Reducing the Burden of Malaria in HIV-uninfected Pregnant Women and Infants

NCT ID: NCT02163447

Last Updated: 2024-12-18

Study Results

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Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

PHASE3

Total Enrollment

300 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2014-06-23

Study Completion Date

2018-05-14

Brief Summary

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This will be a double-blinded randomized controlled phase III trial of 300 HIV uninfected pregnant women and the children born to them. The study interventions will be divided into two phases. In the first phase, HIV uninfected women at 12-20 weeks gestation will be randomized in equal proportions to one of three intermittent preventive therapy in pregnancy (IPTp) treatment arms: 1) 3 doses of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP), 2) 3 doses of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP), or 3) monthly DP. All three interventions arms will have either SP or DP placebo to ensure adequate blinding is achieved. Follow-up for the pregnant women will end approximately 6 weeks after giving birth. In the second phase of the study, all children born to mothers enrolled in the study will be followed from birth until they reach 36 months of age. Children born to mothers randomized to receive 3 doses of SP during pregnancy will receive DP every 3 months between 2-24 months of age. Children born to mothers randomized to receive 3 doses of DP or monthly DP during pregnancy will receive either DP every 3 months or monthly DP between 2-24 months of age. To ensure adequate blinding, children who will receive DP every 3 months will be given DP placebo during the months they will not be taking DP. Children will then be followed an additional year between 24-36 months of age following the interventions. We will test the hypothesis that IPT with DP will significantly reduce the burden of malaria in pregnancy and infancy and improve the development of naturally acquired antimalarial immunity.

Detailed Description

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Pregnant women will be scheduled to be seen in the clinic every 4 weeks during their pregnancy and 6 weeks following delivery. In addition, pregnant women will be instructed to come to the study clinic for all their medical care and avoid the use of any outside medications. Children will be scheduled to be seen in the clinic every 4 weeks and parents /guardians of children will be instructed to bring their child to the study clinic for all medical care and avoid the use of any outside medications. The study clinic will remain open 7 days a week from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m.

Each time a study participant is seen in the clinic a standardized history and physical exam will be performed. Patients who are febrile (tympanic temperature \> 3 8.0˚C) or report history of fever in the past 24 hours will have blood obtained by finger prick for a thick blood smear. If the thick blood smear is positive, the patient will be diagnosed with malaria. If the thick blood smear is negative, the patient will be managed by study physicians for a non-malarial febrile illness. If the patient is afebrile and does not report a recent fever, a thick blood smear will not be obtained, except when following routine testing schedules.

Routine assessments will be done in the clinic every 4 weeks for both pregnant women and children. Pregnant women and children will receive standards of care as designated in the Uganda MOH guidelines. Routine care in children will use Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) guidelines. During routine assessments subjects will be asked about visits to outside health facilities and the use of any medications outside the study protocol. Standardized assessment of adherence will also be done for study drugs administered at home and Insecticide Treated Net use. A routine history and physical exam will be performed using a standardized clinical assessment form. Blood will be collected by finger prick for thick smear, collection of plasma for PK studies, and filter paper samples. Phlebotomy for routine laboratory tests (CBC and ALT) to monitor for potential adverse events from study medications and for immunology studies will be performed every 8 weeks in pregnant women and every 16 weeks in children. Non malaria screening will also include stool ova and parasite examination, circulating filarial antigens (by ICT card for Wucheria), and blood smear for microfilaremia (including Mansonella perstans) using Knott's technique. For pregnant women and children 2-24 months of age, study drugs will be administered at the time of each routine visit.

Conditions

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Malaria

Keywords

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Chemoprevention Malaria Uganda Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

PREVENTION

Blinding Strategy

QUADRUPLE

Participants Caregivers Investigators Outcome Assessors

Study Groups

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3 dose SP pregnancy / 3 monthly DP infancy

Women will be given SP (3 full strength tabs, 500 mg/25 mg) 3 times during pregnancy at 20, 28, and 36 weeks gestational age. In addition, placebos will be used to mimic the identical dosing strategy such that every 4 weeks women will receive two pills on day 1 (SP and placebo, DP and placebo, or two placebos) followed by one pill on days 2 and 3 (DP or placebo). Two placebos will be used, one that mimics the appearance of SP and one that mimics the appearance of DP.

Infants will be given DP (once a day for 3 consecutive days using weight-based guidelines) every 12 weeks between 8 and 104 weeks of age. Infants randomized to receive DP every 12 weeks will receive placebo mimicking the dosing of DP every 4 weeks when they are not receiving study drug.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

3 dose sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) for adult women during pregnancy

Intervention Type DRUG

3-monthly dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) for infants

Intervention Type DRUG

3 dose DP pregnancy / 3 monthly DP infancy

Women will be given DP (3 full strength tabs, 40 mg/320 mg, given once a day for 3 consecutive days) 3 times during pregnancy at 20, 28, and 36 weeks gestational age. In addition, placebos will be used to mimic the identical dosing strategy such that every 4 weeks women will receive two pills on day 1 (SP and placebo, DP and placebo, or two placebos) followed by one pill on days 2 and 3 (DP or placebo). Two placebos will be used, one that mimics the appearance of SP and one that mimics the appearance of DP.

Infants will be given DP (once a day for 3 consecutive days using weight-based guidelines) every 12 weeks between 8 and 104 weeks of age. Infants randomized to receive DP every 12 weeks will receive placebo mimicking the dosing of DP every 4 weeks when they are not receiving study drug.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

3 dose dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) for adult women during pregnancy

Intervention Type DRUG

3-monthly dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) for infants

Intervention Type DRUG

3 dose DP pregnancy / monthly DP infancy

Women will be given DP (3 full strength tabs, 40 mg/320 mg, given once a day for 3 consecutive days) 3 times during pregnancy at 20, 28, and 36 weeks gestational age. In addition, placebos will be used to mimic the identical dosing strategy such that every 4 weeks women will receive two pills on day 1 (SP and placebo, DP and placebo, or two placebos) followed by one pill on days 2 and 3 (DP or placebo). Two placebos will be used, one that mimics the appearance of SP and one that mimics the appearance of DP.

Infants will be given DP (once a day for 3 consecutive days using weight-based guidelines) every 4 weeks between 8 and 104 weeks of age.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

3 dose dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) for adult women during pregnancy

Intervention Type DRUG

Monthly dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) for infants

Intervention Type DRUG

monthly DP pregnancy / 3 monthly DP infancy

Women will be given DP (3 full strength tabs, 40 mg/320 mg, given once a day for 3 consecutive days) every 4 weeks during pregnancy. In addition, placebos will be used to mimic the identical dosing strategy such that every 4 weeks women will receive two pills on day 1 (SP and placebo, DP and placebo, or two placebos) followed by one pill on days 2 and 3 (DP or placebo). Two placebos will be used, one that mimics the appearance of SP and one that mimics the appearance of DP.

Infants will be given DP (once a day for 3 consecutive days) every 12 weeks between 8 and 104 weeks of age. Infants randomized to receive DP every 12 weeks will receive placebo mimicking the dosing of DP every 4 weeks when they are not receiving study drug.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Monthly dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) for adult women during pregnancy

Intervention Type DRUG

3-monthly dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) for infants

Intervention Type DRUG

monthly DP pregnancy / monthly DP infancy

Women will be given DP (3 full strength tabs, 40 mg/320 mg, given once a day for 3 consecutive days) every 4 weeks during pregnancy. In addition, placebos will be used to mimic the identical dosing strategy such that every 4 weeks women will receive two pills on day 1 (SP and placebo, DP and placebo, or two placebos) followed by one pill on days 2 and 3 (DP or placebo). Two placebos will be used, one that mimics the appearance of SP and one that mimics the appearance of DP.

Infants will be given DP (once a day for 3 consecutive days) every 4 weeks between 8 and 104 weeks of age.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Monthly dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) for adult women during pregnancy

Intervention Type DRUG

Monthly dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) for infants

Intervention Type DRUG

Interventions

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Monthly dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) for adult women during pregnancy

Intervention Type DRUG

3 dose dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) for adult women during pregnancy

Intervention Type DRUG

3 dose sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) for adult women during pregnancy

Intervention Type DRUG

Monthly dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) for infants

Intervention Type DRUG

3-monthly dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) for infants

Intervention Type DRUG

Other Intervention Names

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Duo-Cotexin (Holley-Cotec) Duo-Cotexin (Holley-Cotec) Kamsidar (KPI) Duo-Cotexin (Holley-Cotec) Duo-Cotexin (Holley-Cotec)

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

1. Pregnancy confirmed by positive urine pregnancy test or intrauterine pregnancy by ultrasound
2. Estimated gestational age between 12-20 weeks
3. Confirmed to be HIV uninfected by rapid test
4. 16 years of age or older
5. Residency within 30km of the study clinic
6. Provision of informed consent by the pregnant woman for herself and her unborn child
7. Agreement to come to the study clinic for any febrile episode or other illness and avoid medications given outside the study protocol
8. Plan to deliver in the hospital

Exclusion Criteria

1. History of serious adverse event to SP or DP
2. Active medical problem requiring inpatient evaluation at the time of screening
3. Intention of moving more than 30km from the study clinic
4. Chronic medical condition requiring frequent medical attention
5. Prior SP preventive therapy or any other antimalarial therapy during this pregnancy
6. Early or active labor (documented by cervical change with uterine contractions)
Minimum Eligible Age

16 Years

Eligible Sex

FEMALE

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)

NIH

Sponsor Role collaborator

Grant Dorsey, M.D, Ph.D.

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Grant Dorsey, M.D, Ph.D.

Professor

Responsibility Role SPONSOR_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Grant Dorsey, MD, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of California, San Francisco

Diane V Havlir, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of California, San Francisco

Moses Kamya, MBChB, MMed, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Makerere University; Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration

Locations

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IDRC Research Clinic -Tororo District Hospital

Tororo, , Uganda

Site Status

Countries

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Uganda

References

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Kakuru A, Jagannathan P, Muhindo MK, Natureeba P, Awori P, Nakalembe M, Opira B, Olwoch P, Ategeka J, Nayebare P, Clark TD, Feeney ME, Charlebois ED, Rizzuto G, Muehlenbachs A, Havlir DV, Kamya MR, Dorsey G. Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine for the Prevention of Malaria in Pregnancy. N Engl J Med. 2016 Mar 10;374(10):928-39. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1509150.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 26962728 (View on PubMed)

Muhindo MK, Kakuru A, Natureeba P, Awori P, Olwoch P, Ategeka J, Nayebare P, Clark TD, Muehlenbachs A, Roh M, Mpeka B, Greenhouse B, Havlir DV, Kamya MR, Dorsey G, Jagannathan P. Reductions in malaria in pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes following indoor residual spraying of insecticide in Uganda. Malar J. 2016 Aug 26;15(1):437. doi: 10.1186/s12936-016-1489-x.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 27566109 (View on PubMed)

Conrad MD, Mota D, Foster M, Tukwasibwe S, Legac J, Tumwebaze P, Whalen M, Kakuru A, Nayebare P, Wallender E, Havlir DV, Jagannathan P, Huang L, Aweeka F, Kamya MR, Dorsey G, Rosenthal PJ. Impact of Intermittent Preventive Treatment During Pregnancy on Plasmodium falciparum Drug Resistance-Mediating Polymorphisms in Uganda. J Infect Dis. 2017 Nov 15;216(8):1008-1017. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jix421.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 28968782 (View on PubMed)

Kapisi J, Kakuru A, Jagannathan P, Muhindo MK, Natureeba P, Awori P, Nakalembe M, Ssekitoleko R, Olwoch P, Ategeka J, Nayebare P, Clark TD, Rizzuto G, Muehlenbachs A, Havlir DV, Kamya MR, Dorsey G, Gaw SL. Relationships between infection with Plasmodium falciparum during pregnancy, measures of placental malaria, and adverse birth outcomes. Malar J. 2017 Oct 5;16(1):400. doi: 10.1186/s12936-017-2040-4.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 28982374 (View on PubMed)

Jagannathan P, Kakuru A, Okiring J, Muhindo MK, Natureeba P, Nakalembe M, Opira B, Olwoch P, Nankya F, Ssewanyana I, Tetteh K, Drakeley C, Beeson J, Reiling L, Clark TD, Rodriguez-Barraquer I, Greenhouse B, Wallender E, Aweeka F, Prahl M, Charlebois ED, Feeney ME, Havlir DV, Kamya MR, Dorsey G. Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine for intermittent preventive treatment of malaria during pregnancy and risk of malaria in early childhood: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS Med. 2018 Jul 17;15(7):e1002606. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002606. eCollection 2018 Jul.

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PMID: 30016328 (View on PubMed)

Muhindo MK, Jagannathan P, Kakuru A, Opira B, Olwoch P, Okiring J, Nalugo N, Clark TD, Ruel T, Charlebois E, Feeney ME, Havlir DV, Dorsey G, Kamya MR. Intermittent preventive treatment with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine and risk of malaria following cessation in young Ugandan children: a double-blind, randomised, controlled trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2019 Sep;19(9):962-972. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(19)30299-3. Epub 2019 Jul 12.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 31307883 (View on PubMed)

Conroy AL, Bangirana P, Muhindo MK, Kakuru A, Jagannathan P, Opoka RO, Liechty EA, Nakalembe M, Kamya MR, Dorsey G, John CC. Case Report: Birth Outcome and Neurodevelopment in Placental Malaria Discordant Twins. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2019 Mar;100(3):552-555. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0659.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 30628574 (View on PubMed)

Wallender E, Ali AM, Hughes E, Kakuru A, Jagannathan P, Muhindo MK, Opira B, Whalen M, Huang L, Duvalsaint M, Legac J, Kamya MR, Dorsey G, Aweeka F, Rosenthal PJ, Savic RM. Identifying an optimal dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine dosing regimen for malaria prevention in young Ugandan children. Nat Commun. 2021 Nov 18;12(1):6714. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-27051-8.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 34795281 (View on PubMed)

Hughes E, Imperial M, Wallender E, Kajubi R, Huang L, Jagannathan P, Zhang N, Kakuru A, Natureeba P, Mwima MW, Muhindo M, Mwebaza N, Clark TD, Opira B, Nakalembe M, Havlir D, Kamya M, Rosenthal PJ, Dorsey G, Aweeka F, Savic RM. Piperaquine Exposure Is Altered by Pregnancy, HIV, and Nutritional Status in Ugandan Women. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2020 Nov 17;64(12):e01013-20. doi: 10.1128/AAC.01013-20. Print 2020 Nov 17.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 33020153 (View on PubMed)

Whalen ME, Kajubi R, Chamankhah N, Huang L, Orukan F, Wallender E, Kamya MR, Dorsey G, Jagannathan P, Rosenthal PJ, Mwebaza N, Aweeka FT. Reduced Exposure to Piperaquine, Compared to Adults, in Young Children Receiving Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine as Malaria Chemoprevention. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2019 Dec;106(6):1310-1318. doi: 10.1002/cpt.1534. Epub 2019 Jul 22.

Reference Type DERIVED
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Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 29547881 (View on PubMed)

Provided Documents

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Document Type: Study Protocol

View Document

Document Type: Statistical Analysis Plan

View Document

Other Identifiers

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P01HD059454

Identifier Type: NIH

Identifier Source: secondary_id

View Link

PROMOTE-BC1

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id