Cefazolin-Lidocaine Combination Solution to Reduce Antibiotic Pain

NCT ID: NCT02324166

Last Updated: 2014-12-24

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

UNKNOWN

Clinical Phase

PHASE4

Total Enrollment

54 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2015-01-31

Study Completion Date

2016-01-31

Brief Summary

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In retinal surgery, endophthalmitis is a sight-threatening eye infection that could complicate patient vision after the operation. At Toronto Western Hospital, for retinal surgery (operating at the back of the eye) it is common practice to administer an antibiotic (cefazolin) at the end of surgery, to reduce the risk of post-operative endophthalmitis. The antibiotic is administered by injection underneath the part of the eye called the conjunctiva. However, this antibiotic injection is often associated with high levels of post-operative pain. Previous studies have observed a reduction of this pain by injecting an anesthetic (lidocaine) in the subconjunctival space before the antibiotic. This study will seek to examine whether mixing 2% lidocaine with cefazolin before its injection will reduce post-operative pain in the retinal surgery setting.

Detailed Description

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Endophthalmitis is a sight threatening eye infection that can complicate any type of intra-ocular surgery including vitreo-retinal surgery. The incidence, risk factors, management, microbiology and prognosis of endophthalmitis following vitreo-retinal surgery has been well described by a prospective international study, which demonstrated that this complication is quite rare but has a poor prognosis(1,2).

It is a common practice to administer antibiotic at the end of surgery(3), to reduce the risk of post-operative endophthalmitis. In Canada and Europe for anterior segment surgery, intracameral injection of an antibiotic is a common practice(4). In vitreo-retinal surgery, the anterior segment is often not breached, so rather than the antibiotic being delivered into the anterior chamber, it is administered by subconjunctival injection. However, such subconjunctival injection of antibiotic, such as cefuroxime (a second generation cephalosporin) is often associated with high levels of post-operative pain(5).

Local anesthesia for vitreo-retinal surgery is routinely achieved by either subtenon or retro-bulbar regional anaesthesia. Vitreo-retinal surgery at Toronto Western Hospital typically is performed with retro-bulbar anaesthesia, which involves the transcutaneous injection of anesthetic solution, often 2% lidocaine and 0.5% marcain, into the retrobulbar space using a needle6. At the end of surgery, subconjunctival cefazolin (Ancef) and steroid(Solucortef) are given, and surgeons have noticed that this often appears to cause discomfort in the end of surgery.

Although previous study has explored the reduction of pain through the use of buffered lidocaine injected in the subconjunctival space before cefuroxime for cataract surgery(5), the utility of mixing 2% lidocaine with cefazolin before subconjunctival injection has not yet been evaluated. This may serve as an effective method of lowering pain associated with cefazolin delivery in the retinal surgical setting.

Conditions

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Vitreoretinal Surgery Endophthalmitis

Keywords

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cefazolin lidocaine

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Blinding Strategy

SINGLE

Participants

Study Groups

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Cefazolin

For the control group, cefazolin will be drawn into a 1 mL syringe and 0.5 mL will be injected with a 30-gauge needle into the subconjunctival space. This will be performed at the end of the retinal surgery.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Cefazolin

Intervention Type DRUG

cephalosporin antibiotic

Cefazolin + Lidocaine

For the comparator group, the cefazolin and 0.2 mL lidocaine 2% will be mixed together in the same 1 mL syringe and 0.5 mL of the mixed solution injected with a 30-gauge needle into the subconjunctival space. This will be performed at the end of the retinal surgery surgery.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Cefazolin

Intervention Type DRUG

cephalosporin antibiotic

Lidocaine

Intervention Type DRUG

local anesthetic

Interventions

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Cefazolin

cephalosporin antibiotic

Intervention Type DRUG

Lidocaine

local anesthetic

Intervention Type DRUG

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Patient is above the age of 18,
* Patient requires retinal surgery,
* Requires retro-bulbar anaesthesia for vitreo-retinal surgery,
* Patient is able to provide consent to the study

Exclusion Criteria

* Patient is cognitively incapable of performing the study,
* Patient is unable to fully understand the study requirements and provide informed consent.
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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University Health Network, Toronto

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Wai-Ching Lam

Professor University of Toronto, Residency Program Director Dept. of Ophthalmology, Continuing Medical Education

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Wai-Ching Lam, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University Health Network, Toronto

Central Contacts

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Wai-Ching Lam, MD

Role: CONTACT

Phone: 4166035376

Email: [email protected]

Robert Devenyi, MD

Role: CONTACT

Phone: 416 603 5602

Email: [email protected]

References

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Park JC, Ramasamy B, Shaw S, Prasad S, Ling RH. A prospective and nationwide study investigating endophthalmitis following pars plana vitrectomy: incidence and risk factors. Br J Ophthalmol. 2014 Apr;98(4):529-33. doi: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2013-304485. Epub 2014 Jan 13.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 24420916 (View on PubMed)

Park JC, Ramasamy B, Shaw S, Ling RH, Prasad S. A prospective and nationwide study investigating endophthalmitis following pars plana vitrectomy: clinical presentation, microbiology, management and outcome. Br J Ophthalmol. 2014 Aug;98(8):1080-6. doi: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2013-304486. Epub 2014 Mar 31.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 24686917 (View on PubMed)

Gower EW, Lindsley K, Nanji AA, Leyngold I, McDonnell PJ. Perioperative antibiotics for prevention of acute endophthalmitis after cataract surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Jul 15;7(7):CD006364. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006364.pub2.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 23857416 (View on PubMed)

Ong-Tone L, Bell A, Tan YY. Practice patterns of Canadian Ophthalmological Society members in cataract surgery: 2011 survey. Can J Ophthalmol. 2012 Apr;47(2):124-30. doi: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2012.01.012.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 22560416 (View on PubMed)

Kayarkar VV, Dinakaran S. Topical anesthesia for phacoemulsification and painless subconjunctival antibiotic injection. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2001 Feb;27(2):198-200. doi: 10.1016/s0886-3350(00)00564-2.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 11226781 (View on PubMed)

Lai MM, Lai JC, Lee WH, Huang JJ, Patel S, Ying HS, Melia M, Haller JA, Handa JT. Comparison of retrobulbar and sub-Tenon's capsule injection of local anesthetic in vitreoretinal surgery. Ophthalmology. 2005 Apr;112(4):574-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2004.10.043.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 15808246 (View on PubMed)

Younger J, McCue R, Mackey S. Pain outcomes: a brief review of instruments and techniques. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2009 Feb;13(1):39-43. doi: 10.1007/s11916-009-0009-x.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 19126370 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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CefazolinPain

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id