Trial Outcomes & Findings for Analysis of Snore Sound Following Minimal Invasive Surgery in Sleep-disordered Breathing Patients (NCT NCT01955083)

NCT ID: NCT01955083

Last Updated: 2014-08-18

Results Overview

The mean change in subjective snoring severity (VAS) at 3 months after MIS was the primary outcome measurement.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

NA

Target enrollment

30 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

baseline and 3 months following surgery

Results posted on

2014-08-18

Participant Flow

This study was a prospective, randomized, parallel-controlled trial in a tertiary medical center (Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan). Subjects were recruitment from October 1, 2010 to March 31, 2012.

The additional inclusion criteria were: a) length of the soft palate ≥ 2.5 cm and b) the width of the base of the uvular ≥ 1.0 cm. The exclusion criteria were: a) tonsillar hypertrophy; b) high tongue position; c) retrognathia; d) craniofacial abnormalities, e) trismus, f) allergy to anesthetic, and g) poorly controlled medical disorders.

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
Radiofrequency
Arm 2- Radiofrequency (control group): 15 subjects undergo radiofrequency of the soft palate for the treatment of snoring. Subjects receive radiofrequency under local anesthesia as an outpatient procedure on sitting position. radiofrequency energy was delivered via a generator (Somnus® Model S2, Gyrus-ACMI Corporation, Maple Grove, MN, USA) with the power set to 10 watts and the maximal target temperature to 85°C. The needle electrode was inserted through the mucosa into the muscle layer at the entry points (approximately 1 cm below the hard palate-soft palate junction). The electrode was kept in place until 600 J had been delivered at the midline and 300 J at both para-midline sites (approximately 1 cm horizontal distance).
Pillar Implant
Arm 1- Pillar implant (Study group): 15 subjects undergo pillar implant surgery of the soft palate for the treatment of snoring. Subjects receive pillar implant of the soft palate under local anesthesia as an outpatient procedure on sitting position. Using the delivery tool of the pillar implant system, the mucosa of the soft palate close to the hard palate-soft palate junction (approximate 0.5 cm) was punctured in the midline. The needle was inserted to the uvular muscle and moved parallel to the curve of the soft palate towards the tip of the uvula. After reaching the insertion point, the implant was delivered steadily after which the needle was withdrawn. This process was repeated for the second and third implants in the bilateral para-midline with a 0.2 cm horizontal distance from the first implant.
Overall Study
STARTED
15
15
Overall Study
COMPLETED
14
14
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
1
1

Reasons for withdrawal

Reasons for withdrawal
Measure
Radiofrequency
Arm 2- Radiofrequency (control group): 15 subjects undergo radiofrequency of the soft palate for the treatment of snoring. Subjects receive radiofrequency under local anesthesia as an outpatient procedure on sitting position. radiofrequency energy was delivered via a generator (Somnus® Model S2, Gyrus-ACMI Corporation, Maple Grove, MN, USA) with the power set to 10 watts and the maximal target temperature to 85°C. The needle electrode was inserted through the mucosa into the muscle layer at the entry points (approximately 1 cm below the hard palate-soft palate junction). The electrode was kept in place until 600 J had been delivered at the midline and 300 J at both para-midline sites (approximately 1 cm horizontal distance).
Pillar Implant
Arm 1- Pillar implant (Study group): 15 subjects undergo pillar implant surgery of the soft palate for the treatment of snoring. Subjects receive pillar implant of the soft palate under local anesthesia as an outpatient procedure on sitting position. Using the delivery tool of the pillar implant system, the mucosa of the soft palate close to the hard palate-soft palate junction (approximate 0.5 cm) was punctured in the midline. The needle was inserted to the uvular muscle and moved parallel to the curve of the soft palate towards the tip of the uvula. After reaching the insertion point, the implant was delivered steadily after which the needle was withdrawn. This process was repeated for the second and third implants in the bilateral para-midline with a 0.2 cm horizontal distance from the first implant.
Overall Study
Lost to Follow-up
1
1

Baseline Characteristics

Analysis of Snore Sound Following Minimal Invasive Surgery in Sleep-disordered Breathing Patients

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
Radiofrequency
n=15 Participants
Arm 2- Radiofrequency (control group): 15 subjects undergo radiofrequency of the soft palate for the treatment of snoring.
Pillar Implant
n=15 Participants
Arm 1- Pillar implant (Study group): 15 subjects undergo pillar implant surgery of the soft palate for the treatment of snoring.
Total
n=30 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
Age, Categorical
<=18 years
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Age, Categorical
Between 18 and 65 years
15 Participants
n=5 Participants
15 Participants
n=7 Participants
30 Participants
n=5 Participants
Age, Categorical
>=65 years
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Age, Continuous
35.1 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.3 • n=5 Participants
38.3 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.7 • n=7 Participants
36.7 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.6 • n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
3 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
3 Participants
n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
12 Participants
n=5 Participants
15 Participants
n=7 Participants
27 Participants
n=5 Participants
Region of Enrollment
Taiwan
15 participants
n=5 Participants
15 participants
n=7 Participants
30 participants
n=5 Participants
VAS
6.8 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.0 • n=5 Participants
7.9 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.7 • n=7 Participants
7.3 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.9 • n=5 Participants
SOS
40.5 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.4 • n=5 Participants
40.4 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.8 • n=7 Participants
40.5 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.9 • n=5 Participants
Total-SI
116.4 event/hour
STANDARD_DEVIATION 148.6 • n=5 Participants
116.3 event/hour
STANDARD_DEVIATION 94.2 • n=7 Participants
116.3 event/hour
STANDARD_DEVIATION 122.2 • n=5 Participants
Total-Imax
57.7 dB
STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.2 • n=5 Participants
70.9 dB
STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.1 • n=7 Participants
64.3 dB
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.7 • n=5 Participants
Total-Imean
47.4 dB
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.6 • n=5 Participants
50.8 dB
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.0 • n=7 Participants
49.1 dB
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.6 • n=5 Participants
Total-Fpeak
617.3 Hz
STANDARD_DEVIATION 603.8 • n=5 Participants
543.3 Hz
STANDARD_DEVIATION 593.1 • n=7 Participants
580.3 Hz
STANDARD_DEVIATION 589.3 • n=5 Participants
Total-Fmean
102.3 Hz
STANDARD_DEVIATION 30.4 • n=5 Participants
10.4 Hz
STANDARD_DEVIATION 22.7 • n=7 Participants
101.9 Hz
STANDARD_DEVIATION 26.4 • n=5 Participants
B1-SI
113.3 event/hour
STANDARD_DEVIATION 148.9 • n=5 Participants
113.4 event/hour
STANDARD_DEVIATION 93.5 • n=7 Participants
113.3 event/hour
STANDARD_DEVIATION 122.2 • n=5 Participants
B1-Imax
53.9 dB
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.8 • n=5 Participants
63.8 dB
STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.9 • n=7 Participants
58.9 dB
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.1 • n=5 Participants
B1-Imean
44.8 dB
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.5 • n=5 Participants
47.2 dB
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.2 • n=7 Participants
46.0 dB
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.1 • n=5 Participants
B1-Fpeak
220.7 Hz
STANDARD_DEVIATION 54.8 • n=5 Participants
217.3 Hz
STANDARD_DEVIATION 39.2 • n=7 Participants
219.0 Hz
STANDARD_DEVIATION 46.9 • n=5 Participants
B1-Fmean
101.9 Hz
STANDARD_DEVIATION 28.4 • n=5 Participants
98.0 Hz
STANDARD_DEVIATION 24.1 • n=7 Participants
100.0 Hz
STANDARD_DEVIATION 26.0 • n=5 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: baseline and 3 months following surgery

Population: Twenty-eight patients completed the protocol; two study cases were not available for follow-up. Fourteen patients underwent radiofrequency surgery and 14 patients received pillar implant surgery. Accordingly, we analyzed the participants who completed the study protocol.

The mean change in subjective snoring severity (VAS) at 3 months after MIS was the primary outcome measurement.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Change in VAS Score at 3 Months After Radiofrequency
n=14 Participants
Arm 2- Radiofrequency (control group): 15 subjects undergo radiofrequency of the soft palate for the treatment of snoring. Mean change (after value-before value) in VAS score at 3 months after surgery was calculated.
Change in VAS Score at 3 Months After Pillar Implant
n=14 Participants
Arm 1- Pillar implant (Study group): 15 subjects undergo pillar implant surgery of the soft palate for the treatment of snoring. Mean change (after value-before value) in VAS score at 3 months after surgery was calculated.
Change in VAS Score After MIS
-1.4 units on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 7.2 • Interval -2.7 to -0.1
-3.3 units on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 9.0 • Interval -5.0 to -1.6

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: baseline and 3 months following surgery

Population: Twenty-eight participants completed the follow-up protocol and two participants dropped out after surgery.

Change in SOS score at 3 months after radiofrequency or pillar implant were calculated.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Change in VAS Score at 3 Months After Radiofrequency
n=14 Participants
Arm 2- Radiofrequency (control group): 15 subjects undergo radiofrequency of the soft palate for the treatment of snoring. Mean change (after value-before value) in VAS score at 3 months after surgery was calculated.
Change in VAS Score at 3 Months After Pillar Implant
n=14 Participants
Arm 1- Pillar implant (Study group): 15 subjects undergo pillar implant surgery of the soft palate for the treatment of snoring. Mean change (after value-before value) in VAS score at 3 months after surgery was calculated.
Change in SOS Score After MIS
13.0 units on a scale
Interval 7.6 to 18.3
22.8 units on a scale
Interval 15.3 to 30.3

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: baseline and 3 months following surgery

Population: A total of 28 participants completed the follow-up protocol and two participants dropped out after surgery.

Percent change (\[after value-before value\]/\[before value\]\*100) in Total-SI (event/hour) before and at 3 months after surgery was calculated.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Change in VAS Score at 3 Months After Radiofrequency
n=14 Participants
Arm 2- Radiofrequency (control group): 15 subjects undergo radiofrequency of the soft palate for the treatment of snoring. Mean change (after value-before value) in VAS score at 3 months after surgery was calculated.
Change in VAS Score at 3 Months After Pillar Implant
n=14 Participants
Arm 1- Pillar implant (Study group): 15 subjects undergo pillar implant surgery of the soft palate for the treatment of snoring. Mean change (after value-before value) in VAS score at 3 months after surgery was calculated.
Percent Change in Total-SI After MIS
-48.9 percentage of Total-SI
Standard Error 22.1
-5.9 percentage of Total-SI
Standard Error 25.6

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: baseline and 3 months following surgery

Population: A total of 28 participants completed the follow-up protocol and two participants dropped out after surgery.

Percent change (\[after value-before value\]/\[before value\]\*100) in Total-Imax (dB) before and at 3 months after surgery was calculated.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Change in VAS Score at 3 Months After Radiofrequency
n=14 Participants
Arm 2- Radiofrequency (control group): 15 subjects undergo radiofrequency of the soft palate for the treatment of snoring. Mean change (after value-before value) in VAS score at 3 months after surgery was calculated.
Change in VAS Score at 3 Months After Pillar Implant
n=14 Participants
Arm 1- Pillar implant (Study group): 15 subjects undergo pillar implant surgery of the soft palate for the treatment of snoring. Mean change (after value-before value) in VAS score at 3 months after surgery was calculated.
Percent Change in Total-Imax After MIS
11.3 percentage of Total-Imax
Standard Error 3.8
-6.8 percentage of Total-Imax
Standard Error 5.9

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: baseline and 3 months following surgery

Population: A total of 28 participants completed the follow-up protocol and two participants dropped out after surgery.

Percent change (\[after value-before value\]/\[before value\]\*100) in Total-Imean (dB) before and at 3 months after surgery was calculated.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Change in VAS Score at 3 Months After Radiofrequency
n=14 Participants
Arm 2- Radiofrequency (control group): 15 subjects undergo radiofrequency of the soft palate for the treatment of snoring. Mean change (after value-before value) in VAS score at 3 months after surgery was calculated.
Change in VAS Score at 3 Months After Pillar Implant
n=14 Participants
Arm 1- Pillar implant (Study group): 15 subjects undergo pillar implant surgery of the soft palate for the treatment of snoring. Mean change (after value-before value) in VAS score at 3 months after surgery was calculated.
Percent Change in Total-Imean After MIS
18.2 percentage of Total-Imean
Standard Error 6.1
-0.4 percentage of Total-Imean
Standard Error 5.6

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: baseline and 3 months following surgery

Population: A total of 28 participants completed the follow-up protocol and two participants dropped out after surgery.

Percent change (\[after value-before value\]/\[before value\]\*100) in Total-Fpeak (Hz) before and at 3 months after surgery was calculated.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Change in VAS Score at 3 Months After Radiofrequency
n=14 Participants
Arm 2- Radiofrequency (control group): 15 subjects undergo radiofrequency of the soft palate for the treatment of snoring. Mean change (after value-before value) in VAS score at 3 months after surgery was calculated.
Change in VAS Score at 3 Months After Pillar Implant
n=14 Participants
Arm 1- Pillar implant (Study group): 15 subjects undergo pillar implant surgery of the soft palate for the treatment of snoring. Mean change (after value-before value) in VAS score at 3 months after surgery was calculated.
Percent Change in Total-Fpeak After MIS
-12.1 percentage of Total-Fpeak
Standard Error 26.2
-6 percentage of Total-Fpeak
Standard Error 24.2

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: baseline and 3 months following surgery

Population: A total of 28 participants completed the follow-up protocol and two participants dropped out after surgery.

Percent change (\[after value-before value\]/\[before value\]\*100) in Total-Fmean (Hz) before and at 3 months after surgery was calculated.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Change in VAS Score at 3 Months After Radiofrequency
n=14 Participants
Arm 2- Radiofrequency (control group): 15 subjects undergo radiofrequency of the soft palate for the treatment of snoring. Mean change (after value-before value) in VAS score at 3 months after surgery was calculated.
Change in VAS Score at 3 Months After Pillar Implant
n=14 Participants
Arm 1- Pillar implant (Study group): 15 subjects undergo pillar implant surgery of the soft palate for the treatment of snoring. Mean change (after value-before value) in VAS score at 3 months after surgery was calculated.
Percent Change in Total-Fmean After MIS
-10.9 percentage of Total-Fmean
Standard Error 11.6
-0.9 percentage of Total-Fmean
Standard Error 8.7

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: baseline and 3 months following surgery

Population: A total of 28 participants completed the follow-up protocol and two participants dropped out after surgery.

Percent change (\[after value-before value\]/\[before value\]\*100) in B1-SI (event/hour) before and at 3 months after surgery was calculated.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Change in VAS Score at 3 Months After Radiofrequency
n=14 Participants
Arm 2- Radiofrequency (control group): 15 subjects undergo radiofrequency of the soft palate for the treatment of snoring. Mean change (after value-before value) in VAS score at 3 months after surgery was calculated.
Change in VAS Score at 3 Months After Pillar Implant
n=14 Participants
Arm 1- Pillar implant (Study group): 15 subjects undergo pillar implant surgery of the soft palate for the treatment of snoring. Mean change (after value-before value) in VAS score at 3 months after surgery was calculated.
Percent Change in B1-SI After MIS
-51.8 percentage of B1-SI
Standard Error 22.5
-1.7 percentage of B1-SI
Standard Error 29.5

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: baseline and 3 months following surgery

Population: A total of 28 participants completed the follow-up protocol and two participants dropped out after surgery.

Percent change (\[after value-before value\]/\[before value\]\*100) in B1-Imax (dB) before and at 3 months after surgery was calculated.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Change in VAS Score at 3 Months After Radiofrequency
n=14 Participants
Arm 2- Radiofrequency (control group): 15 subjects undergo radiofrequency of the soft palate for the treatment of snoring. Mean change (after value-before value) in VAS score at 3 months after surgery was calculated.
Change in VAS Score at 3 Months After Pillar Implant
n=14 Participants
Arm 1- Pillar implant (Study group): 15 subjects undergo pillar implant surgery of the soft palate for the treatment of snoring. Mean change (after value-before value) in VAS score at 3 months after surgery was calculated.
Percent Change in B1-Imax After MIS
5.6 percentage of B1-Imax
Standard Error 3.1
-9.4 percentage of B1-Imax
Standard Error 5.6

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: baseline and 3 months following surgery

Population: A total of 28 participants completed the follow-up protocol and two participants dropped out after surgery.

Percent change (\[after value-before value\]/\[before value\]\*100) in B1-Imean (dB) before and at 3 months after surgery was calculated.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Change in VAS Score at 3 Months After Radiofrequency
n=14 Participants
Arm 2- Radiofrequency (control group): 15 subjects undergo radiofrequency of the soft palate for the treatment of snoring. Mean change (after value-before value) in VAS score at 3 months after surgery was calculated.
Change in VAS Score at 3 Months After Pillar Implant
n=14 Participants
Arm 1- Pillar implant (Study group): 15 subjects undergo pillar implant surgery of the soft palate for the treatment of snoring. Mean change (after value-before value) in VAS score at 3 months after surgery was calculated.
Percent Change in B1-Imean After MIS
14.7 percentage of B1-Imean
Standard Error 5.5
-4.6 percentage of B1-Imean
Standard Error 5.3

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: baseline and 3 months following surgery

Population: A total of 28 participants completed the follow-up protocol and two participants dropped out after surgery.

Percent change (\[after value-before value\]/\[before value\]\*100) in B1-Fpeak (Hz) before and at 3 months after surgery was calculated.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Change in VAS Score at 3 Months After Radiofrequency
n=14 Participants
Arm 2- Radiofrequency (control group): 15 subjects undergo radiofrequency of the soft palate for the treatment of snoring. Mean change (after value-before value) in VAS score at 3 months after surgery was calculated.
Change in VAS Score at 3 Months After Pillar Implant
n=14 Participants
Arm 1- Pillar implant (Study group): 15 subjects undergo pillar implant surgery of the soft palate for the treatment of snoring. Mean change (after value-before value) in VAS score at 3 months after surgery was calculated.
Percent Change in B1-Fpeak After MIS
-33.5 percentage of B1-Fpeak
Standard Error 11.4
-10.9 percentage of B1-Fpeak
Standard Error 7.9

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: baseline and 3 months following surgery

Population: A total of 28 participants completed the follow-up protocol and two participants dropped out after surgery.

Percent change (\[after value-before value\]/\[before value\]\*100) in B1-Fmean (Hz) before and at 3 months after surgery was calculated.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Change in VAS Score at 3 Months After Radiofrequency
n=14 Participants
Arm 2- Radiofrequency (control group): 15 subjects undergo radiofrequency of the soft palate for the treatment of snoring. Mean change (after value-before value) in VAS score at 3 months after surgery was calculated.
Change in VAS Score at 3 Months After Pillar Implant
n=14 Participants
Arm 1- Pillar implant (Study group): 15 subjects undergo pillar implant surgery of the soft palate for the treatment of snoring. Mean change (after value-before value) in VAS score at 3 months after surgery was calculated.
Percent Change in B1-Fmean After MIS
-24.8 percentage of B1-Fmean
Standard Error 8.7
-1.6 percentage of B1-Fmean
Standard Error 8.4

POST_HOC outcome

Timeframe: baseline and 3 months following surgery

Population: A total of 28 participants completed the follow-up protocol and two participants dropped out after surgery.

Postoperative 'VAS \<=3' was traditionally defined as 'major response'. For a comprehensive profile of the outcomes, we further created another definition of 'fine response': 'postoperative VAS \<=5 plus SOS \>=60' post hoc in the present study. Accordingly, patients with a postoperative VAS \<=3 or postoperative VAS \<=5 plus SOS \>=60' group was considered to have a 'good response'. Therefore, we calculated the 'good response' rate in the radiofrequency and pillar implant groups.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Change in VAS Score at 3 Months After Radiofrequency
n=14 Participants
Arm 2- Radiofrequency (control group): 15 subjects undergo radiofrequency of the soft palate for the treatment of snoring. Mean change (after value-before value) in VAS score at 3 months after surgery was calculated.
Change in VAS Score at 3 Months After Pillar Implant
n=14 Participants
Arm 1- Pillar implant (Study group): 15 subjects undergo pillar implant surgery of the soft palate for the treatment of snoring. Mean change (after value-before value) in VAS score at 3 months after surgery was calculated.
Percentage of Good Response After MIS
29 percentage of Good Response
Standard Error 12.5
71 percentage of Good Response
Standard Error 12.5

Adverse Events

Radiofrequency

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Pillar Implant

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

Dr. Hsueh-Yu Li

Chang Gung Memorial Hospital

Phone: 886-3-3281200

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
  • Publication restrictions are in place