Trial Outcomes & Findings for Peace-Building Interventions for Israeli and Palestinian Youth (NCT NCT02122887)

NCT ID: NCT02122887

Last Updated: 2020-04-03

Results Overview

Interactions were coded with the "Coding Interactive Behavior" (CIB) manual (Feldman, 1998), adolescent version. This version of the CIB is composed of 32 codes rated on a scale of 1 to 5, as higher score mean a better outcome. The Two following constructs were used: A personal measure of "Behavioral Empathy" - an average of the following CIB codes: expressing empathy, acknowledging other's communication, elaborating other's topics and ideas, maintaining positive affect, maintaining visual, and give-and-receive reciprocity and Dyadic Tension - averaged codes; displaying a tense, anxious, and uneasy behavior, fear, and constriction of communicative output and social behavior.

• Recruitment status: COMPLETED
• Study phase: NA
• Target enrollment: 101 participants
• Primary outcome timeframe: trail 1-baseline
• Results posted on: 2020-04-03

Participant Flow

Participant milestones

Measure	Control Group no intervention for 3 months	Experimental Group Peace-Building Intervention Process- The intervention process consists of eight sessions and adheres to a manualized protocol that we developed. Each session lasts 120 minutes. Peace-Building Intervention Process: The eight sessions include (1) presentation of the self to others members (2) getting familiar with the other culture (3) what is a conflict - how do conflicts come about, what are adaptive and non-adaptive modes of resolving conflict (4) getting to know the "Other" - preconceived notions about the other side (5) on dialogue- what is dialogue, can dialogue offer means for conflict resolution, what are the benefits of dialogue to inter-cultural and inter-racial conflicts, (6) empathy, generosity, and kindness (7) wrapping up - hopes for the future at the personal and community levels, practical suggestions (8) goodbye and summary - what have we learned ,"gift giving", summary of process by group leaders.
Overall Study STARTED	60	41
Overall Study COMPLETED	40	39
Overall Study NOT COMPLETED	20	2

Reasons for withdrawal

Measure	Control Group no intervention for 3 months	Experimental Group Peace-Building Intervention Process- The intervention process consists of eight sessions and adheres to a manualized protocol that we developed. Each session lasts 120 minutes. Peace-Building Intervention Process: The eight sessions include (1) presentation of the self to others members (2) getting familiar with the other culture (3) what is a conflict - how do conflicts come about, what are adaptive and non-adaptive modes of resolving conflict (4) getting to know the "Other" - preconceived notions about the other side (5) on dialogue- what is dialogue, can dialogue offer means for conflict resolution, what are the benefits of dialogue to inter-cultural and inter-racial conflicts, (6) empathy, generosity, and kindness (7) wrapping up - hopes for the future at the personal and community levels, practical suggestions (8) goodbye and summary - what have we learned ,"gift giving", summary of process by group leaders.
Overall Study Withdrawal by Subject	20	2

Baseline Characteristics

1 participant data was lost

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Measure	Control Group n=40 Participants no intervention for 3 months	Experimental Group n=39 Participants Peace-Building Intervention Process- The intervention process consists of eight sessions and adheres to a manualized protocol that we developed. Each session lasts 120 minutes. Peace-Building Intervention Process: The eight sessions include (1) presentation of the self to others members (2) getting familiar with the other culture (3) what is a conflict - how do conflicts come about, what are adaptive and non-adaptive modes of resolving conflict (4) getting to know the "Other" - preconceived notions about the other side (5) on dialogue- what is dialogue, can dialogue offer means for conflict resolution, what are the benefits of dialogue to inter-cultural and inter-racial conflicts, (6) empathy, generosity, and kindness (7) wrapping up - hopes for the future at the personal and community levels, practical suggestions (8) goodbye and summary - what have we learned ,"gift giving", summary of process by group leaders.	Total n=79 Participants Total of all reporting groups
Age, Continuous	16.43 years STANDARD_DEVIATION .79 • n=40 Participants	16.64 years STANDARD_DEVIATION .74 • n=39 Participants	16.54 years STANDARD_DEVIATION .77 • n=79 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Female	22 Participants n=40 Participants	22 Participants n=39 Participants	44 Participants n=79 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Male	18 Participants n=40 Participants	17 Participants n=39 Participants	35 Participants n=79 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized ethnicity · Jewish	20 Participants n=40 Participants	19 Participants n=39 Participants	39 Participants n=79 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized ethnicity · Arab	20 Participants n=40 Participants	20 Participants n=39 Participants	40 Participants n=79 Participants
Region of Enrollment Israel	40 participants n=40 Participants	39 participants n=39 Participants	79 participants n=79 Participants
Empathy (IRI-INTERPERSONAL REACTIVITY INDEX )	17.71 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.06 • n=40 Participants • 1 participant data was lost	18.96 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.83 • n=38 Participants • 1 participant data was lost	18.63 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.83 • n=78 Participants • 1 participant data was lost
Ethnocentrism	35.2 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.83 • n=40 Participants	33.89 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.61 • n=39 Participants	34.56 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.71 • n=79 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: trail 1-baseline

Population: All participants

Interactions were coded with the "Coding Interactive Behavior" (CIB) manual (Feldman, 1998), adolescent version. This version of the CIB is composed of 32 codes rated on a scale of 1 to 5, as higher score mean a better outcome. The Two following constructs were used: A personal measure of "Behavioral Empathy" - an average of the following CIB codes: expressing empathy, acknowledging other's communication, elaborating other's topics and ideas, maintaining positive affect, maintaining visual, and give-and-receive reciprocity and Dyadic Tension - averaged codes; displaying a tense, anxious, and uneasy behavior, fear, and constriction of communicative output and social behavior.

Outcome measures

Measure	Control Group n=40 Participants no intervention for 3 months	Experimental Group n=39 Participants Peace-Building Intervention Process- The intervention process consists of eight sessions and adheres to a manualized protocol that we developed. Each session lasts 120 minutes. Peace-Building Intervention Process: The eight sessions include (1) presentation of the self to others members (2) getting familiar with the other culture (3) what is a conflict - how do conflicts come about, what are adaptive and non-adaptive modes of resolving conflict (4) getting to know the "Other" - preconceived notions about the other side (5) on dialogue- what is dialogue, can dialogue offer means for conflict resolution, what are the benefits of dialogue to inter-cultural and inter-racial conflicts, (6) empathy, generosity, and kindness (7) wrapping up - hopes for the future at the personal and community levels, practical suggestions (8) goodbye and summary - what have we learned ,"gift giving", summary of process by group leaders.
Behavioral Assessment of Dialogue Behavioral Empathy	3.07 units on a scale Standard Deviation .81	3.21 units on a scale Standard Deviation .98
Behavioral Assessment of Dialogue Dyadic Tension	2.26 units on a scale Standard Deviation 1.04	2.23 units on a scale Standard Deviation 1.14

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: trail 1- baseline

Population: Some participants didn't have a measure due to insufficient saliva

Three saliva samples were collected using Salivettes® at baseline, following interaction, and ten minutes after end and averaged. All samples were then stored at -20°C. Salivette were treated as following: centrifuged twice, at 4°C at 1500 x g for 30 minutes, aliquoted and lyophilized over few days- to concentrate by 4 times. The dry samples were reconstructed in the assay buffer immediately before analysis using an oxytocin enzyme immunoassay commercial kit (ENZO, NY). The assay preformed according the kit's instruction. The concentration of oxytocin was calculated using MatLab-7

Outcome measures

Measure	Control Group n=33 Participants no intervention for 3 months	Experimental Group n=39 Participants Peace-Building Intervention Process- The intervention process consists of eight sessions and adheres to a manualized protocol that we developed. Each session lasts 120 minutes. Peace-Building Intervention Process: The eight sessions include (1) presentation of the self to others members (2) getting familiar with the other culture (3) what is a conflict - how do conflicts come about, what are adaptive and non-adaptive modes of resolving conflict (4) getting to know the "Other" - preconceived notions about the other side (5) on dialogue- what is dialogue, can dialogue offer means for conflict resolution, what are the benefits of dialogue to inter-cultural and inter-racial conflicts, (6) empathy, generosity, and kindness (7) wrapping up - hopes for the future at the personal and community levels, practical suggestions (8) goodbye and summary - what have we learned ,"gift giving", summary of process by group leaders.
Hormonal Assays- Oxytocin	44.08 picogram/ml Standard Deviation 26.67	49.93 picogram/ml Standard Deviation 34.41

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: trail 1-baseline

Population: All participants

Participants were interviewed individually on their attitudes towards the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Perspective-taking (PT), addressed the degree to which adolescents thought justice was solely on their side and the other side is totally wrong, aggressive, and vicious compared to the ability to see some justice on both sides. Participants received binary score for PT, as 1 is some ability to see justice on the other side, and 0 is seeing justice only in own side.

Outcome measures

Measure	Control Group n=40 Participants no intervention for 3 months	Experimental Group n=39 Participants Peace-Building Intervention Process- The intervention process consists of eight sessions and adheres to a manualized protocol that we developed. Each session lasts 120 minutes. Peace-Building Intervention Process: The eight sessions include (1) presentation of the self to others members (2) getting familiar with the other culture (3) what is a conflict - how do conflicts come about, what are adaptive and non-adaptive modes of resolving conflict (4) getting to know the "Other" - preconceived notions about the other side (5) on dialogue- what is dialogue, can dialogue offer means for conflict resolution, what are the benefits of dialogue to inter-cultural and inter-racial conflicts, (6) empathy, generosity, and kindness (7) wrapping up - hopes for the future at the personal and community levels, practical suggestions (8) goodbye and summary - what have we learned ,"gift giving", summary of process by group leaders.
PT (Perspective-taking) justice is solely on our side	21 Participants	21 Participants
PT (Perspective-taking) There is some justice in the other side	19 Participants	18 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: trail 2- 3 months after trail 1

Population: Control group had few missing values due to problems in the interaction videos that didn't allow data analysis

interactions were coded with the "Coding Interactive Behavior" (CIB) manual (Feldman, 1998), adolescent version. This version of the CIB is composed of 32 codes rated on a scale of 1 to 5, as higher score mean a better outcome. The Two following constructs were used: A personal measure of "Behavioral Empathy" - an average of the following CIB codes: expressing empathy, acknowledging other's communication, elaborating other's topics and ideas, maintaining positive affect, maintaining visual, and give-and-receive reciprocity and Dyadic Tension - averaged codes; displaying a tense, anxious, and uneasy behavior, fear, and constriction of communicative output and social behavior.

Outcome measures

Measure	Control Group n=36 Participants no intervention for 3 months	Experimental Group n=39 Participants Peace-Building Intervention Process- The intervention process consists of eight sessions and adheres to a manualized protocol that we developed. Each session lasts 120 minutes. Peace-Building Intervention Process: The eight sessions include (1) presentation of the self to others members (2) getting familiar with the other culture (3) what is a conflict - how do conflicts come about, what are adaptive and non-adaptive modes of resolving conflict (4) getting to know the "Other" - preconceived notions about the other side (5) on dialogue- what is dialogue, can dialogue offer means for conflict resolution, what are the benefits of dialogue to inter-cultural and inter-racial conflicts, (6) empathy, generosity, and kindness (7) wrapping up - hopes for the future at the personal and community levels, practical suggestions (8) goodbye and summary - what have we learned ,"gift giving", summary of process by group leaders.
Behavioral Assessment of Dialogue Dyadic Tension	1.8 units on a scale Standard Deviation .90	1.84 units on a scale Standard Deviation .89
Behavioral Assessment of Dialogue Behavioral Empathy	3.33 units on a scale Standard Deviation .81	3.29 units on a scale Standard Deviation .79

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: trail 2- 3 months after trail1

Population: Some participants didn't have a measure due to insufficient saliva

Three saliva samples were collected using Salivettes® at baseline, following interaction, and ten minutes after end and averaged. All samples were then stored at -20°C. Salivette were treated as following: centrifuged twice, at 4°C at 1500 x g for 30 minutes, aliquoted and lyophilized over few days- to concentrate by 4 times. The dry samples were reconstructed in the assay buffer immediately before analysis using an oxytocin enzyme immunoassay commercial kit (ENZO, NY). The assay preformed according the kit's instruction. The concentration of oxytocin was calculated using MatLab-7

Outcome measures

Measure	Control Group n=38 Participants no intervention for 3 months	Experimental Group n=38 Participants Peace-Building Intervention Process- The intervention process consists of eight sessions and adheres to a manualized protocol that we developed. Each session lasts 120 minutes. Peace-Building Intervention Process: The eight sessions include (1) presentation of the self to others members (2) getting familiar with the other culture (3) what is a conflict - how do conflicts come about, what are adaptive and non-adaptive modes of resolving conflict (4) getting to know the "Other" - preconceived notions about the other side (5) on dialogue- what is dialogue, can dialogue offer means for conflict resolution, what are the benefits of dialogue to inter-cultural and inter-racial conflicts, (6) empathy, generosity, and kindness (7) wrapping up - hopes for the future at the personal and community levels, practical suggestions (8) goodbye and summary - what have we learned ,"gift giving", summary of process by group leaders.
Hormonal Assays-Oxytocin	40.03 picogram/ml Standard Deviation 57.43	43.42 picogram/ml Standard Deviation 35.34

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: trail 2- 3 months after trail 1

Population: All participants

Participants were interviewed individually on their attitudes towards the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Perspective-taking (PT), addressed the degree to which adolescents thought justice was solely on their side and the other side is totally wrong, aggressive, and vicious compared to the ability to see some justice on both sides. Participants received binary score for PT.

Outcome measures

Measure	Control Group n=40 Participants no intervention for 3 months	Experimental Group n=39 Participants Peace-Building Intervention Process- The intervention process consists of eight sessions and adheres to a manualized protocol that we developed. Each session lasts 120 minutes. Peace-Building Intervention Process: The eight sessions include (1) presentation of the self to others members (2) getting familiar with the other culture (3) what is a conflict - how do conflicts come about, what are adaptive and non-adaptive modes of resolving conflict (4) getting to know the "Other" - preconceived notions about the other side (5) on dialogue- what is dialogue, can dialogue offer means for conflict resolution, what are the benefits of dialogue to inter-cultural and inter-racial conflicts, (6) empathy, generosity, and kindness (7) wrapping up - hopes for the future at the personal and community levels, practical suggestions (8) goodbye and summary - what have we learned ,"gift giving", summary of process by group leaders.
Changes in PT (Perspective-taking) After Intervention justice is solely on our side	16 Participants	24 Participants
Changes in PT (Perspective-taking) After Intervention There is some justice in the other side	24 Participants	15 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: trail 2- 3 months after trail1

Population: All participants

Perspective-taking (PT), addressed the degree to which adolescents thought justice was solely on their side compared to the ability to see some justice on both sides. Participants received binary score for PT and were divided to high vs low PT groups accordingly.

We compared participants' tension levels, according to level of PT and group (intervention or control). Interactions were coded with the "Coding Interactive Behavior" (CIB) manual (Feldman, 1998), adolescent version. This version of the CIB is composed of 32 codes rated on a scale of 1 to 5, as higher score means a better outcome. Dyadic Tension is the averaged codes; displaying a tense, anxious, and uneasy behavior, fear, and constriction of communicative output and social behavior.

Outcome measures

Measure	Control Group n=40 Participants no intervention for 3 months	Experimental Group n=39 Participants Peace-Building Intervention Process- The intervention process consists of eight sessions and adheres to a manualized protocol that we developed. Each session lasts 120 minutes. Peace-Building Intervention Process: The eight sessions include (1) presentation of the self to others members (2) getting familiar with the other culture (3) what is a conflict - how do conflicts come about, what are adaptive and non-adaptive modes of resolving conflict (4) getting to know the "Other" - preconceived notions about the other side (5) on dialogue- what is dialogue, can dialogue offer means for conflict resolution, what are the benefits of dialogue to inter-cultural and inter-racial conflicts, (6) empathy, generosity, and kindness (7) wrapping up - hopes for the future at the personal and community levels, practical suggestions (8) goodbye and summary - what have we learned ,"gift giving", summary of process by group leaders.
Changes in Tension as a Function of Perspective-taking and Group High Perspective-taking	2.13 units on a scale Standard Deviation 0.81	2.18 units on a scale Standard Deviation 1.01
Changes in Tension as a Function of Perspective-taking and Group Low Perspective-taking	2.67 units on a scale Standard Deviation 0.85	2.39 units on a scale Standard Deviation 1.01

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: trail 2- 3 months after trail 1

Population: All participants

Perspective-taking (PT), addressed the degree to which adolescents thought justice was solely on their side compared to the ability to see some justice on both sides. Participants received binary score for PT and were divided to high vs low PT groups accordingly.

We compared participants' behavioral empathy levels. Interactions were coded with the "Coding Interactive Behavior" (CIB) manual (Feldman, 1998), adolescent version. This version of the CIB is composed of 32 codes rated on a scale of 1 to 5, as higher score means a better outcome. "Behavioral Empathy" is the average of the following CIB codes: expressing empathy, acknowledging other's communication, elaborating other's topics and ideas, maintaining positive affect, maintaining visual, and give-and-receive reciprocity

Outcome measures

Measure	Control Group n=40 Participants no intervention for 3 months	Experimental Group n=39 Participants Peace-Building Intervention Process- The intervention process consists of eight sessions and adheres to a manualized protocol that we developed. Each session lasts 120 minutes. Peace-Building Intervention Process: The eight sessions include (1) presentation of the self to others members (2) getting familiar with the other culture (3) what is a conflict - how do conflicts come about, what are adaptive and non-adaptive modes of resolving conflict (4) getting to know the "Other" - preconceived notions about the other side (5) on dialogue- what is dialogue, can dialogue offer means for conflict resolution, what are the benefits of dialogue to inter-cultural and inter-racial conflicts, (6) empathy, generosity, and kindness (7) wrapping up - hopes for the future at the personal and community levels, practical suggestions (8) goodbye and summary - what have we learned ,"gift giving", summary of process by group leaders.
Changes in Empathy as a Function of Perspective Taking High Perspective-taking	1.58 units on a scale Standard Deviation 0.83	1.43 units on a scale Standard Deviation 0.86
Changes in Empathy as a Function of Perspective Taking Low Perspective-taking	1.38 units on a scale Standard Deviation 0.63	1.16 units on a scale Standard Deviation 0.39

Adverse Events

no Intervention for 3 Months

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Experimental Group

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

Moran Influs

Bar Ilan University

Phone: 972-35317943

Email: moran.influs@gmail.com

Results disclosure agreements

• Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
• Publication restrictions are in place