Evaluation of the HITSystem to Improve Early Infant Diagnosis Outcomes in Kenya

NCT ID: NCT02072603

Last Updated: 2020-07-13

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

1815 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2014-03-30

Study Completion Date

2020-04-30

Brief Summary

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The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the HITSystem in maximizing early infant diagnosis (EID) service utilization for HIV-exposed infants and early antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation for infants diagnosed with HIV.

Detailed Description

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The current EID system is hampered by significant structural barriers that contribute to late and sporadic testing of HIV-exposed infants, lost or delayed test results from the laboratory, and the absence of a reliable system to notify mothers of test results or the need to return to the hospital.

Consequently, in Kenya only about one-third of HIV-exposed infants receive complete EID care through 18 months of age, and less than 20% of diagnosed HIV+ infants are initiated on life saving ART.

To maximize both the benefits and efficiencies of EID efforts, the investigators have developed a system strengthening intervention called the HIV Infant Tracking System (HITSystem©). The HITSystem intervention is an online, automated intervention designed to overcome current EID barriers by providing efficient prospective tracking of HIV- exposed infants and triggering electronic action 'alerts' for both EID providers and lab technicians when time sensitive interventions are overdue for specific infants. A built-in text messaging system sends text messages to mothers' cell phones when test results are ready or follow up visits are needed. The ultimate goals of the HITSystem are to maximize (a) EID service utilization for HIV-exposed infants (retention until 18 months) and (b) early ART initiation for infants diagnosed HIV+, by facilitating collaboration and accountability between key stakeholders (hospitals, laboratories and mothers) to improve EID outcomes.

Our pilot data from two hospitals in Kenya (one urban, one peri-urban) demonstrate the acceptability and feasibility of implementing this intervention. Using a pre-post intervention design the investigators compared EID outcomes from n=330 mother-infant pairs assessed by retrospective chart review during the 12 months prior to the initiation of the intervention to n=460 mother-infant pairs enrolled in the HITSystem intervention over the course of several months (9 and 6 months, respectively). Pilot data indicate a 3 fold increase in EID retention (31% vs. 97%, p\<0.001), and more than doubled infant ART initiation rates (44% vs. 95%, p\<0.001).14 These data have resulted in great interest and support from the Kenya Ministry of Health for this study, the findings of which will influence national EID dissemination decisions.

To more rigorously evaluate the impact of the HITSystem intervention on EID care in a low-resource country and implications for the feasibility of scaling up this intervention, the investigators will use a cluster randomized control trial among 6 Kenyan government hospitals (3 intervention and 3 standard of care; matched). Three specific aims guide the proposed study:

Aim 1. Conduct a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of the HITSystem in improving the timely provision of 8 critical intervention benchmarks for optimal Early Infant Diagnosis of HIV and management.

Aim 2. To identify among HIV-exposed infants predictors of (1) incomplete EID care and (2) time periods most vulnerable to loss of contact at both intervention and control sites.

Aim 3. To estimate the incremental cost-effectiveness of the HITSystem in improving complete EID care across study arms, and to assess user satisfaction among key stakeholders.

This study will scientifically evaluate the public health impact of the HITSystem to improve critical EID outcomes in low-resource settings. Cost-effectiveness analyses will inform the feasibility of scaling up the HITSystem in other settings, and opportunities to adapt the technology to address other health outcomes.

Conditions

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HIV

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

PREVENTION

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Intervention Hospitals

HITSystem implementation at hospital and its affiliated laboratory

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

HITSystem

Intervention Type OTHER

Online, automated program designed to overcome current EID barriers by providing efficient prospective tracking of HIV-exposed infants and triggering electronic action "alerts" for both EID providers and lab technicians when time sensitive interventions are overdue for specific infants.

Control Hospitals

Existing standard of EID care

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Standard of Care

Intervention Type OTHER

current procedures that follow Kenyan National EID guidelines to diagnose and manage HIV infection among HIV-exposed infants.

Interventions

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HITSystem

Online, automated program designed to overcome current EID barriers by providing efficient prospective tracking of HIV-exposed infants and triggering electronic action "alerts" for both EID providers and lab technicians when time sensitive interventions are overdue for specific infants.

Intervention Type OTHER

Standard of Care

current procedures that follow Kenyan National EID guidelines to diagnose and manage HIV infection among HIV-exposed infants.

Intervention Type OTHER

Other Intervention Names

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HIV Infant Tracking System

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* HIV+ mother whose infant is \<18 months of age
* Ability to provide consent

Exclusion Criteria

\-
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

FEMALE

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)

NIH

Sponsor Role collaborator

Sarah Kessler, PhD, MPH

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Sarah Kessler, PhD, MPH

Associate Professor

Responsibility Role SPONSOR_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Sarah F Kessler, PhD, MPH

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of Kansas Medical Center

Locations

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University of Kansas Medical Center

Kansas City, Kansas, United States

Site Status

Kenyan Medical Research Institute

Nairobi, , Kenya

Site Status

Countries

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United States Kenya

References

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Finocchario-Kessler S, Goggin K, Khamadi S, Gautney B, Dariotis JK, Bawcom C, Cheng AL, Nazir N, Martin C, Ruff A, Sweat M, Okoth V. Improving early infant HIV diagnosis in Kenya: study protocol of a cluster-randomized efficacy trial of the HITSystem. Implement Sci. 2015 Jul 9;10:96. doi: 10.1186/s13012-015-0284-3.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 26155932 (View on PubMed)

Finocchario-Kessler S, Gautney BJ, Khamadi S, Okoth V, Goggin K, Spinler JK, Mwangi A, Kimanga D, Clark KF, Olungae HD, Preidis GA; HITSystem Team. If you text them, they will come: using the HIV infant tracking system to improve early infant diagnosis quality and retention in Kenya. AIDS. 2014 Jul;28 Suppl 3(0 3):S313-21. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000000332.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 24991904 (View on PubMed)

Goggin K, Wexler C, Nazir N, Staggs VS, Gautney B, Okoth V, Khamadi SA, Ruff A, Sweat M, Cheng AL, Finocchario-Kessler S. Predictors of Infant Age at Enrollment in Early Infant Diagnosis Services in Kenya. AIDS Behav. 2016 Sep;20(9):2141-50. doi: 10.1007/s10461-016-1404-z.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 27108002 (View on PubMed)

Wexler C, Brown M, Hurley EA, Ochieng M, Goggin K, Gautney B, Maloba M, Lwembe R, Khamadi S, Finocchario-Kessler S. Implementing eHealth Technology to Address Gaps in Early Infant Diagnosis Services: Qualitative Assessment of Kenyan Provider Experiences. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2018 Aug 22;6(8):e169. doi: 10.2196/mhealth.9725.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 30135052 (View on PubMed)

Finocchario-Kessler S, Gautney B, Cheng A, Wexler C, Maloba M, Nazir N, Khamadi S, Lwembe R, Brown M, Odeny TA, Dariotis JK, Sandbulte M, Mabachi N, Goggin K. Evaluation of the HIV Infant Tracking System (HITSystem) to optimise quality and efficiency of early infant diagnosis: a cluster-randomised trial in Kenya. Lancet HIV. 2018 Dec;5(12):e696-e705. doi: 10.1016/S2352-3018(18)30245-5. Epub 2018 Oct 8.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 30309787 (View on PubMed)

Brown M, Wexler C, Gautney B, Goggin K, Hurley EA, Odeny B, Maloba M, Lwembe R, Sandbulte M, Finocchario-Kessler S. eHealth Interventions for Early Infant Diagnosis: Mothers' Satisfaction with the HIV Infant Tracking System in Kenya. AIDS Behav. 2019 Nov;23(11):3093-3102. doi: 10.1007/s10461-019-02579-5.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 31313093 (View on PubMed)

Goggin K, Hurley EA, Staggs VS, Wexler C, Nazir N, Gautney B, Khamadi SA, Maloba M, Lwembe R, Finocchario-Kessler S. Rates and Predictors of HIV-Exposed Infants Lost to Follow-Up During Early Infant Diagnosis Services in Kenya. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2019 Aug;33(8):346-353. doi: 10.1089/apc.2019.0050.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 31369296 (View on PubMed)

Wexler C, Nazir N, Gautney B, Maloba M, Brown M, Goggin K, Lwembe R, Finocchario-Kessler S. Predictors of Early ART Initiation Among HIV + Infants in Kenya: A Retrospective Review of HITSystem Data from 2013 to 2017. Matern Child Health J. 2020 Jun;24(6):739-747. doi: 10.1007/s10995-020-02909-3.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 32285335 (View on PubMed)

Hurley EA, Odeny B, Wexler C, Brown M, MacKenzie A, Goggin K, Maloba M, Gautney B, Finocchario-Kessler S. "It was my obligation as mother": 18-Month completion of Early Infant Diagnosis as identity control for mothers living with HIV in Kenya. Soc Sci Med. 2020 Apr;250:112866. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.112866. Epub 2020 Feb 27.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 32145483 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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1R01HD076673-01A1

Identifier Type: NIH

Identifier Source: secondary_id

View Link

13793

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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