Reducing Perinatal Anal Incontinence Through Early Pelvic Floor Muscle Training: a Prospective Pilot Study
NCT ID: NCT02270008
Last Updated: 2016-01-29
Study Results
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
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COMPLETED
NA
15 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2014-10-31
2015-06-30
Brief Summary
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Multiple studies have explored the effects of PFMT on urinary incontinence, and the general consensus shows a positive benefit, with a 50% incidence reduction. This study will serve as an initial test to explore whether such a positive relationship holds for anal incontinence throughout pregnancy and postpartum period for a diverse population. The format will be a prospective feasibility trial comprised of a one-time intensive in-person pelvic floor muscle training course at the first prenatal visit with at home instructions for continued exercise. This group will be compared to a control group which receives a hand-out regarding PFMT but no personalized instruction. The progress of the participants and their symptoms of incontinence will be monitored during pregnancy and at the postpartum visit using standardized validated pelvic floor questionnaires, based on previously designed surveys. A sample size of 100 parous women ages 20-35 year old will be randomized to an intervention and "control or standard therapy" group. The investigators' hypothesis is that the intervention group will show a 50% risk reduction, similar to the urinary incontinence studies. The results of this study will then allow us to design a broader intervention study for which to study the effects of PFMT and anal incontinence during pregnancy and the postpartum period.
Detailed Description
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Conditions
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Keywords
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
PARALLEL
PREVENTION
NONE
Study Groups
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Pelvic floor training
The intervention group will undergo an in-person standardized training session by a trained nurse practitioner. The intervention is the pelvic floor training session. They will then be asked to continue muscle training at home at regular intervals and asked to log their exercises on a standardized exercise diary that is provided to them.
Pelvic floor training
Baseline muscle strength will be measured with the modified Oxford scale. The intervention group will undergo an in-person standardized pelvic strength training session by a trained nurse practitioner.
Literature-only group
The literature-only group will receive a pamphlet with instructions for pelvic floor muscle exercises; however, no in-person training will be administered.
No interventions assigned to this group
Interventions
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Pelvic floor training
Baseline muscle strength will be measured with the modified Oxford scale. The intervention group will undergo an in-person standardized pelvic strength training session by a trained nurse practitioner.
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* ages 20-40year old
* a new Ob visit prior to 20 weeks gestation
* confirmed singleton live intrauterine pregnancy
Exclusion Criteria
* history of surgery or procedures for urinary or anal incontinence or pelvic organ prolapse
* tobacco use
* diabetes mellitus
* history of sexual trauma
* chronic cough
* chronic constipation based on Rome criteria
* known connective tissue disorder
20 Years
40 Years
FEMALE
Yes
Sponsors
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Emory University
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Deborah Karp
Assistant Professor
Principal Investigators
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Deborah Karp, MD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Emory University
Locations
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Emory University Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic
Atlanta, Georgia, United States
Countries
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References
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Bo K, A H Haakstad L, Voldner N. Do pregnant women exercise their pelvic floor muscles? Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2007 Jul;18(7):733-6. doi: 10.1007/s00192-006-0235-2. Epub 2006 Nov 21.
Brown SJ, Donath S, MacArthur C, McDonald EA, Krastev AH. Urinary incontinence in nulliparous women before and during pregnancy: prevalence, incidence, and associated risk factors. Int Urogynecol J. 2010 Feb;21(2):193-202. doi: 10.1007/s00192-009-1011-x. Epub 2009 Oct 16.
Eason E, Labrecque M, Marcoux S, Mondor M. Anal incontinence after childbirth. CMAJ. 2002 Feb 5;166(3):326-30.
Fine P, Burgio K, Borello-France D, Richter H, Whitehead W, Weber A, Brown M; Pelvic Floor Disorders Network. Teaching and practicing of pelvic floor muscle exercises in primiparous women during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2007 Jul;197(1):107.e1-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2007.02.052.
Fynes MM, Marshall K, Cassidy M, Behan M, Walsh D, O'Connell PR, O'Herlihy C. A prospective, randomized study comparing the effect of augmented biofeedback with sensory biofeedback alone on fecal incontinence after obstetric trauma. Dis Colon Rectum. 1999 Jun;42(6):753-8; discussion 758-61. doi: 10.1007/BF02236930.
Glazener CM, Herbison GP, MacArthur C, Grant A, Wilson PD. Randomised controlled trial of conservative management of postnatal urinary and faecal incontinence: six year follow up. BMJ. 2005 Feb 12;330(7487):337. doi: 10.1136/bmj.38320.613461.82. Epub 2004 Dec 22.
Glazener CM, Herbison GP, Wilson PD, MacArthur C, Lang GD, Gee H, Grant AM. Conservative management of persistent postnatal urinary and faecal incontinence: randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2001 Sep 15;323(7313):593-6. doi: 10.1136/bmj.323.7313.593.
Hay-Smith J, Morkved S, Fairbrother KA, Herbison GP. Pelvic floor muscle training for prevention and treatment of urinary and faecal incontinence in antenatal and postnatal women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008 Oct 8;(4):CD007471. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007471.
MacArthur C, Wilson D, Herbison P, Lancashire RJ, Hagen S, Toozs-Hobson P, Dean N, Glazener C; ProLong study group. Faecal incontinence persisting after childbirth: a 12 year longitudinal study. BJOG. 2013 Jan;120(2):169-179. doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.12039. Epub 2012 Nov 27.
Morkved S, Bo K, Schei B, Salvesen KA. Pelvic floor muscle training during pregnancy to prevent urinary incontinence: a single-blind randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol. 2003 Feb;101(2):313-9. doi: 10.1016/s0029-7844(02)02711-4.
Pollack J, Nordenstam J, Brismar S, Lopez A, Altman D, Zetterstrom J. Anal incontinence after vaginal delivery: a five-year prospective cohort study. Obstet Gynecol. 2004 Dec;104(6):1397-402. doi: 10.1097/01.AOG.0000147597.45349.e8.
Reilly ET, Freeman RM, Waterfield MR, Waterfield AE, Steggles P, Pedlar F. Prevention of postpartum stress incontinence in primigravidae with increased bladder neck mobility: a randomised controlled trial of antenatal pelvic floor exercises. BJOG. 2002 Jan;109(1):68-76. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2002.t01-1-01116.x.
Rortveit G, Daltveit AK, Hannestad YS, Hunskaar S; Norwegian EPINCONT Study. Urinary incontinence after vaginal delivery or cesarean section. N Engl J Med. 2003 Mar 6;348(10):900-7. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa021788.
Signorello LB, Harlow BL, Chekos AK, Repke JT. Midline episiotomy and anal incontinence: retrospective cohort study. BMJ. 2000 Jan 8;320(7227):86-90. doi: 10.1136/bmj.320.7227.86.
Stafne SN, Salvesen KA, Romundstad PR, Torjusen IH, Morkved S. Does regular exercise including pelvic floor muscle training prevent urinary and anal incontinence during pregnancy? A randomised controlled trial. BJOG. 2012 Sep;119(10):1270-80. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2012.03426.x. Epub 2012 Jul 17.
Wesnes SL, Rortveit G, Bo K, Hunskaar S. Urinary incontinence during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2007 Apr;109(4):922-8. doi: 10.1097/01.AOG.0000257120.23260.00.
Whitford HM, Jones M. An exploration of the motivation of pregnant women to perform pelvic floor exercises using the revised theory of planned behaviour. Br J Health Psychol. 2011 Nov;16(4):761-78. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8287.2010.02013.x. Epub 2011 Jan 13.
Woodley SJ, Lawrenson P, Boyle R, Cody JD, Morkved S, Kernohan A, Hay-Smith EJC. Pelvic floor muscle training for preventing and treating urinary and faecal incontinence in antenatal and postnatal women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 May 6;5(5):CD007471. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007471.pub4.
Other Identifiers
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IRB00065572
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id