intolerance.
IV Caldolor (IV Ibuprofen): Compare addition of IV Caldolor (IV ibuprofen) intraoperatively and postoperatively against IV ibuprofen placebo added intraoperatively and postoperatively.
|
Standard Treatment Group
n=34 Participants
IV Caldolor placebo will be initiated during surgery and oral acetaminophen 1000mg every 6 hours will be initiated post-operatively and continued for the duration of the hospital stay (an expected average stay of 2 days) or 48 hours, whichever comes first. Breakthrough pain will be treated with rescue narcotics (IV morphine 2-4mg every 2 hours and oral oxycodone 5-15mg every 4 hours immediately post-operatively through discharge, an expected average stay of 2 days). Hydromorphone (IV 0.5-2mg every 2 hours and oral 2-4mg every 4 hours) will be used in patients with morphine or oxycodone allergy or intolerance.
IV Ibuprofen placebo: Compare addition of IV ibuprofen placebo intraoperatively and postoperatively against IV Caldolor (IV ibuprofen) added intraoperatively and postoperatively.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Comparison of Mean Pain Scores Between Two Arms (Measured Every 4 Hours Over 48 Hour)
|
1.7 0-10 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.2
|
2.8 0-10 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.0
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: until discharge from hospital, an expected stay of 2 daysPopulation: All participants enrolled with the intent to treat.
Rescue narcotic in both groups will be recorded and compared using a standard equianalgesic oral morphine equivalent (OME) calculation
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Opioid-sparing Group
n=28 Participants
Intravenous (IV) Caldolor (ibuprofen) (800mg every 8 hours) initiated during surgery and oral acetaminophen 1000mg every 6 hours initiated post-operatively and continued for the duration of the hospital stay (an expected average stay of 2 days) or 48 hours, whichever comes first. Breakthrough pain will be treated with rescue narcotics (IV morphine 2-4mg every 2 hours and oral oxycodone 5-15mg every 4 hours immediately post-operatively through discharge, an expected average stay of 2 days). Hydromorphone (IV 0.5-2mg every 2 hours and oral 2-4mg every 4 hours) will be used in patients with morphine or oxycodone allergy or intolerance.
IV Caldolor (IV Ibuprofen): Compare addition of IV Caldolor (IV ibuprofen) intraoperatively and postoperatively against IV ibuprofen placebo added intraoperatively and postoperatively.
|
Standard Treatment Group
n=34 Participants
IV Caldolor placebo will be initiated during surgery and oral acetaminophen 1000mg every 6 hours will be initiated post-operatively and continued for the duration of the hospital stay (an expected average stay of 2 days) or 48 hours, whichever comes first. Breakthrough pain will be treated with rescue narcotics (IV morphine 2-4mg every 2 hours and oral oxycodone 5-15mg every 4 hours immediately post-operatively through discharge, an expected average stay of 2 days). Hydromorphone (IV 0.5-2mg every 2 hours and oral 2-4mg every 4 hours) will be used in patients with morphine or oxycodone allergy or intolerance.
IV Ibuprofen placebo: Compare addition of IV ibuprofen placebo intraoperatively and postoperatively against IV Caldolor (IV ibuprofen) added intraoperatively and postoperatively.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Breakthrough Narcotic Requirement
|
26.3 mg
Standard Deviation 28.7
|
62.5 mg
Standard Deviation 63.8
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: until discharge from hospital, an expected stay of 2 daysEpistaxis, potentially related to IV ibuprofen, will be compared between two groups
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Opioid-sparing Group
n=28 Participants
Intravenous (IV) Caldolor (ibuprofen) (800mg every 8 hours) initiated during surgery and oral acetaminophen 1000mg every 6 hours initiated post-operatively and continued for the duration of the hospital stay (an expected average stay of 2 days) or 48 hours, whichever comes first. Breakthrough pain will be treated with rescue narcotics (IV morphine 2-4mg every 2 hours and oral oxycodone 5-15mg every 4 hours immediately post-operatively through discharge, an expected average stay of 2 days). Hydromorphone (IV 0.5-2mg every 2 hours and oral 2-4mg every 4 hours) will be used in patients with morphine or oxycodone allergy or intolerance.
IV Caldolor (IV Ibuprofen): Compare addition of IV Caldolor (IV ibuprofen) intraoperatively and postoperatively against IV ibuprofen placebo added intraoperatively and postoperatively.
|
Standard Treatment Group
n=34 Participants
IV Caldolor placebo will be initiated during surgery and oral acetaminophen 1000mg every 6 hours will be initiated post-operatively and continued for the duration of the hospital stay (an expected average stay of 2 days) or 48 hours, whichever comes first. Breakthrough pain will be treated with rescue narcotics (IV morphine 2-4mg every 2 hours and oral oxycodone 5-15mg every 4 hours immediately post-operatively through discharge, an expected average stay of 2 days). Hydromorphone (IV 0.5-2mg every 2 hours and oral 2-4mg every 4 hours) will be used in patients with morphine or oxycodone allergy or intolerance.
IV Ibuprofen placebo: Compare addition of IV ibuprofen placebo intraoperatively and postoperatively against IV Caldolor (IV ibuprofen) added intraoperatively and postoperatively.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Other Adverse Events
|
0 participants
|
2 participants
|
OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome
Timeframe: until discharge from hospital, an expected stay of 2 daysTotal hospital costs for patients in IV ibuprofen arm compared to IV placebo arm
Outcome measures
Outcome data not reported
OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome
Timeframe: until discharge from hospital, an expected stay of 2 daysPopulation: all patients enrolled with intent to treat
patients with one or more bowel movement(s) in the first 48 hours after surgery
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Opioid-sparing Group
n=28 Participants
Intravenous (IV) Caldolor (ibuprofen) (800mg every 8 hours) initiated during surgery and oral acetaminophen 1000mg every 6 hours initiated post-operatively and continued for the duration of the hospital stay (an expected average stay of 2 days) or 48 hours, whichever comes first. Breakthrough pain will be treated with rescue narcotics (IV morphine 2-4mg every 2 hours and oral oxycodone 5-15mg every 4 hours immediately post-operatively through discharge, an expected average stay of 2 days). Hydromorphone (IV 0.5-2mg every 2 hours and oral 2-4mg every 4 hours) will be used in patients with morphine or oxycodone allergy or intolerance.
IV Caldolor (IV Ibuprofen): Compare addition of IV Caldolor (IV ibuprofen) intraoperatively and postoperatively against IV ibuprofen placebo added intraoperatively and postoperatively.
|
Standard Treatment Group
n=34 Participants
IV Caldolor placebo will be initiated during surgery and oral acetaminophen 1000mg every 6 hours will be initiated post-operatively and continued for the duration of the hospital stay (an expected average stay of 2 days) or 48 hours, whichever comes first. Breakthrough pain will be treated with rescue narcotics (IV morphine 2-4mg every 2 hours and oral oxycodone 5-15mg every 4 hours immediately post-operatively through discharge, an expected average stay of 2 days). Hydromorphone (IV 0.5-2mg every 2 hours and oral 2-4mg every 4 hours) will be used in patients with morphine or oxycodone allergy or intolerance.
IV Ibuprofen placebo: Compare addition of IV ibuprofen placebo intraoperatively and postoperatively against IV Caldolor (IV ibuprofen) added intraoperatively and postoperatively.
|
|---|---|---|
|
The Number of Participants Who Have a Bowel Movement During Hospitalization in Both Groups
|
9 participants
|
12 participants
|
OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome
Timeframe: until discharge from hospital, an expected stay of 2 daysPopulation: all participants enrolled with the intent to treat
Length of hospital stay from time of surgery to time of discharge.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Opioid-sparing Group
n=28 Participants
Intravenous (IV) Caldolor (ibuprofen) (800mg every 8 hours) initiated during surgery and oral acetaminophen 1000mg every 6 hours initiated post-operatively and continued for the duration of the hospital stay (an expected average stay of 2 days) or 48 hours, whichever comes first. Breakthrough pain will be treated with rescue narcotics (IV morphine 2-4mg every 2 hours and oral oxycodone 5-15mg every 4 hours immediately post-operatively through discharge, an expected average stay of 2 days). Hydromorphone (IV 0.5-2mg every 2 hours and oral 2-4mg every 4 hours) will be used in patients with morphine or oxycodone allergy or intolerance.
IV Caldolor (IV Ibuprofen): Compare addition of IV Caldolor (IV ibuprofen) intraoperatively and postoperatively against IV ibuprofen placebo added intraoperatively and postoperatively.
|
Standard Treatment Group
n=34 Participants
IV Caldolor placebo will be initiated during surgery and oral acetaminophen 1000mg every 6 hours will be initiated post-operatively and continued for the duration of the hospital stay (an expected average stay of 2 days) or 48 hours, whichever comes first. Breakthrough pain will be treated with rescue narcotics (IV morphine 2-4mg every 2 hours and oral oxycodone 5-15mg every 4 hours immediately post-operatively through discharge, an expected average stay of 2 days). Hydromorphone (IV 0.5-2mg every 2 hours and oral 2-4mg every 4 hours) will be used in patients with morphine or oxycodone allergy or intolerance.
IV Ibuprofen placebo: Compare addition of IV ibuprofen placebo intraoperatively and postoperatively against IV Caldolor (IV ibuprofen) added intraoperatively and postoperatively.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Length of Stay in Hospital Compared Between Two Arms
|
71.3 hours
Standard Deviation 47.5
|
51.7 hours
Standard Deviation 30.3
|
OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome
Timeframe: until discharge from hospital, an expected stay of 2 daysPopulation: all participants enrolled with the intent to treat
Use of antiemetics in first 48 hours after surgery
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Opioid-sparing Group
n=28 Participants
Intravenous (IV) Caldolor (ibuprofen) (800mg every 8 hours) initiated during surgery and oral acetaminophen 1000mg every 6 hours initiated post-operatively and continued for the duration of the hospital stay (an expected average stay of 2 days) or 48 hours, whichever comes first. Breakthrough pain will be treated with rescue narcotics (IV morphine 2-4mg every 2 hours and oral oxycodone 5-15mg every 4 hours immediately post-operatively through discharge, an expected average stay of 2 days). Hydromorphone (IV 0.5-2mg every 2 hours and oral 2-4mg every 4 hours) will be used in patients with morphine or oxycodone allergy or intolerance.
IV Caldolor (IV Ibuprofen): Compare addition of IV Caldolor (IV ibuprofen) intraoperatively and postoperatively against IV ibuprofen placebo added intraoperatively and postoperatively.
|
Standard Treatment Group
n=34 Participants
IV Caldolor placebo will be initiated during surgery and oral acetaminophen 1000mg every 6 hours will be initiated post-operatively and continued for the duration of the hospital stay (an expected average stay of 2 days) or 48 hours, whichever comes first. Breakthrough pain will be treated with rescue narcotics (IV morphine 2-4mg every 2 hours and oral oxycodone 5-15mg every 4 hours immediately post-operatively through discharge, an expected average stay of 2 days). Hydromorphone (IV 0.5-2mg every 2 hours and oral 2-4mg every 4 hours) will be used in patients with morphine or oxycodone allergy or intolerance.
IV Ibuprofen placebo: Compare addition of IV ibuprofen placebo intraoperatively and postoperatively against IV Caldolor (IV ibuprofen) added intraoperatively and postoperatively.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Total Number of Doses of Any Anti-emetic Required Post-operatively in Both Groups
|
9.8 dose
Standard Deviation 9.1
|
10.1 dose
Standard Deviation 6.6
|
Adverse Events
Opioid-sparing Group
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 2 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Standard Treatment Group
Serious events: 2 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Serious adverse events
| Measure |
Opioid-sparing Group
n=28 participants at risk
Intravenous (IV) Caldolor (ibuprofen) (800mg every 8 hours) initiated during surgery and oral acetaminophen 1000mg every 6 hours initiated post-operatively and continued for the duration of the hospital stay (an expected average stay of 2 days) or 48 hours, whichever comes first. Breakthrough pain will be treated with rescue narcotics (IV morphine 2-4 mg every 2 hours and oral oxycodone 5-15mg every 4 hours immediately post-operatively through discharge, an expected average stay of 2 days). Hydromorphone (IV 0.5-2 mg every 2 hours and oral 2-4 mg every 4 hours) will be used in patients with morphine or oxycodone allergy or intolerance.
IV Caldolor (Ibuprofen): Compare addition of IV Caldolor (ibuprofen) intraoperatively and postoperatively against IV placebo added intraoperatively and postoperatively.
|
Standard Treatment Group
n=34 participants at risk
IV placebo will be initiated during surgery and oral acetaminophen 1000mg every 6 hours will be initiated post-operatively and continued for the duration of the hospital stay (an expected average stay of 2 days) or 48 hours, whichever comes first. Breakthrough pain will be treated with rescue narcotics (IV morphine 2-4mg every 2 hours and oral oxycodone 5-15mg every 4 hours immediately post-operatively through discharge, an expected average stay of 2 days). Hydromorphone (IV 0.5-2 mg every 2 hours and oral 2-4mg every 4 hours) will be used in patients with morphine or oxycodone allergy or intolerance.
IV placebo: Compare addition of IV placebo intraoperatively and postoperatively against IV Caldolor (ibuprofen) added intraoperatively and postoperatively.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Epistaxis
|
0.00%
0/28 • surgery date until hospital discharge (average of 2 days)
|
5.9%
2/34 • Number of events 2 • surgery date until hospital discharge (average of 2 days)
|
Other adverse events
| Measure |
Opioid-sparing Group
n=28 participants at risk
Intravenous (IV) Caldolor (ibuprofen) (800mg every 8 hours) initiated during surgery and oral acetaminophen 1000mg every 6 hours initiated post-operatively and continued for the duration of the hospital stay (an expected average stay of 2 days) or 48 hours, whichever comes first. Breakthrough pain will be treated with rescue narcotics (IV morphine 2-4 mg every 2 hours and oral oxycodone 5-15mg every 4 hours immediately post-operatively through discharge, an expected average stay of 2 days). Hydromorphone (IV 0.5-2 mg every 2 hours and oral 2-4 mg every 4 hours) will be used in patients with morphine or oxycodone allergy or intolerance.
IV Caldolor (Ibuprofen): Compare addition of IV Caldolor (ibuprofen) intraoperatively and postoperatively against IV placebo added intraoperatively and postoperatively.
|
Standard Treatment Group
n=34 participants at risk
IV placebo will be initiated during surgery and oral acetaminophen 1000mg every 6 hours will be initiated post-operatively and continued for the duration of the hospital stay (an expected average stay of 2 days) or 48 hours, whichever comes first. Breakthrough pain will be treated with rescue narcotics (IV morphine 2-4mg every 2 hours and oral oxycodone 5-15mg every 4 hours immediately post-operatively through discharge, an expected average stay of 2 days). Hydromorphone (IV 0.5-2 mg every 2 hours and oral 2-4mg every 4 hours) will be used in patients with morphine or oxycodone allergy or intolerance.
IV placebo: Compare addition of IV placebo intraoperatively and postoperatively against IV Caldolor (ibuprofen) added intraoperatively and postoperatively.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Blood and lymphatic system disorders
hyperkalemia
|
3.6%
1/28 • Number of events 1 • surgery date until hospital discharge (average of 2 days)
|
0.00%
0/34 • surgery date until hospital discharge (average of 2 days)
|
|
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
burning at IV site
|
3.6%
1/28 • Number of events 1 • surgery date until hospital discharge (average of 2 days)
|
0.00%
0/34 • surgery date until hospital discharge (average of 2 days)
|
Additional Information
Andrew S. Little, MD
Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center
Phone: 602-406-3181
Email: [email protected]
Results disclosure agreements
- Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
- Publication restrictions are in place