Study Results
Results pending
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
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Recruitment Status
COMPLETED
Clinical Phase
PHASE4
Study Classification
INTERVENTIONAL
Study Start Date
2013-10-30
Study Completion Date
2018-07-26
Brief Summary
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The BCPP study is designed to test the hypothesis that implementing an enhanced combination prevention package which includes provision of ART to all participants, regardless of CD4 count or HIV disease severity, will impact the HIV/AIDS epidemic by significantly reducing population-level, cumulative HIV incidence in a defined geographic area over a period of 3 years and will be cost-effective.
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Detailed Description
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Conditions
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HIV
Study Design
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Allocation Method
RANDOMIZED
Intervention Model
PARALLEL
Primary Study Purpose
PREVENTION
Study Groups
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Combination Prevention
* Scale-up of HTC services during 2 annual HTC campaigns, with a target of \>90% of adults having documentation of their HIV-infected status or documentation of an HIV-negative test in the preceding 12 months.
* Scale-up of universal ART for all HIV-infected adults, with a target of \>93% of HIV positive adults receiving ART.
* Scale-up of retention in care and adherence interventions, with a target of ensuring that \>95% of HIV-infected adults are virally suppressed with HIV-1 RNA \<400 copies per ML..
* Scale-up of linkage to MC services, with a target of ensuring \>60% of HIV-negative men are circumcised.
* Rapid strengthening of PMTCT services, with a target of \>90% of women initiated on indefinite ART (Option B+) during pregnancy remaining in care and on treatment at 12 months post-delivery.
Group Type
EXPERIMENTAL
Combination Prevention
Intervention Type
OTHER
Enhanced Care
Enhanced Care Communities will receive guidance and improved technical support for quality management and data systems at all local clinics at which individuals receive HIV care and treatment.
Group Type
ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Enhanced Care
Intervention Type
OTHER
Interventions
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Combination Prevention
Intervention Type
OTHER
Enhanced Care
Intervention Type
OTHER
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* Protocol #1 - Baseline Household Survey (BHS): Permanent or part-time study community resident in any of the 30 study communities; Botswana citizen or spouse of a Botswana citizen; able to provide informed consent if ≥18 years old, or able to provide assent to complement a guardian's permission, if a minor (aged 16 or 17).
* Protocol #3 - Expanded treatment cohort: HIV-infected persons in Combination Prevention communities who are not yet on ART and are able to provide informed consent if ≥18 years old, or able to provide assent to complement a guardian's permission, if a minor (aged 16 or 17).
* Protocol #3 - Expanded treatment cohort: HIV-infected persons in Combination Prevention communities who are not yet on ART and are able to provide informed consent if ≥18 years old, or able to provide assent to complement a guardian's permission, if a minor (aged 16 or 17).
Minimum Eligible Age
16 Years
Maximum Eligible Age
64 Years
Eligible Sex
ALL
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
No
Sponsors
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Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership
OTHER
Sponsor Role
collaborator
Botswana Ministry of Health
OTHER_GOV
Sponsor Role
collaborator
Harvard School of Public Health (HSPH)
OTHER
Sponsor Role
collaborator
Tebelopele Voluntary Counseling and Testing Center
UNKNOWN
Sponsor Role
collaborator
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
FED
Sponsor Role
lead
Responsible Party
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Responsibility Role
SPONSOR
Principal Investigators
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Janet S Moore, PhD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Myron Essex, DVM, PhD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Harvard School of Public Health (HSPH)
Refeletswe Lebelonyane, MD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Botswana Ministry of Health
Shenaaz El Halabi, MPH
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Botswana Ministry of Health
Joseph Makhema, MBChB, FRCP
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership
Shahin Lockman, MD, MS
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Harvard School of Public Health (HSPH)
Eric Tchetgen Tchetgen, PhD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Harvard School of Public Health (HSPH)
Molly Pretorius Holme, MS
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Harvard School of Public Health (HSPH)
Pam Bachanas, PhD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Tafireyi Marukutira, MD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Locations
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Botswana communities and Botswana Ministry of Health clinics
Multiple Locations, Multiple, Botswana
Site Status
Countries
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Botswana
References
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Moyo S, Gaseitsiwe S, Mohammed T, Pretorius Holme M, Wang R, Kotokwe KP, Boleo C, Mupfumi L, Yankinda EK, Chakalisa U, van Widenfelt E, Gaolathe T, Mmalane MO, Dryden-Peterson S, Mine M, Lebelonyane R, Bennett K, Leidner J, Wirth KE, Tchetgen Tchetgen E, Powis K, Moore J, Clarke WA, Lockman S, Makhema JM, Essex M, Novitsky V. Cross-sectional estimates revealed high HIV incidence in Botswana rural communities in the era of successful ART scale-up in 2013-2015. PLoS One. 2018 Oct 24;13(10):e0204840. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204840. eCollection 2018.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Novitsky V, Gaolathe T, Mmalane M, Moyo S, Chakalisa U, Yankinda EK, Marukutira T, Holme MP, Sekoto T, Gaseitsiwe S, Musonda R, van Widenfelt E, Powis KM, Khan N, Dryden-Peterson S, Bennett K, Wirth KE, Tchetgen ET, Bachanas P, Mills LA, Lebelonyane R, El-Halabi S, Makhema J, Lockman S, Essex M. Lack of Virological Suppression Among Young HIV-Positive Adults in Botswana. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2018 Aug 15;78(5):557-565. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000001715.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Moyo S, Gaseitsiwe S, Powis KM, Pretorius Holme M, Mohammed T, Zahralban-Steele M, Yankinde EK, Maphorisa C, Abrams W, Lebelonyane R, Manyake K, Sekoto T, Mmalane M, Gaolathe T, Wirth KE, Makhema J, Lockman S, Clarke W, Essex M, Novitsky V. Undisclosed antiretroviral drug use in Botswana: implication for national estimates. AIDS. 2018 Jul 17;32(11):1543-1546. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000001862.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Novitsky V, Prague M, Moyo S, Gaolathe T, Mmalane M, Yankinda EK, Chakalisa U, Lebelonyane R, Khan N, Powis KM, Widenfelt E, Gaseitsiwe S, Dryden-Peterson SL, Holme MP, De Gruttola V, Bachanas P, Makhema J, Lockman S, Essex M. High HIV-1 RNA Among Newly Diagnosed People in Botswana. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2018 Mar;34(3):300-306. doi: 10.1089/AID.2017.0214. Epub 2018 Jan 17.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Moyo S, Mohammed T, Wirth KE, Prague M, Bennett K, Holme MP, Mupfumi L, Sebogodi P, Moraka NO, Boleo C, Maphorisa CN, Seraise B, Gaseitsiwe S, Musonda RM, van Widenfelt E, Powis KM, Gaolathe T, Tchetgen Tchetgen EJ, Makhema JM, Essex M, Lockman S, Novitsky V. Point-of-Care Cepheid Xpert HIV-1 Viral Load Test in Rural African Communities Is Feasible and Reliable. J Clin Microbiol. 2016 Dec;54(12):3050-3055. doi: 10.1128/JCM.01594-16. Epub 2016 Oct 12.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Gaolathe T, Wirth KE, Holme MP, Makhema J, Moyo S, Chakalisa U, Yankinda EK, Lei Q, Mmalane M, Novitsky V, Okui L, van Widenfelt E, Powis KM, Khan N, Bennett K, Bussmann H, Dryden-Peterson S, Lebelonyane R, El-Halabi S, Mills LA, Marukutira T, Wang R, Tchetgen EJ, DeGruttola V, Essex M, Lockman S; Botswana Combination Prevention Project study team. Botswana's progress toward achieving the 2020 UNAIDS 90-90-90 antiretroviral therapy and virological suppression goals: a population-based survey. Lancet HIV. 2016 May;3(5):e221-30. doi: 10.1016/S2352-3018(16)00037-0. Epub 2016 Mar 24.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Novitsky V, Zahralban-Steele M, McLane MF, Moyo S, van Widenfelt E, Gaseitsiwe S, Makhema J, Essex M. Correction for Novitsky et al., Long-Range HIV Genotyping Using Viral RNA and Proviral DNA for Analysis of HIV Drug Resistance and HIV Clustering. J Clin Microbiol. 2016 Apr;54(4):1175. doi: 10.1128/JCM.00190-16. No abstract available.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Perriat D, Balzer L, Hayes R, Lockman S, Walsh F, Ayles H, Floyd S, Havlir D, Kamya M, Lebelonyane R, Mills LA, Okello V, Petersen M, Pillay D, Sabapathy K, Wirth K, Orne-Gliemann J, Dabis F; Universal Test and Treat Trials Consortium (UT3C). Comparative assessment of five trials of universal HIV testing and treatment in sub-Saharan Africa. J Int AIDS Soc. 2018 Jan;21(1):e25048. doi: 10.1002/jia2.25048.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Novitsky V, Zahralban-Steele M, Moyo S, Nkhisang T, Maruapula D, McLane MF, Leidner J, Bennett K; PANGEA Consortium; Wirth KE, Gaolathe T, Kadima E, Chakalisa U, Pretorius Holme M, Lockman S, Mmalane M, Makhema J, Gaseitsiwe S, DeGruttola V, Essex M. Mapping of HIV-1C Transmission Networks Reveals Extensive Spread of Viral Lineages Across Villages in Botswana Treatment-as-Prevention Trial. J Infect Dis. 2020 Nov 15;222(10):1670-1680. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa276. Epub 2020 Jun 3.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Lebelonyane R, Mills LA, Mogorosi C, Ussery F, Marukutira T, Theu J, Kapanda M, Matambo S, Block L, Raizes E, Makhema J, Lockman S, Bachanas P, Moore J, Jarvis JN. Advanced HIV disease in the Botswana combination prevention project: prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes. AIDS. 2020 Dec 1;34(15):2223-2230. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000002627.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Lockman S, Holme MP, Makhema J, Bachanas P, Moore J, Wirth KE, Lebelonyane R, Essex M. Implementation of Universal HIV Testing and Treatment to Reduce HIV Incidence in Botswana: the Ya Tsie Study. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2020 Oct;17(5):478-486. doi: 10.1007/s11904-020-00523-0.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Lebelonyane R, Bachanas P, Block L, Ussery F, Abrams W, Roland M, Theu J, Kapanda M, Matambo S, Lockman S, Gaolathe T, Makhema J, Moore J, Jarvis JN. Rapid antiretroviral therapy initiation in the Botswana Combination Prevention Project: a quasi-experimental before and after study. Lancet HIV. 2020 Aug;7(8):e545-e553. doi: 10.1016/S2352-3018(20)30187-9.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Alwano MG, Bachanas P, Block L, Roland M, Sento B, Behel S, Lebelonyane R, Wirth K, Ussery F, Bapati W, Motswere-Chirwa C, Abrams W, Ussery G, Miller JA, Bile E, Fonjungo P, Kgwadu A, Holme MP, Del Castillo L, Gaolathe T, Leme K, Majingo N, Lockman S, Makhema J, Bock N, Moore J. Increasing knowledge of HIV status in a country with high HIV testing coverage: Results from the Botswana Combination Prevention Project. PLoS One. 2019 Nov 25;14(11):e0225076. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225076. eCollection 2019.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Kebaabetswe P, Manyake K, Kadima E, Auletta-Young C, Chakalisa U, Sekoto T, Dintwa OM, Mmalane M, Makhema J, Lebelonyane R, Bachanas P, Plank R, Gaolathe T, Lockman S, Holme MP. Barriers and facilitators to linkage to care and ART initiation in the setting of high ART coverage in Botswana. AIDS Care. 2020 Jun;32(6):722-728. doi: 10.1080/09540121.2019.1640843. Epub 2019 Jul 12.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Chakalisa U, Wirth K, Bennett K, Kadima E, Manyake K, Gaolathe T, Bachanas P, Marukutira T, Lebelonyane R, Dryden-Peterson S, Butler L, Mmalane M, Makhema J, Roland ME, Pretorius-Holme M, Essex M, Lockman S, Powis KM. Self-reported risky sexual practices among adolescents and young adults in Botswana. South Afr J HIV Med. 2019 Jun 26;20(1):899. doi: 10.4102/sajhivmed.v20i1.899. eCollection 2019.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Moyo S, Gaseitsiwe S, Zahralban-Steele M, Maruapula D, Nkhisang T, Mokaleng B, Mohammed T, Ditlhako TR, Bareng OT, Mokgethi TP, van Widenfelt E, Pretorius-Holme M, Mine MO, Raizes E, Yankinda EK, Wirth KE, Gaolathe T, Makhema JM, Lockman S, Essex M, Novitsky V. Low rates of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor drug resistance in Botswana. AIDS. 2019 May 1;33(6):1073-1082. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000002166.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Lasry A, Bachanas P, Suraratdecha C, Alwano MG, Behel S, Pals S, Block L, Moore J. Cost of Community-Based HIV Testing Activities to Reach Saturation in Botswana. AIDS Behav. 2019 Apr;23(4):875-882. doi: 10.1007/s10461-019-02408-9.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Molebatsi K, Gabaitiri L, Mokgatlhe L, Moyo S, Gaseitsiwe S, Wirth KE, DeGruttola V, Tchetgen Tchetgen E. Efficient estimation of human immunodeficiency virus incidence rate using a pooled cross-sectional cohort study design. Stat Med. 2020 Oct 30;39(24):3255-3271. doi: 10.1002/sim.8661. Epub 2020 Sep 1.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Bareng OT, Seselamarumo S, Seatla KK, Choga WT, Bakae B, Maruapula D, Kelentse N, Moraka NO, Mokaleng B, Mokgethi PT, Ditlhako TR, Pretorius-Holme M, Mbulawa MB, Lebelonyane R, Bile EC, Gaolathe T, Shapiro R, Makhema JM, Lockman S, Essex M, Novitsky V, Mpoloka SW, Moyo S, Gaseitsiwe S. Doravirine-associated resistance mutations in antiretroviral therapy naive and experienced adults with HIV-1 subtype C infection in Botswana. J Glob Antimicrob Resist. 2022 Dec;31:128-134. doi: 10.1016/j.jgar.2022.08.008. Epub 2022 Aug 13.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Bhebhe L, Moyo S, Gaseitsiwe S, Pretorius-Holme M, Yankinda EK, Manyake K, Kgathi C, Mmalane M, Lebelonyane R, Gaolathe T, Bachanas P, Ussery F, Letebele M, Makhema J, Wirth KE, Lockman S, Essex M, Novitsky V, Ragonnet-Cronin M. Epidemiological and viral characteristics of undiagnosed HIV infections in Botswana. BMC Infect Dis. 2022 Aug 28;22(1):710. doi: 10.1186/s12879-022-07698-4.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Marukutira T, Ussery F, Kadima E, Mills LA, Moore J, Block L, Bachanas P, Davis S, Schissler T, Mosha R, Komotere O, Diswai T, Ntsuape C, Lebelonyane R, Bock N. Male circumcision uptake during the Botswana Combination Prevention Project. PLoS One. 2022 Jun 15;17(6):e0269178. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269178. eCollection 2022.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Ussery F, Bachanas P, Alwano MG, Lebelonyane R, Block L, Wirth K, Ussery G, Sento B, Gaolathe T, Kadima E, Abrams W, Segolodi T, Hader S, Lockman S, Moore J. HIV Incidence in Botswana Rural Communities With High Antiretroviral Treatment Coverage: Results From the Botswana Combination Prevention Project, 2013-2017. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2022 Sep 1;91(1):9-16. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000003017.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Bareng OT, Moyo S, Zahralban-Steele M, Maruapula D, Ditlhako T, Mokaleng B, Mokgethi P, Choga WT, Moraka NO, Pretorius-Holme M, Mine MO, Raizes E, Molebatsi K, Motswaledi MS, Gobe I, Mohammed T, Gaolathe T, Shapiro R, Mmalane M, Makhema JM, Lockman S, Essex M, Novitsky V, Gaseitsiwe S. HIV-1 drug resistance mutations among individuals with low-level viraemia while taking combination ART in Botswana. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2022 Apr 27;77(5):1385-1395. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkac056.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Magosi LE, Zhang Y, Golubchik T, DeGruttola V, Tchetgen Tchetgen E, Novitsky V, Moore J, Bachanas P, Segolodi T, Lebelonyane R, Pretorius Holme M, Moyo S, Makhema J, Lockman S, Fraser C, Essex MM, Lipsitch M; Botswana Combination Prevention Project and PANGEA consortium. Deep-sequence phylogenetics to quantify patterns of HIV transmission in the context of a universal testing and treatment trial - BCPP/Ya Tsie trial. Elife. 2022 Mar 1;11:e72657. doi: 10.7554/eLife.72657.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Seatla KK, Maruapula D, Choga WT, Morerinyane O, Lockman S, Novitsky V, Kasvosve I, Moyo S, Gaseitsiwe S. Limited HIV-1 Subtype C nef 3'PPT Variation in Combination Antiretroviral Therapy Naive and Experienced People Living with HIV in Botswana. Pathogens. 2021 Aug 13;10(8):1027. doi: 10.3390/pathogens10081027.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Moshomo T, Mawi M, Williams CG, Molebatsi K, Masupe T, Manyake K, Lockman S, Molefe-Baikai OJ, Leero A, Jarvis JN, Gaolathe T, Mosepele M. Comparison of central obesity prevalence among adults living with and without HIV in Botswana: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2025 Apr 21;15(4):e096170. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-096170.
Reference Type
DERIVED
Cui Y, Moyo S, Pretorius Holme M, Hurwitz KE, Choga W, Bennett K, Chakalisa U, San JE, Manyake K, Kgathi C, Diphoko A, Gaseitsiwe S, Gaolathe T, Essex M, Tchetgen Tchetgen E, Makhema JM, Lockman S. Predictors of HIV seroconversion in Botswana. AIDS. 2025 Mar 1;39(3):290-297. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000004055. Epub 2024 Nov 4.
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DERIVED
Kotokwe K, Moyo S, Zahralban-Steele M, Holme MP, Melamu P, Koofhethile CK, Choga WT, Mohammed T, Nkhisang T, Mokaleng B, Maruapula D, Ditlhako T, Bareng O, Mokgethi P, Boleo C, Makhema J, Lockman S, Essex M, Ragonnet-Cronin M, Novitsky V, Gaseitsiwe S, Pangea Consortium. Prediction of Coreceptor Tropism in HIV-1 Subtype C in Botswana. Viruses. 2023 Jan 31;15(2):403. doi: 10.3390/v15020403.
Reference Type
DERIVED
Resch SC, Foote JHA, Wirth KE, Lasry A, Scott JA, Moore J, Shebl FM, Gaolathe T, Feser MK, Lebelonyane R, Hyle EP, Mmalane MO, Bachanas P, Yu L, Makhema JM, Holme MP, Essex M, Alwano MG, Lockman S, Freedberg KA. Health Impact and Cost-Effectiveness of HIV Testing, Linkage, and Early Antiretroviral Treatment in the Botswana Combination Prevention Project. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2022 Aug 1;90(4):399-407. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000002996. Epub 2022 Apr 14.
Reference Type
DERIVED
Lebelonyane R, Bachanas P, Block L, Ussery F, Alwano MG, Marukutira T, El Halabi S, Roland M, Abrams W, Ussery G, Miller JA, Lockman S, Gaolathe T, Holme MP, Hader S, Mills LA, Wirth K, Bock N, Moore J. To achieve 95-95-95 targets we must reach men and youth: High level of knowledge of HIV status, ART coverage, and viral suppression in the Botswana Combination Prevention Project through universal test and treat approach. PLoS One. 2021 Aug 10;16(8):e0255227. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255227. eCollection 2021.
Reference Type
DERIVED
Bachanas P, Alwano MG, Lebelonyane R, Block L, Behel S, Raizes E, Ussery G, Wang H, Ussery F, Pretorius Holme M, Sexton C, Pals S, Lasry A, Del Castillo L, Hader S, Lockman S, Bock N, Moore J. Finding, treating and retaining persons with HIV in a high HIV prevalence and high treatment coverage country: Results from the Botswana Combination Prevention Project. PLoS One. 2021 Apr 21;16(4):e0250211. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250211. eCollection 2021.
Reference Type
DERIVED
Wirth KE, Gaolathe T, Pretorius Holme M, Mmalane M, Kadima E, Chakalisa U, Manyake K, Matildah Mbikiwa A, Simon SV, Letlhogile R, Mukokomani K, van Widenfelt E, Moyo S, Bennett K, Leidner J, Powis KM, Lebelonyane R, Alwano MG, Jarvis J, Dryden-Peterson SL, Kgathi C, Moore J, Bachanas P, Raizes E, Abrams W, Block L, Sento B, Novitsky V, El-Halabi S, Marukutira T, Mills LA, Sexton C, Pals S, Shapiro RL, Wang R, Lei Q, DeGruttola V, Makhema J, Essex M, Lockman S, Tchetgen Tchetgen EJ. Population uptake of HIV testing, treatment, viral suppression, and male circumcision following a community-based intervention in Botswana (Ya Tsie/BCPP): a cluster-randomised trial. Lancet HIV. 2020 Jun;7(6):e422-e433. doi: 10.1016/S2352-3018(20)30103-X.
Reference Type
DERIVED
Marukutira T, Block L, Alwano MG, Behel S, Jarvis JN, Chakalisa U, Powis K, Novitsky V, Bapati W, Wang H, Ussery F, Lebelonyane R, Mills LA, Moore J, Bachanas P. Comparison of knowledge of HIV status and treatment coverage between non-citizens and citizens: Botswana Combination Prevention Project (BCPP). PLoS One. 2019 Aug 29;14(8):e0221629. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221629. eCollection 2019.
Reference Type
DERIVED
Makhema J, Wirth KE, Pretorius Holme M, Gaolathe T, Mmalane M, Kadima E, Chakalisa U, Bennett K, Leidner J, Manyake K, Mbikiwa AM, Simon SV, Letlhogile R, Mukokomani K, van Widenfelt E, Moyo S, Lebelonyane R, Alwano MG, Powis KM, Dryden-Peterson SL, Kgathi C, Novitsky V, Moore J, Bachanas P, Abrams W, Block L, El-Halabi S, Marukutira T, Mills LA, Sexton C, Raizes E, Gaseitsiwe S, Bussmann H, Okui L, John O, Shapiro RL, Pals S, Michael H, Roland M, DeGruttola V, Lei Q, Wang R, Tchetgen Tchetgen E, Essex M, Lockman S. Universal Testing, Expanded Treatment, and Incidence of HIV Infection in Botswana. N Engl J Med. 2019 Jul 18;381(3):230-242. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1812281.
Reference Type
DERIVED
Provided Documents
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Document Type: Study Protocol
Other Identifiers
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CDC-CGH-6475
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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Improving HIV Prevention Among Heterosexual Men Seeking STI Services in Malawi
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COMPLETED
NA
RCT of an Intersectional Stigma Intervention to Sustain Viral Suppression Among Women Living With Serious Mental Illness and HIV in Botswana
NCT05807867
RECRUITING
NA
3Ps for Prevention Study (Perception, Partners, Pills)
NCT03142256
UNKNOWN
PHASE4
Adapting an Adolescent Friendly PrEP Program for Uasin Gishu County-Kenya
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COMPLETED
Improving HIV Prevention Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women (AGYW) in Uganda
NCT05516602
COMPLETED
NA
Integrating Enhanced HIV PrEP Into a STI Clinic in Lilongwe
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COMPLETED
Retention of Women in the PMTCT (Prevention of Mother-to-child Transmission of HIV)
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COMPLETED
Protecting Against HIV Vaccine Misinformation With Adolescent Girls and Young Women in South Africa
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ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING
NA