Trial Outcomes & Findings for PCORI-1306-02918 Evaluation of Parent-based Programs to Support Children After Traumatic Injury (NCT NCT02323204)
NCT ID: NCT02323204
Last Updated: 2019-06-10
Results Overview
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (modified) scale, a questionnaire. Lower scores are preferable. Scores may range from 1 to 52. Responses submitted by parents are with respect to themselves. Responses submitted by children are with respect to themselves.
Recruitment status
COMPLETED
Study phase
NA
Target enrollment
628 participants
Primary outcome timeframe
surveys were provided at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months post-baseline
Results posted on
2019-06-10
Participant Flow
Children between the ages of 10-17 who were hospitalized because of traumatic injury between January 2015-July 2017 along with one parent were recruited for participation at 4 children's hospitals in the Midwest.
After consenting to participation, participants completed baseline questionnaires, and were randomized to one of two interventions.
Participant milestones
| Measure |
Link: Child Participants
Participants of this group were injured children who completed a baseline questionnaire and whose parents received "Link for Injured Kids: Psychological First Aid", an in-person training in key intervention communication skills from a trained interventionist.
|
Link: Parent Participants
Participants of this group completed a baseline questionnaire and received "Link for Injured Kids: Psychological First Aid", an in-person training in key intervention communication skills from a trained interventionist.
|
Trauma Education: Child Participants
Participants of this group were injured children who completed a baseline questionnaire and whose parents received the trauma education booklet, "So you've been in an accident".
|
Trauma Education: Parent Participants
Participants of this group completed a baseline questionnaire and received the trauma education booklet, "So you've been in an accident".
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Baseline Survey Completion
STARTED
|
155
|
155
|
159
|
159
|
|
Baseline Survey Completion
COMPLETED
|
145
|
146
|
154
|
156
|
|
Baseline Survey Completion
NOT COMPLETED
|
10
|
9
|
5
|
3
|
|
6-week Follow-up Survey Completion
STARTED
|
145
|
146
|
154
|
156
|
|
6-week Follow-up Survey Completion
COMPLETED
|
104
|
110
|
112
|
119
|
|
6-week Follow-up Survey Completion
NOT COMPLETED
|
41
|
36
|
42
|
37
|
|
6-week Follow-up Intervention Booster
STARTED
|
0
|
146
|
0
|
156
|
|
6-week Follow-up Intervention Booster
COMPLETED
|
0
|
103
|
0
|
120
|
|
6-week Follow-up Intervention Booster
NOT COMPLETED
|
0
|
43
|
0
|
36
|
|
3-month Follow-up Survey Completion
STARTED
|
145
|
146
|
154
|
156
|
|
3-month Follow-up Survey Completion
COMPLETED
|
91
|
99
|
113
|
112
|
|
3-month Follow-up Survey Completion
NOT COMPLETED
|
54
|
47
|
41
|
44
|
|
6-month Follow-up Survey Completion
STARTED
|
145
|
146
|
154
|
156
|
|
6-month Follow-up Survey Completion
COMPLETED
|
96
|
96
|
113
|
112
|
|
6-month Follow-up Survey Completion
NOT COMPLETED
|
49
|
50
|
41
|
44
|
Reasons for withdrawal
| Measure |
Link: Child Participants
Participants of this group were injured children who completed a baseline questionnaire and whose parents received "Link for Injured Kids: Psychological First Aid", an in-person training in key intervention communication skills from a trained interventionist.
|
Link: Parent Participants
Participants of this group completed a baseline questionnaire and received "Link for Injured Kids: Psychological First Aid", an in-person training in key intervention communication skills from a trained interventionist.
|
Trauma Education: Child Participants
Participants of this group were injured children who completed a baseline questionnaire and whose parents received the trauma education booklet, "So you've been in an accident".
|
Trauma Education: Parent Participants
Participants of this group completed a baseline questionnaire and received the trauma education booklet, "So you've been in an accident".
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Baseline Survey Completion
Withdrawal by Subject
|
10
|
9
|
5
|
3
|
|
6-week Follow-up Survey Completion
Lost to Follow-up
|
29
|
28
|
39
|
35
|
|
6-week Follow-up Survey Completion
Withdrawal by Subject
|
12
|
8
|
3
|
2
|
|
6-week Follow-up Intervention Booster
Lost to Follow-up
|
0
|
35
|
0
|
34
|
|
6-week Follow-up Intervention Booster
Withdrawal by Subject
|
0
|
8
|
0
|
2
|
|
3-month Follow-up Survey Completion
Lost to Follow-up
|
54
|
45
|
41
|
42
|
|
3-month Follow-up Survey Completion
Withdrawal by Subject
|
0
|
2
|
0
|
2
|
|
6-month Follow-up Survey Completion
Lost to Follow-up
|
49
|
50
|
38
|
43
|
|
6-month Follow-up Survey Completion
Withdrawal by Subject
|
0
|
0
|
3
|
1
|
Baseline Characteristics
Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
Baseline characteristics by cohort
| Measure |
Link: Child Participants
n=145 Participants
Participants of this group were injured children who completed a baseline questionnaire and whose parents received "Link for Injured Kids: Psychological First Aid", an in-person training in key intervention communication skills from a trained interventionist.
|
Link: Parent Participants
n=146 Participants
Participants of this group completed a baseline questionnaire and received "Link for Injured Kids: Psychological First Aid", an in-person training in key intervention communication skills from a trained interventionist.
|
Trauma Education: Child Participants
n=154 Participants
Participants of this group were injured children who completed a baseline questionnaire and whose parents received the trauma education booklet, "So you've been in an accident".
|
Trauma Education: Parent Participants
n=156 Participants
Participants of this group completed a baseline questionnaire and received the trauma education booklet, "So you've been in an accident".
|
Total
n=601 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Age, Continuous
Child Participants
|
14.04 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.16 • n=145 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
—
|
13.82 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.57 • n=154 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
—
|
13.93 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.38 • n=299 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
|
Age, Continuous
Parent Participants
|
—
|
42.73 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.00 • n=144 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
—
|
41.71 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.28 • n=151 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
42.21 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.15 • n=295 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Child Participants · Female
|
52 Participants
n=145 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
—
|
60 Participants
n=154 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
—
|
112 Participants
n=299 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Child Participants · Male
|
93 Participants
n=145 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
—
|
94 Participants
n=154 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
—
|
187 Participants
n=299 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Parent Participants · Female
|
—
|
114 Participants
n=146 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
—
|
123 Participants
n=154 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
237 Participants
n=300 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Parent Participants · Male
|
—
|
32 Participants
n=146 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
—
|
31 Participants
n=154 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
63 Participants
n=300 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Child Participants · Hispanic or Latino
|
9 Participants
n=145 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification.
|
—
|
14 Participants
n=154 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification.
|
—
|
23 Participants
n=299 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification.
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Child Participants · Not Hispanic or Latino
|
136 Participants
n=145 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification.
|
—
|
139 Participants
n=154 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification.
|
—
|
275 Participants
n=299 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification.
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Child Participants · Unknown or Not Reported
|
0 Participants
n=145 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification.
|
—
|
1 Participants
n=154 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification.
|
—
|
1 Participants
n=299 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification.
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Parent Participants · Hispanic or Latino
|
—
|
9 Participants
n=146 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification.
|
—
|
7 Participants
n=156 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification.
|
16 Participants
n=302 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification.
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Parent Participants · Not Hispanic or Latino
|
—
|
137 Participants
n=146 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification.
|
—
|
147 Participants
n=156 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification.
|
284 Participants
n=302 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification.
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Parent Participants · Unknown or Not Reported
|
—
|
0 Participants
n=146 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification.
|
—
|
2 Participants
n=156 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification.
|
2 Participants
n=302 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification.
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Child Participants · American Indian / Alaskan Native
|
2 Participants
n=145 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification
|
—
|
0 Participants
n=154 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification
|
—
|
2 Participants
n=299 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Child Participants · Asian / Pacific Islander
|
2 Participants
n=145 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification
|
—
|
3 Participants
n=154 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification
|
—
|
5 Participants
n=299 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Child Participants · African American
|
6 Participants
n=145 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification
|
—
|
7 Participants
n=154 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification
|
—
|
13 Participants
n=299 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Child Participants · Multi-Race
|
5 Participants
n=145 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification
|
—
|
5 Participants
n=154 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification
|
—
|
10 Participants
n=299 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Child Participants · Other
|
1 Participants
n=145 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification
|
—
|
1 Participants
n=154 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification
|
—
|
2 Participants
n=299 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Child Participants · White
|
125 Participants
n=145 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification
|
—
|
132 Participants
n=154 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification
|
—
|
257 Participants
n=299 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Child Participants · Unknown or Not Reported
|
4 Participants
n=145 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification
|
—
|
6 Participants
n=154 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification
|
—
|
10 Participants
n=299 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Parent Participants · American Indian / Alaskan Native
|
—
|
1 Participants
n=146 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification
|
—
|
0 Participants
n=156 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification
|
1 Participants
n=302 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Parent Participants · Asian / Pacific Islander
|
—
|
1 Participants
n=146 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification
|
—
|
1 Participants
n=156 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification
|
2 Participants
n=302 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Parent Participants · African American
|
—
|
3 Participants
n=146 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification
|
—
|
7 Participants
n=156 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification
|
10 Participants
n=302 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Parent Participants · Multi-Race
|
—
|
7 Participants
n=146 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification
|
—
|
2 Participants
n=156 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification
|
9 Participants
n=302 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Parent Participants · Other
|
—
|
0 Participants
n=146 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification
|
—
|
1 Participants
n=156 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification
|
1 Participants
n=302 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Parent Participants · White
|
—
|
128 Participants
n=146 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification
|
—
|
137 Participants
n=156 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification
|
265 Participants
n=302 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Parent Participants · Unknown or Not Reported
|
—
|
6 Participants
n=146 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification
|
—
|
8 Participants
n=156 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification
|
14 Participants
n=302 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification
|
|
Region of Enrollment
United States
|
145 participants
n=145 Participants
|
146 participants
n=146 Participants
|
154 participants
n=154 Participants
|
156 participants
n=156 Participants
|
601 participants
n=601 Participants
|
|
CESD
Child Participants
|
9.51 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.08 • n=124 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
—
|
8.98 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.79 • n=132 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
—
|
9.24 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.93 • n=256 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
|
CESD
Parent Participants
|
—
|
8.40 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.26 • n=134 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
—
|
8.65 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.10 • n=141 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
8.53 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.70 • n=275 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
|
PTSD
Child Participants
|
9.97 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.91 • n=133 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
—
|
9.95 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.31 • n=136 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
—
|
9.96 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.10 • n=269 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
|
PTSD
Parent Participants
|
—
|
8.21 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.87 • n=110 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
—
|
7.61 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.62 • n=114 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
7.90 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.73 • n=224 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
|
Quality of Life
Child Participants
|
12.06 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.13 • n=119 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
—
|
14.47 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.32 • n=121 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
—
|
13.27 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.31 • n=240 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
|
Quality of Life
Parent Participants
|
—
|
13.13 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 14.65 • n=122 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
—
|
13.92 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 15.21 • n=119 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
13.52 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 14.90 • n=241 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
|
Psychological Distress
Child Participants
|
6.24 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.26 • n=141 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
—
|
6.11 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.72 • n=150 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
—
|
6.18 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.49 • n=291 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
|
Psychological Distress
Parent Participants
|
—
|
4.98 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.83 • n=141 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
—
|
4.72 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.31 • n=151 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
4.85 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.08 • n=292 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
|
Composite SDQ
Child Participants
|
8.24 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.75 • n=128 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
—
|
9.13 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.32 • n=134 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
—
|
8.70 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.05 • n=262 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
|
Composite SDQ
Parent Participants
|
—
|
7.68 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.82 • n=139 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
—
|
8.18 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.34 • n=146 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
7.94 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.09 • n=285 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
|
SDQ: Emotional Subscale
Child Participants
|
2.58 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.01 • n=140 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
—
|
2.76 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.20 • n=148 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
—
|
2.67 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.11 • n=288 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
|
SDQ: Emotional Subscale
Parent Participants
|
—
|
2.33 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.84 • n=144 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
—
|
2.49 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.94 • n=150 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
2.41 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.89 • n=294 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
|
SDQ: Conduct Subscale
Child Participants
|
2.47 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.68 • n=137 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
—
|
2.55 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.54 • n=148 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
—
|
2.51 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.61 • n=285 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
|
SDQ: Conduct Subscale
Parent Participants
|
—
|
2.19 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.60 • n=145 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
—
|
2.28 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.74 • n=152 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
2.24 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.67 • n=297 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
|
SDQ: Hyperactivity Subscale
Child Participants
|
3.91 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.33 • n=138 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
—
|
4.08 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.33 • n=145 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
—
|
4.00 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.33 • n=283 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
|
SDQ: Hyperactivity Subscale
Parent Participants
|
—
|
3.85 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.46 • n=145 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
—
|
3.87 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.67 • n=150 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
3.86 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.56 • n=295 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
|
SDQ: Peer Subscale
Child Participants
|
2.39 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.53 • n=137 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
—
|
2.75 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.87 • n=144 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
—
|
2.57 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.72 • n=281 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
|
SDQ: Peer Subscale
Parent Participants
|
—
|
2.38 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.56 • n=143 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
—
|
2.50 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.73 • n=149 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
2.44 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.64 • n=292 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
|
SDQ: Prosocial Scale
Child Participants
|
2.76 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.88 • n=143 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
—
|
2.80 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.88 • n=146 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
—
|
2.78 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.88 • n=289 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
|
SDQ: Prosocial Scale
Parent Participants
|
—
|
2.31 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.61 • n=146 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
—
|
2.49 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.91 • n=152 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
2.40 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.77 • n=298 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
|
Urbanicity
Child Participants · Rural
|
51 Participants
n=145 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
—
|
58 Participants
n=153 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
—
|
109 Participants
n=298 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
|
Urbanicity
Child Participants · Urban
|
94 Participants
n=145 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
—
|
95 Participants
n=153 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
—
|
189 Participants
n=298 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
|
Urbanicity
Parent Participants · Rural
|
—
|
51 Participants
n=146 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
—
|
59 Participants
n=156 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
110 Participants
n=302 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
|
Urbanicity
Parent Participants · Urban
|
—
|
95 Participants
n=146 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
—
|
97 Participants
n=156 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
192 Participants
n=302 Participants • Analyses are separated by parent or child classification. Count differences within each population (parent, child) are attributed to missing data.
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: surveys were provided at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months post-baselinePopulation: Subjects who completed the baseline questionnaire and at least one questionnaire post-baseline were eligible for analyses. Of these, only those subjects whose data were observed or could be imputed were used in the fitting of Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMMs). Means and standard deviations were computed using observed data only.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (modified) scale, a questionnaire. Lower scores are preferable. Scores may range from 1 to 52. Responses submitted by parents are with respect to themselves. Responses submitted by children are with respect to themselves.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Link: Child Participants
n=117 Participants
Participants of this group were injured children who completed a baseline questionnaire and whose parents received "Link for Injured Kids: Psychological First Aid", an in-person training in key intervention communication skills from a trained interventionist.
|
Link: Parent Participants
n=119 Participants
Participants of this group completed a baseline questionnaire and received "Link for Injured Kids: Psychological First Aid", an in-person training in key intervention communication skills from a trained interventionist.
|
Trauma Education: Child Participants
n=131 Participants
Participants of this group were injured children who completed a baseline questionnaire and whose parents received the trauma education booklet, "So you've been in an accident".
|
Trauma Education: Parent Participants
n=134 Participants
Participants of this group completed a baseline questionnaire and received the trauma education booklet, "So you've been in an accident".
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Post-traumatic Stress Symptoms (Child Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Scale) Through the First and Last Survey Administered Post-Baseline
First survey post-baseline (~6 weeks)
|
10.64 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 8.34
|
8.53 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 8.05
|
9.87 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.07
|
8.17 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 8.08
|
|
Post-traumatic Stress Symptoms (Child Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Scale) Through the First and Last Survey Administered Post-Baseline
Second survey post-baseline (~3 months)
|
8.88 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 8.63
|
7.03 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 7.94
|
8.54 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.45
|
7.25 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 8.61
|
|
Post-traumatic Stress Symptoms (Child Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Scale) Through the First and Last Survey Administered Post-Baseline
Last survey post-baseline (~6 months)
|
7.39 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 8.30
|
6.45 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 8.23
|
7.50 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 7.97
|
6.71 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 8.98
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: surveys were provided at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months post-baselinePopulation: Subjects who completed the baseline questionnaire and at least one questionnaire post-baseline were eligible for analyses. Of these, only those subjects whose data were observed or could be imputed were used in the fitting of Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMMs). Means and standard deviations were computed using observed data only.
Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) (modified), a questionnaire. Lower scores are preferable. Scores may range from 1 to 31. Responses submitted by parents are with respect to themselves. Responses submitted by children are with respect to themselves.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Link: Child Participants
n=117 Participants
Participants of this group were injured children who completed a baseline questionnaire and whose parents received "Link for Injured Kids: Psychological First Aid", an in-person training in key intervention communication skills from a trained interventionist.
|
Link: Parent Participants
n=120 Participants
Participants of this group completed a baseline questionnaire and received "Link for Injured Kids: Psychological First Aid", an in-person training in key intervention communication skills from a trained interventionist.
|
Trauma Education: Child Participants
n=131 Participants
Participants of this group were injured children who completed a baseline questionnaire and whose parents received the trauma education booklet, "So you've been in an accident".
|
Trauma Education: Parent Participants
n=135 Participants
Participants of this group completed a baseline questionnaire and received the trauma education booklet, "So you've been in an accident".
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Depressive Symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) Through the First and Last Survey Administered Post-Baseline
First survey post-baseline (~6 weeks)
|
8.21 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.74
|
8.84 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.05
|
7.91 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.68
|
8.52 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.44
|
|
Depressive Symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) Through the First and Last Survey Administered Post-Baseline
Second survey post-baseline (~3 months)
|
6.90 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.64
|
7.92 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.03
|
7.16 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.35
|
7.36 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.68
|
|
Depressive Symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) Through the First and Last Survey Administered Post-Baseline
Last survey post-baseline (~6 months)
|
7.07 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.53
|
8.04 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.40
|
6.41 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.16
|
7.76 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.64
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: surveys were provided at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months post-baselinePopulation: Subjects who completed the baseline questionnaire and at least one questionnaire post-baseline were eligible for analyses. Of these, only those subjects whose data were observed or could be imputed were used in the fitting of Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMMs). Means and standard deviations were computed using observed data only.
Quality of Life, a questionnaire (modified). Lower scores are preferable. Scores may range from 1 to 101. Responses submitted by parents are with respect to their children. Responses submitted by children are with respect to themselves.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Link: Child Participants
n=117 Participants
Participants of this group were injured children who completed a baseline questionnaire and whose parents received "Link for Injured Kids: Psychological First Aid", an in-person training in key intervention communication skills from a trained interventionist.
|
Link: Parent Participants
n=119 Participants
Participants of this group completed a baseline questionnaire and received "Link for Injured Kids: Psychological First Aid", an in-person training in key intervention communication skills from a trained interventionist.
|
Trauma Education: Child Participants
n=131 Participants
Participants of this group were injured children who completed a baseline questionnaire and whose parents received the trauma education booklet, "So you've been in an accident".
|
Trauma Education: Parent Participants
n=134 Participants
Participants of this group completed a baseline questionnaire and received the trauma education booklet, "So you've been in an accident".
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Quality of Life (Questionnaire) Through the First and Last Survey Administered Post-Baseline
First survey post-baseline (~6 weeks)
|
29.01 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 19.99
|
34.87 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 22.64
|
27.30 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 20.44
|
32.68 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 20.22
|
|
Quality of Life (Questionnaire) Through the First and Last Survey Administered Post-Baseline
Second survey post-baseline (~3 months)
|
19.71 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 16.15
|
21.22 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 17.20
|
20.36 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 20.16
|
24.12 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 21.14
|
|
Quality of Life (Questionnaire) Through the First and Last Survey Administered Post-Baseline
Last survey post-baseline (~6 months)
|
16.67 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 15.86
|
15.18 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 14.53
|
16.23 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 15.73
|
17.66 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 18.04
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: surveys were provided at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months post-baselinePopulation: Subjects who completed the baseline questionnaire and at least one questionnaire post-baseline were eligible for analyses. Of these, only those subjects whose data were observed or could be imputed were used in the fitting of Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMMs). Means and standard deviations were computed using observed data only.
Psychological Distress Symptoms (Kessler Screening Scale for Psychological Distress (K6)) (modified). Lower scores are preferable. Scores may range from 1 to 25. Responses submitted by parents are with respect to themselves. Responses submitted by children are with respect to themselves.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Link: Child Participants
n=117 Participants
Participants of this group were injured children who completed a baseline questionnaire and whose parents received "Link for Injured Kids: Psychological First Aid", an in-person training in key intervention communication skills from a trained interventionist.
|
Link: Parent Participants
n=120 Participants
Participants of this group completed a baseline questionnaire and received "Link for Injured Kids: Psychological First Aid", an in-person training in key intervention communication skills from a trained interventionist.
|
Trauma Education: Child Participants
n=131 Participants
Participants of this group were injured children who completed a baseline questionnaire and whose parents received the trauma education booklet, "So you've been in an accident".
|
Trauma Education: Parent Participants
n=135 Participants
Participants of this group completed a baseline questionnaire and received the trauma education booklet, "So you've been in an accident".
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Psychological Distress Symptoms (Kessler Screening Scale for Psychological Distress (K6)) Through the First and Last Survey Administered Post-Baseline
First survey post-baseline (~6 weeks)
|
5.74 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.85
|
4.26 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.40
|
5.34 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.11
|
4.88 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.64
|
|
Psychological Distress Symptoms (Kessler Screening Scale for Psychological Distress (K6)) Through the First and Last Survey Administered Post-Baseline
Second survey post-baseline (~3 months)
|
4.69 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.06
|
4.05 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.24
|
4.41 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.24
|
3.91 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.65
|
|
Psychological Distress Symptoms (Kessler Screening Scale for Psychological Distress (K6)) Through the First and Last Survey Administered Post-Baseline
Last survey post-baseline (~6 months)
|
4.77 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.25
|
4.28 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.00
|
4.22 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.15
|
4.11 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.49
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: surveys were provided at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months post-baselinePopulation: Subjects who completed the baseline questionnaire and at least one questionnaire post-baseline were eligible for analyses. Of these, only those subjects whose data were observed or could be imputed were used in the fitting of Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMMs). Means and standard deviations were computed using observed data only.
Strengths and Difficulties (Questionnaire to Assess Internalizing and Externalizing Behaviors (SDQ)) (modified). Lower scores are preferable. Scores may range from 1 to 41. Responses submitted by parents are with respect to their children. Responses submitted by children are with respect to themselves.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Link: Child Participants
n=117 Participants
Participants of this group were injured children who completed a baseline questionnaire and whose parents received "Link for Injured Kids: Psychological First Aid", an in-person training in key intervention communication skills from a trained interventionist.
|
Link: Parent Participants
n=119 Participants
Participants of this group completed a baseline questionnaire and received "Link for Injured Kids: Psychological First Aid", an in-person training in key intervention communication skills from a trained interventionist.
|
Trauma Education: Child Participants
n=130 Participants
Participants of this group were injured children who completed a baseline questionnaire and whose parents received the trauma education booklet, "So you've been in an accident".
|
Trauma Education: Parent Participants
n=134 Participants
Participants of this group completed a baseline questionnaire and received the trauma education booklet, "So you've been in an accident".
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Strengths and Difficulties (Questionnaire to Assess Internalizing and Externalizing Behaviors (SDQ)) Through the First and Last Survey Administered Post-Baseline
First survey post-baseline (~6 weeks)
|
9.39 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.70
|
10.03 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.95
|
9.12 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.37
|
9.29 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.33
|
|
Strengths and Difficulties (Questionnaire to Assess Internalizing and Externalizing Behaviors (SDQ)) Through the First and Last Survey Administered Post-Baseline
Second survey post-baseline (~3 months)
|
9.24 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.92
|
8.37 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.10
|
9.21 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.72
|
9.17 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.57
|
|
Strengths and Difficulties (Questionnaire to Assess Internalizing and Externalizing Behaviors (SDQ)) Through the First and Last Survey Administered Post-Baseline
Last survey post-baseline (~6 months)
|
8.91 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.53
|
8.66 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.64
|
9.26 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.94
|
9.08 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.86
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: surveys were provided at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months post-baselinePopulation: Subjects who completed the baseline questionnaire and at least one questionnaire post-baseline were eligible for analyses. Of these, only those subjects whose data were observed or could be imputed were used in the fitting of Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMMs). Means and standard deviations were computed using observed data only.
Emotional Symptoms (SDQ Subscale) (modified). Lower scores are preferable. Scores may range from 1 to 11. Responses submitted by parents are with respect to their children. Responses submitted by children are with respect to themselves.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Link: Child Participants
n=117 Participants
Participants of this group were injured children who completed a baseline questionnaire and whose parents received "Link for Injured Kids: Psychological First Aid", an in-person training in key intervention communication skills from a trained interventionist.
|
Link: Parent Participants
n=119 Participants
Participants of this group completed a baseline questionnaire and received "Link for Injured Kids: Psychological First Aid", an in-person training in key intervention communication skills from a trained interventionist.
|
Trauma Education: Child Participants
n=130 Participants
Participants of this group were injured children who completed a baseline questionnaire and whose parents received the trauma education booklet, "So you've been in an accident".
|
Trauma Education: Parent Participants
n=134 Participants
Participants of this group completed a baseline questionnaire and received the trauma education booklet, "So you've been in an accident".
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Emotional Symptoms (SDQ Subscale) Through the First and Last Survey Administered Post-Baseline
First survey post-baseline (~6 weeks)
|
3.11 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.34
|
3.14 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.16
|
3.03 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.30
|
3.25 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.35
|
|
Emotional Symptoms (SDQ Subscale) Through the First and Last Survey Administered Post-Baseline
Second survey post-baseline (~3 months)
|
2.62 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.03
|
2.60 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.94
|
2.88 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.28
|
2.98 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.42
|
|
Emotional Symptoms (SDQ Subscale) Through the First and Last Survey Administered Post-Baseline
Last survey post-baseline (~6 months)
|
2.77 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.19
|
2.85 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.14
|
2.92 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.20
|
2.75 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.10
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: surveys were provided at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months post-baselinePopulation: Subjects who completed the baseline questionnaire and at least one questionnaire post-baseline were eligible for analyses. Of these, only those subjects whose data were observed or could be imputed were used in the fitting of Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMMs). Means and standard deviations were computed using observed data only.
Conduct Problems (SDQ Subscale) (modified). Lower scores are preferable. Scores may range from 1 to 11. Responses submitted by parents are with respect to their children. Responses submitted by children are with respect to themselves.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Link: Child Participants
n=117 Participants
Participants of this group were injured children who completed a baseline questionnaire and whose parents received "Link for Injured Kids: Psychological First Aid", an in-person training in key intervention communication skills from a trained interventionist.
|
Link: Parent Participants
n=119 Participants
Participants of this group completed a baseline questionnaire and received "Link for Injured Kids: Psychological First Aid", an in-person training in key intervention communication skills from a trained interventionist.
|
Trauma Education: Child Participants
n=130 Participants
Participants of this group were injured children who completed a baseline questionnaire and whose parents received the trauma education booklet, "So you've been in an accident".
|
Trauma Education: Parent Participants
n=134 Participants
Participants of this group completed a baseline questionnaire and received the trauma education booklet, "So you've been in an accident".
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Conduct Problems (SDQ Subscale) Through the First and Last Survey Administered Post-Baseline
First survey post-baseline (~6 weeks)
|
2.91 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.64
|
2.79 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.80
|
2.55 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.69
|
2.32 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.64
|
|
Conduct Problems (SDQ Subscale) Through the First and Last Survey Administered Post-Baseline
Second survey post-baseline (~3 months)
|
2.80 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.59
|
2.42 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.60
|
2.64 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.81
|
2.26 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.59
|
|
Conduct Problems (SDQ Subscale) Through the First and Last Survey Administered Post-Baseline
Last survey post-baseline (~6 months)
|
2.62 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.77
|
2.43 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.78
|
2.57 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.77
|
2.38 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.76
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: surveys were provided at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months post-baselinePopulation: Subjects who completed the baseline questionnaire and at least one questionnaire post-baseline were eligible for analyses. Of these, only those subjects whose data were observed or could be imputed were used in the fitting of Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMMs). Means and standard deviations were computed using observed data only.
Hyperactivity (SDQ Subscale) (modified). Lower scores are preferable. Scores may range from 1 to 11. Responses submitted by parents are with respect to their children. Responses submitted by children are with respect to themselves.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Link: Child Participants
n=117 Participants
Participants of this group were injured children who completed a baseline questionnaire and whose parents received "Link for Injured Kids: Psychological First Aid", an in-person training in key intervention communication skills from a trained interventionist.
|
Link: Parent Participants
n=119 Participants
Participants of this group completed a baseline questionnaire and received "Link for Injured Kids: Psychological First Aid", an in-person training in key intervention communication skills from a trained interventionist.
|
Trauma Education: Child Participants
n=130 Participants
Participants of this group were injured children who completed a baseline questionnaire and whose parents received the trauma education booklet, "So you've been in an accident".
|
Trauma Education: Parent Participants
n=134 Participants
Participants of this group completed a baseline questionnaire and received the trauma education booklet, "So you've been in an accident".
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Hyperactivity (SDQ Subscale) Through the First and Last Survey Administered Post-Baseline
First survey post-baseline (~6 weeks)
|
3.98 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.15
|
4.44 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.22
|
3.99 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.38
|
4.27 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.41
|
|
Hyperactivity (SDQ Subscale) Through the First and Last Survey Administered Post-Baseline
Second survey post-baseline (~3 months)
|
4.30 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.21
|
4.04 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.55
|
3.92 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.37
|
4.17 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.54
|
|
Hyperactivity (SDQ Subscale) Through the First and Last Survey Administered Post-Baseline
Last survey post-baseline (~6 months)
|
4.18 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.70
|
3.95 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.70
|
3.92 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.44
|
4.15 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.82
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: surveys were provided at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months post-baselinePopulation: Subjects who completed the baseline questionnaire and at least one questionnaire post-baseline were eligible for analyses. Of these, only those subjects whose data were observed or could be imputed were used in the fitting of Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMMs). Means and standard deviations were computed using observed data only.
Peer Problems (SDQ Subscale) (modified). Lower scores are preferable. Scores may range from 1 to 11. Responses submitted by parents are with respect to their children. Responses submitted by children are with respect to themselves.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Link: Child Participants
n=117 Participants
Participants of this group were injured children who completed a baseline questionnaire and whose parents received "Link for Injured Kids: Psychological First Aid", an in-person training in key intervention communication skills from a trained interventionist.
|
Link: Parent Participants
n=119 Participants
Participants of this group completed a baseline questionnaire and received "Link for Injured Kids: Psychological First Aid", an in-person training in key intervention communication skills from a trained interventionist.
|
Trauma Education: Child Participants
n=130 Participants
Participants of this group were injured children who completed a baseline questionnaire and whose parents received the trauma education booklet, "So you've been in an accident".
|
Trauma Education: Parent Participants
n=134 Participants
Participants of this group completed a baseline questionnaire and received the trauma education booklet, "So you've been in an accident".
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Peer Relationship Problems (SDQ Subscale) Through the First and Last Survey Administered Post-Baseline
First survey post-baseline (~6 weeks)
|
2.66 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.55
|
2.58 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.80
|
2.74 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.70
|
2.46 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.52
|
|
Peer Relationship Problems (SDQ Subscale) Through the First and Last Survey Administered Post-Baseline
Second survey post-baseline (~3 months)
|
2.65 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.73
|
2.44 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.77
|
3.07 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.04
|
2.67 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.76
|
|
Peer Relationship Problems (SDQ Subscale) Through the First and Last Survey Administered Post-Baseline
Last survey post-baseline (~6 months)
|
2.54 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.62
|
2.57 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.71
|
3.09 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.95
|
2.76 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.78
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: surveys were provided at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months post-baselinePopulation: Subjects who completed the baseline questionnaire and at least one questionnaire post-baseline were eligible for analyses. Of these, only those subjects whose data were observed or could be imputed were used in the fitting of Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMMs). Means and standard deviations were computed using observed data only.
Prosocial Behavior (SDQ Subscale) (modified). Lower scores are preferable. Scores may range from 1 to 11. Responses submitted by parents are with respect to their children. Responses submitted by children are with respect to themselves.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Link: Child Participants
n=117 Participants
Participants of this group were injured children who completed a baseline questionnaire and whose parents received "Link for Injured Kids: Psychological First Aid", an in-person training in key intervention communication skills from a trained interventionist.
|
Link: Parent Participants
n=119 Participants
Participants of this group completed a baseline questionnaire and received "Link for Injured Kids: Psychological First Aid", an in-person training in key intervention communication skills from a trained interventionist.
|
Trauma Education: Child Participants
n=130 Participants
Participants of this group were injured children who completed a baseline questionnaire and whose parents received the trauma education booklet, "So you've been in an accident".
|
Trauma Education: Parent Participants
n=134 Participants
Participants of this group completed a baseline questionnaire and received the trauma education booklet, "So you've been in an accident".
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Prosocial Behavior (SDQ Subscale) Through the First and Last Survey Administered Post-Baseline
First survey post-baseline (~6 weeks)
|
3.78 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.31
|
3.34 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.25
|
3.15 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.95
|
3.08 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.99
|
|
Prosocial Behavior (SDQ Subscale) Through the First and Last Survey Administered Post-Baseline
Second survey post-baseline (~3 months)
|
3.58 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.44
|
3.04 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.02
|
3.10 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.78
|
2.69 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.01
|
|
Prosocial Behavior (SDQ Subscale) Through the First and Last Survey Administered Post-Baseline
Last survey post-baseline (~6 months)
|
3.19 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.13
|
3.04 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.28
|
3.00 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.13
|
3.04 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.35
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: surveys were provided at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months post-baselinePopulation: Subjects who completed the baseline questionnaire and at least one questionnaire post-baseline were eligible for analyses. Only those parents who submitted responses to implementation-related questions were included in these analyses.
Implementation was measured on a scale ranging from 0 to 2, where a score of 0 is indicative of no implementation, a score of 1 indicative of partial implementation, and 2 of full implementation. For the trauma education group, a score of 0 was assigned if the subject never read the provided materials, a score of 1 was assigned if participants read but did not use the provided materials, and a score of 2 was assigned if the participant read and used the material at least once. For the link group, a score of 0 was assigned if the subject did not use any of the skills associated with the intervention, a score of 1 was assigned if at least one but not all three skills were used, and a score of 2 was assigned if all skills were used.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Link: Child Participants
Participants of this group were injured children who completed a baseline questionnaire and whose parents received "Link for Injured Kids: Psychological First Aid", an in-person training in key intervention communication skills from a trained interventionist.
|
Link: Parent Participants
n=118 Participants
Participants of this group completed a baseline questionnaire and received "Link for Injured Kids: Psychological First Aid", an in-person training in key intervention communication skills from a trained interventionist.
|
Trauma Education: Child Participants
Participants of this group were injured children who completed a baseline questionnaire and whose parents received the trauma education booklet, "So you've been in an accident".
|
Trauma Education: Parent Participants
n=132 Participants
Participants of this group completed a baseline questionnaire and received the trauma education booklet, "So you've been in an accident".
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Implementation Through the First and Last Survey Administered Post-Baseline
First survey post-baseline (~6 weeks)
|
—
|
1.10 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.64
|
—
|
1.46 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.73
|
|
Implementation Through the First and Last Survey Administered Post-Baseline
Second survey post-baseline (~3 months)
|
—
|
1.03 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.64
|
—
|
1.22 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.78
|
|
Implementation Through the First and Last Survey Administered Post-Baseline
Last survey post-baseline (~6 months)
|
—
|
0.90 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.67
|
—
|
1.16 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.77
|
Adverse Events
Link: Child Participants
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Link: Parent Participants
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Trauma Education: Child Participants
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Trauma Education: Parent Participants
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Serious adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Other adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Additional Information
Dr. Marizen R Ramirez
University of Iowa/ University of Minnesota
Phone: 612-624-3143
Email: [email protected]
Results disclosure agreements
- Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
- Publication restrictions are in place