Measurement of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness - a Biomarker for the Early Detection of Alzheimer's Disease?
NCT ID: NCT02051244
Last Updated: 2014-01-31
Study Results
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
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UNKNOWN
60 participants
OBSERVATIONAL
2014-02-28
2015-02-28
Brief Summary
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Detailed Description
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New criteria and guidelines for diagnosing Alzheimer's published in 2011 recommend that it be considered a disease that begins well before the development of symptoms. Brain changes in individuals with Alzheimer's are thought to begin 10 years or more before symptoms such as memory loss occur - the asymptomatic preclinical phase of AD. Researchers believe that treatment to slow down or stop progression of Alzheimer's and preserve brain function will be most effective when administered early in the course of the disease. The pursuit of biomarkers to detect asymptomatic preclinical AD is a current issue and potential biomarkers such as: brain volume, level of glucose metabolism in the brain, levels of beta-amyloid and tau in the CSF, detection of apoptosing retinal cells (DARC), are being investigated. In this study we would like to propose the measurement of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness as a potential key biomarker for the detection of asymptomatic preclinical Alzheimer's and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI).
The eye can be considered a window to the brain and the retina exists as an extension of the CNS. Changes that occur in the retina can be visualized non-invasively and directly with increasingly sophisticated imaging techniques. It is now possible to detect changes in single neurons in the eye. Historically the visual symptoms that have been reported in AD patients have been attributed to neuronal damage to the visual pathways in the brain rather than the retina. However there is increasing evidence that shows that the specific pathological findings in the brain occur in the retina also.
The ocular manifestations in AD were first documented by Cogan in 1985, who documented deficits in visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, colour vision and motion perception. In more recent studies using optical coherence tomography (OCT), peripapillary thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) has been demonstrated, occurring initially superiorly and causing inferior visual field loss.
The use of OCT as a non-invasive optical imaging technique has become an accepted method for assessing the thickness of the RNFL due to its reproducibility and accuracy. Blanks et al. provided ultrastructural studies that showed retinal ganglion cell degeneration in post mortem retinas of patients with AD. He demonstrated that in AD extensive neuronal loss was seen throughout the retina but most pronounced in superior and inferior quadrant and loss in the central retina, the greatest decrease of neurons being in the temporal foveal region.
Results of a study by C. Paquet, M.Boissonnot et al demonstrated an abnormal RNFL thickness in patients with amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (MMSE score of 25, with subjective memory complaints), suggesting that the involvement of the retina is an early event in the development of Alzheimer's.
MCI is generally defined as being problems with memory, language or another essential cognitive ability that are severe enough to show up on cognitive tests but not to interfere with daily life. Studies show that 10 -20 % of people aged 65 and older have MCI. 15% of individuals with MCI progress to dementia each year. No significant difference was found between RNFL thickness observed in MCI patients and in mild AD patients.
In light of these findings it is proposed that measurement of RNFL could be used to enable early MCI diagnosis in patients suffering from subtle memory disturbances and as a biomarker to detect asymptomatic pre-clinical Alzheimer's disease. In light of these findings this study proposes to take investigations one step further and to see if patients suffering from subjective memory loss but with normal cognitive tests have abnormal RNFL tests.
Conditions
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Keywords
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Study Design
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CASE_CONTROL
CROSS_SECTIONAL
Study Groups
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Subjective memory loss
Subjects who report memory loss, that may or may not be confirmed by an informant, but have normal cognitive tests ( MMSE scores of 27 or above out of 30. SLUMS scores of 20-30 for subjects with less than 8 years of education or 27-30 for those who have 12 or more years of education).
No interventions assigned to this group
Mild Cognitive Impairment
Subjects with Mild Cognitive Impairment - defined as being problems with memory, language or another essential cognitive ability that are severe enough to show up on cognitive tests but not to interfere with daily life. MMSE score of 23-27 out of 30. SLUMS score of 16-19 for subjects with less than 8 years of education or 20-26 for those who have 12 or more years of education.
No interventions assigned to this group
Control
Subject who do not report memory loss and have normal cognitive tests. MMSE of 27 or above out of 30. SLUMS score of 20-30 for subjects with less than 8 years of education or 27-30 for those who have 12 or more years of education.
No interventions assigned to this group
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* able to read, understand and sign independently a consent form
* able to undergo a cognitive test
* results of their cognitive test fall into one of the three cohort groups
Exclusion Criteria
* unclear media such as dense cataracts that will not allow assessment by OCT
* Cognitive test scores that are less than mild cognitive impairment
60 Years
ALL
Yes
Sponsors
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Carmel Medical Center
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Principal Investigators
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Geyer Orna, MD
Role: STUDY_DIRECTOR
Professor of Ophthalmology Carmel Medical Center
Locations
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Carmel Medical Center
Haifa, Haifa District, Israel
Countries
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Central Contacts
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References
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Kesler A, Vakhapova V, Korczyn AD, Naftaliev E, Neudorfer M. Retinal thickness in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2011 Sep;113(7):523-6. doi: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2011.02.014. Epub 2011 Mar 31.
Lu Y, Li Z, Zhang X, Ming B, Jia J, Wang R, Ma D. Retinal nerve fiber layer structure abnormalities in early Alzheimer's disease: evidence in optical coherence tomography. Neurosci Lett. 2010 Aug 9;480(1):69-72. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.06.006. Epub 2010 Jun 8.
Paquet C, Boissonnot M, Roger F, Dighiero P, Gil R, Hugon J. Abnormal retinal thickness in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Lett. 2007 Jun 13;420(2):97-9. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2007.02.090. Epub 2007 Mar 19.
Related Links
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2011 Alzheimer's Disease Facts and Figures
Abnormal retinal thickness in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease
Retinal thickness in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease
Retinal nerve fiber layer structure abnormalities in early Alzheimer's disease: Evidence in optical coherence tomography
Other Identifiers
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CMC-13-0094-CTIL
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id