Stress Urinary Incontinence Physiotherapy

NCT ID: NCT02318251

Last Updated: 2018-02-08

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

UNKNOWN

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

96 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2015-01-31

Study Completion Date

2019-07-31

Brief Summary

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The purpose of the present study is to compare two different physiotherapy programs regarding their effect on stress urinary incontinence.

Detailed Description

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Stress urinary incontinence (SUI), the most prevalent type of urinary incontinence, is defined as involuntary loss of urine during effort, or physical exertion (e.g. sporting activities), or upon sneezing, or coughing (Haylen et al, 2010). The overall prevalence of stress, urge, mixed, and any UI was 23.7%, 9.9%, 14.5%, and 49.2%, respectively (Minassian et al, 2008).

Numerous epidemiologic studies show that parity is a risk factor for SUI. Other significant risk factors are age, weight, obesity, chronic pulmonary diseases, ethnic background, and menopause. (Minassian et al, 2008; Matthews et al, 2013) Urinary incontinence affects four times more women (51.1%) than men (13.9%) (Markland et al, 2011). It has an impact on the physical, psychosocial, social, personal, and economic well-being of the affected individuals and of their families. It is associated with a concomitant impairment of activities and participation, and a higher risk of suffering from anxiety disorders has been shown. (Goldstick \& Constantini, 2014; Hunskaar et al, 2003).

SUI is increasingly recognized as a health and economic problem, which not only troubles the affected women, but also implies a substantial economic burden on the health and social services (Hampel et al, 2004).

Consequently, as physiotherapy has proven to be good value for the money, its effectiveness could contribute to a reduction in the cost of health care.

Pelvic floor muscles (PFM) have to be able to contract strongly (Shishido et al, 2008), rapidly and reflexively (Deffieux et al; 2008; Morin et al, 2004) to guarantee continence. The ability of PFM to generate rapid and strong contractions results in the generation of an adequate squeeze pressure in the proximal urethra, which maintains a pressure higher than that in the bladder, thus preventing leakage (Miller et al, 1994). Rapid and reflexive PFM contractions are crucial for maintaining continence, preceding an abrupt rise in the intra-abdominal pressure associated with coughing, sneezing, running, or jumping (Morin et al., 2004). Studies have shown that the PFM function regarding power (rate of force development) was impaired in incontinent women compared to continent women (Deffieux et al, 2008; Morin et al, 2004).

PFM training - defined as a program of repeated voluntary PFM contractions taught and supervised by a health care professional - is the most commonly used physiotherapy treatment for women with SUI and is effective in the treatment of female stress and mixed urinary incontinence and, therefore, is recommended as a first-line therapy (Dumoulin et al, 2014; Bø, 2012). As recommended by the International Consultation on Incontinence (ICI) PFM training should generally be the first step of treatment before surgery (Abrams et al, 2010). However, standard SUI physiotherapy concentrates on voluntary contractions even though the situations provoking SUI such as sneezing, coughing, jumping and running (Haylen et al, 2010) require involuntary fast reflexive pelvic floor muscle contractions. Although training procedures following the concepts of training science and sports medicine are generally well known and widely implemented in rehabilitation and sports (ACSM, 2009; Schmidtbleicher \& Gollhofer, 1991), the optimal, and well standardized training protocol for involuntary, fast, and reflexive PFM contractions still remains unknown.

Consequently, the research group developed a standardized therapy program, which includes the standard therapy and additionally focuses on involuntary fast reflexive PFM contractions. The additional exercises are well known and applied in physiotherapy, however not yet regarding SUI.

Therefore, the aim of the present study is to compare two different physiotherapy programs for women suffering from SUI. Both programs include standard physiotherapy. Both follow the concepts of training science (periodization/ exercise sequence and training of specific muscle strength components). One program focuses on voluntary fast contractions (standard physiotherapy; control group), the other one focuses on involuntary fast reflexive PFM contractions (experimental group).

Conditions

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Urinary Incontinence, Stress

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

TRIPLE

Participants Investigators Outcome Assessors

Study Groups

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Involuntary muscle contractions

Standard physiotherapy program (focus on involuntary reflexive pelvic floor muscle contractions)

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Involuntary muscle contractions

Intervention Type OTHER

Physiotherapy program focusing on involuntary pelvic floor muscle fast contractions: 9 individual physiotherapies taking place within 16 weeks. During these 16 weeks the participants will perform a home program 3x/week (3x/day) during week 1-5 and 3x/week (1x/day) in week 6-16. In the following 6 months they will perform the home program 3x/week (1x/day). This program includes the standard physiotherapy.

Voluntary muscle contractions

Physiotherapy program (focus on voluntary pelvic floor muscle contractions)

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Voluntary muscle contractions

Intervention Type OTHER

Physiotherapy program (physiotherapy standard program) focusing on voluntary fast contractions: 9 individual physiotherapies taking place within 16 weeks. During these 16 weeks the participants will perform a home program 3x/week (3x/day) during week 1-5 and 3x/week (1x/day) in week 6-16. In the following 6 months they will perform the home program 3x/week (1x/day).

Interventions

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Involuntary muscle contractions

Physiotherapy program focusing on involuntary pelvic floor muscle fast contractions: 9 individual physiotherapies taking place within 16 weeks. During these 16 weeks the participants will perform a home program 3x/week (3x/day) during week 1-5 and 3x/week (1x/day) in week 6-16. In the following 6 months they will perform the home program 3x/week (1x/day). This program includes the standard physiotherapy.

Intervention Type OTHER

Voluntary muscle contractions

Physiotherapy program (physiotherapy standard program) focusing on voluntary fast contractions: 9 individual physiotherapies taking place within 16 weeks. During these 16 weeks the participants will perform a home program 3x/week (3x/day) during week 1-5 and 3x/week (1x/day) in week 6-16. In the following 6 months they will perform the home program 3x/week (1x/day).

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Informed Consent as documented by signature
* Stress urinary incontinence (based on the patient's history)
* Mixed incontinence (with dominant SUI)
* 1 year post-partal, parous, nulliparous, pre- or post-menopausal
* BMI 18-30
* Participants must be medically and physically fit for the exercises (running, jumps)
* Stable on systemic or local estrogen treatment for the past 3 months prior to inclusion

Exclusion Criteria

* Urge incontinence or predominant urgency in incontinence
* Prolapse \> grade 1 POP-Q (Bump et al., 1996) (uterus, cystocele, rectocele during Valsalva maneuver)
* Pregnancy (test to accomplish)
* Current urinary tract or vaginal infection
* Menstruation on the day of examination
* Lactation period not yet finished
* Contraindications for measurements, e.g. acute inflammatory or infectious disease, tumor, fracture
* De novo systemic or local estrogen treatment (\< 3 months)
* De novo drug treatment with anticholinergics or other bladder active substances (tricyclic antidepressants, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor etc.)
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

70 Years

Eligible Sex

FEMALE

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Insel Gruppe AG, University Hospital Bern

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Bern University of Applied Sciences

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Lorenz Radlinger

Prof. Dr. Lorenz Radlinger

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Lorenz Radlinger, Prof. Dr.

Role: STUDY_DIRECTOR

Bern University of Applied Sciences

Kuhn Annette, PD Dr. med.

Role: STUDY_DIRECTOR

Insel Gruppe AG, University Hospital Bern

Locations

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University Hospital, Inselspital, Bern

Bern, , Switzerland

Site Status

Countries

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Switzerland

References

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Haylen BT, de Ridder D, Freeman RM, Swift SE, Berghmans B, Lee J, Monga A, Petri E, Rizk DE, Sand PK, Schaer GN; International Urogynecological Association; International Continence Society. An International Urogynecological Association (IUGA)/International Continence Society (ICS) joint report on the terminology for female pelvic floor dysfunction. Neurourol Urodyn. 2010;29(1):4-20. doi: 10.1002/nau.20798.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 19941278 (View on PubMed)

Minassian VA, Stewart WF, Wood GC. Urinary incontinence in women: variation in prevalence estimates and risk factors. Obstet Gynecol. 2008 Feb;111(2 Pt 1):324-31. doi: 10.1097/01.AOG.0000267220.48987.17.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 18238969 (View on PubMed)

Matthews CA, Whitehead WE, Townsend MK, Grodstein F. Risk factors for urinary, fecal, or dual incontinence in the Nurses' Health Study. Obstet Gynecol. 2013 Sep;122(3):539-45. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e31829efbff.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 23921863 (View on PubMed)

Markland AD, Richter HE, Fwu CW, Eggers P, Kusek JW. Prevalence and trends of urinary incontinence in adults in the United States, 2001 to 2008. J Urol. 2011 Aug;186(2):589-93. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2011.03.114.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 21684555 (View on PubMed)

Goldstick O, Constantini N. Urinary incontinence in physically active women and female athletes. Br J Sports Med. 2014 Feb;48(4):296-8. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2012-091880. Epub 2013 May 18.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 23687004 (View on PubMed)

Hunskaar S, Burgio K, Diokno A, Herzog AR, Hjalmas K, Lapitan MC. Epidemiology and natural history of urinary incontinence in women. Urology. 2003 Oct;62(4 Suppl 1):16-23. doi: 10.1016/s0090-4295(03)00755-6.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 14550833 (View on PubMed)

Hampel C, Artibani W, Espuna Pons M, Haab F, Jackson S, Romero J, Gavart S, Papanicolaou S. Understanding the burden of stress urinary incontinence in Europe: a qualitative review of the literature. Eur Urol. 2004 Jul;46(1):15-27. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2004.02.003.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 15183544 (View on PubMed)

Shishido K, Peng Q, Jones R, Omata S, Constantinou CE. Influence of pelvic floor muscle contraction on the profile of vaginal closure pressure in continent and stress urinary incontinent women. J Urol. 2008 May;179(5):1917-22. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2008.01.020. Epub 2008 Mar 18.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 18353401 (View on PubMed)

Deffieux X, Hubeaux K, Porcher R, Ismael SS, Raibaut P, Amarenco G. Abnormal pelvic response to cough in women with stress urinary incontinence. Neurourol Urodyn. 2008;27(4):291-6. doi: 10.1002/nau.20506.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 17803192 (View on PubMed)

Morin M, Bourbonnais D, Gravel D, Dumoulin C, Lemieux MC. Pelvic floor muscle function in continent and stress urinary incontinent women using dynamometric measurements. Neurourol Urodyn. 2004;23(7):668-74. doi: 10.1002/nau.20069.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 15382183 (View on PubMed)

Miller J, Kasper C, Sampselle C. Review of muscle physiology with application to pelvic muscle exercise. Urol Nurs. 1994 Sep;14(3):92-7. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 7732424 (View on PubMed)

Dumoulin C, Hay-Smith EJ, Mac Habee-Seguin G. Pelvic floor muscle training versus no treatment, or inactive control treatments, for urinary incontinence in women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 May 14;(5):CD005654. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005654.pub3.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 24823491 (View on PubMed)

Bo K. Pelvic floor muscle training in treatment of female stress urinary incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse and sexual dysfunction. World J Urol. 2012 Aug;30(4):437-43. doi: 10.1007/s00345-011-0779-8. Epub 2011 Oct 9.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 21984473 (View on PubMed)

Abrams P, Avery K, Gardener N, Donovan J; ICIQ Advisory Board. The International Consultation on Incontinence Modular Questionnaire: www.iciq.net. J Urol. 2006 Mar;175(3 Pt 1):1063-6; discussion 1066. doi: 10.1016/S0022-5347(05)00348-4.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 16469618 (View on PubMed)

American College of Sports Medicine. American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Progression models in resistance training for healthy adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009 Mar;41(3):687-708. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181915670.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 19204579 (View on PubMed)

Schmidtbleicher D, Gollhofer A. [Specific methods of strength training also in rehabilitation]. Sportverletz Sportschaden. 1991 Sep;5(3):135-41. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-993577. German.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 1759194 (View on PubMed)

Hay-Smith EJC, Starzec-Proserpio M, Moller B, Aldabe D, Cacciari L, Pitangui ACR, Vesentini G, Woodley SJ, Dumoulin C, Frawley HC, Jorge CH, Morin M, Wallace SA, Weatherall M. Comparisons of approaches to pelvic floor muscle training for urinary incontinence in women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2024 Dec 20;12(12):CD009508. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009508.pub2.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 39704322 (View on PubMed)

Luginbuehl H, Lehmann C, Baeyens JP, Kuhn A, Radlinger L. Involuntary reflexive pelvic floor muscle training in addition to standard training versus standard training alone for women with stress urinary incontinence: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2015 Nov 17;16:524. doi: 10.1186/s13063-015-1051-0.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 26573847 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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SUIP

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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