Trial Outcomes & Findings for Analysis of Snore Sound Following Minimal Invasive Surgery in Sleep-disordered Breathing Patients (NCT NCT01955083)
NCT ID: NCT01955083
Last Updated: 2014-08-18
Results Overview
The mean change in subjective snoring severity (VAS) at 3 months after MIS was the primary outcome measurement.
COMPLETED
NA
30 participants
baseline and 3 months following surgery
2014-08-18
Participant Flow
This study was a prospective, randomized, parallel-controlled trial in a tertiary medical center (Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan). Subjects were recruitment from October 1, 2010 to March 31, 2012.
The additional inclusion criteria were: a) length of the soft palate ≥ 2.5 cm and b) the width of the base of the uvular ≥ 1.0 cm. The exclusion criteria were: a) tonsillar hypertrophy; b) high tongue position; c) retrognathia; d) craniofacial abnormalities, e) trismus, f) allergy to anesthetic, and g) poorly controlled medical disorders.
Participant milestones
| Measure |
Radiofrequency
Arm 2- Radiofrequency (control group):
15 subjects undergo radiofrequency of the soft palate for the treatment of snoring. Subjects receive radiofrequency under local anesthesia as an outpatient procedure on sitting position. radiofrequency energy was delivered via a generator (Somnus® Model S2, Gyrus-ACMI Corporation, Maple Grove, MN, USA) with the power set to 10 watts and the maximal target temperature to 85°C. The needle electrode was inserted through the mucosa into the muscle layer at the entry points (approximately 1 cm below the hard palate-soft palate junction). The electrode was kept in place until 600 J had been delivered at the midline and 300 J at both para-midline sites (approximately 1 cm horizontal distance).
|
Pillar Implant
Arm 1- Pillar implant (Study group):
15 subjects undergo pillar implant surgery of the soft palate for the treatment of snoring. Subjects receive pillar implant of the soft palate under local anesthesia as an outpatient procedure on sitting position. Using the delivery tool of the pillar implant system, the mucosa of the soft palate close to the hard palate-soft palate junction (approximate 0.5 cm) was punctured in the midline. The needle was inserted to the uvular muscle and moved parallel to the curve of the soft palate towards the tip of the uvula. After reaching the insertion point, the implant was delivered steadily after which the needle was withdrawn. This process was repeated for the second and third implants in the bilateral para-midline with a 0.2 cm horizontal distance from the first implant.
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|---|---|---|
|
Overall Study
STARTED
|
15
|
15
|
|
Overall Study
COMPLETED
|
14
|
14
|
|
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
|
1
|
1
|
Reasons for withdrawal
| Measure |
Radiofrequency
Arm 2- Radiofrequency (control group):
15 subjects undergo radiofrequency of the soft palate for the treatment of snoring. Subjects receive radiofrequency under local anesthesia as an outpatient procedure on sitting position. radiofrequency energy was delivered via a generator (Somnus® Model S2, Gyrus-ACMI Corporation, Maple Grove, MN, USA) with the power set to 10 watts and the maximal target temperature to 85°C. The needle electrode was inserted through the mucosa into the muscle layer at the entry points (approximately 1 cm below the hard palate-soft palate junction). The electrode was kept in place until 600 J had been delivered at the midline and 300 J at both para-midline sites (approximately 1 cm horizontal distance).
|
Pillar Implant
Arm 1- Pillar implant (Study group):
15 subjects undergo pillar implant surgery of the soft palate for the treatment of snoring. Subjects receive pillar implant of the soft palate under local anesthesia as an outpatient procedure on sitting position. Using the delivery tool of the pillar implant system, the mucosa of the soft palate close to the hard palate-soft palate junction (approximate 0.5 cm) was punctured in the midline. The needle was inserted to the uvular muscle and moved parallel to the curve of the soft palate towards the tip of the uvula. After reaching the insertion point, the implant was delivered steadily after which the needle was withdrawn. This process was repeated for the second and third implants in the bilateral para-midline with a 0.2 cm horizontal distance from the first implant.
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|---|---|---|
|
Overall Study
Lost to Follow-up
|
1
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1
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Baseline Characteristics
Analysis of Snore Sound Following Minimal Invasive Surgery in Sleep-disordered Breathing Patients
Baseline characteristics by cohort
| Measure |
Radiofrequency
n=15 Participants
Arm 2- Radiofrequency (control group):
15 subjects undergo radiofrequency of the soft palate for the treatment of snoring.
|
Pillar Implant
n=15 Participants
Arm 1- Pillar implant (Study group):
15 subjects undergo pillar implant surgery of the soft palate for the treatment of snoring.
|
Total
n=30 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
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|---|---|---|---|
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Age, Categorical
<=18 years
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Age, Categorical
Between 18 and 65 years
|
15 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
15 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
30 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Age, Categorical
>=65 years
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Age, Continuous
|
35.1 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.3 • n=5 Participants
|
38.3 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.7 • n=7 Participants
|
36.7 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.6 • n=5 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Female
|
3 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
3 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Male
|
12 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
15 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
27 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Region of Enrollment
Taiwan
|
15 participants
n=5 Participants
|
15 participants
n=7 Participants
|
30 participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
VAS
|
6.8 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.0 • n=5 Participants
|
7.9 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.7 • n=7 Participants
|
7.3 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.9 • n=5 Participants
|
|
SOS
|
40.5 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.4 • n=5 Participants
|
40.4 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.8 • n=7 Participants
|
40.5 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.9 • n=5 Participants
|
|
Total-SI
|
116.4 event/hour
STANDARD_DEVIATION 148.6 • n=5 Participants
|
116.3 event/hour
STANDARD_DEVIATION 94.2 • n=7 Participants
|
116.3 event/hour
STANDARD_DEVIATION 122.2 • n=5 Participants
|
|
Total-Imax
|
57.7 dB
STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.2 • n=5 Participants
|
70.9 dB
STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.1 • n=7 Participants
|
64.3 dB
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.7 • n=5 Participants
|
|
Total-Imean
|
47.4 dB
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.6 • n=5 Participants
|
50.8 dB
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.0 • n=7 Participants
|
49.1 dB
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.6 • n=5 Participants
|
|
Total-Fpeak
|
617.3 Hz
STANDARD_DEVIATION 603.8 • n=5 Participants
|
543.3 Hz
STANDARD_DEVIATION 593.1 • n=7 Participants
|
580.3 Hz
STANDARD_DEVIATION 589.3 • n=5 Participants
|
|
Total-Fmean
|
102.3 Hz
STANDARD_DEVIATION 30.4 • n=5 Participants
|
10.4 Hz
STANDARD_DEVIATION 22.7 • n=7 Participants
|
101.9 Hz
STANDARD_DEVIATION 26.4 • n=5 Participants
|
|
B1-SI
|
113.3 event/hour
STANDARD_DEVIATION 148.9 • n=5 Participants
|
113.4 event/hour
STANDARD_DEVIATION 93.5 • n=7 Participants
|
113.3 event/hour
STANDARD_DEVIATION 122.2 • n=5 Participants
|
|
B1-Imax
|
53.9 dB
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.8 • n=5 Participants
|
63.8 dB
STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.9 • n=7 Participants
|
58.9 dB
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.1 • n=5 Participants
|
|
B1-Imean
|
44.8 dB
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.5 • n=5 Participants
|
47.2 dB
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.2 • n=7 Participants
|
46.0 dB
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.1 • n=5 Participants
|
|
B1-Fpeak
|
220.7 Hz
STANDARD_DEVIATION 54.8 • n=5 Participants
|
217.3 Hz
STANDARD_DEVIATION 39.2 • n=7 Participants
|
219.0 Hz
STANDARD_DEVIATION 46.9 • n=5 Participants
|
|
B1-Fmean
|
101.9 Hz
STANDARD_DEVIATION 28.4 • n=5 Participants
|
98.0 Hz
STANDARD_DEVIATION 24.1 • n=7 Participants
|
100.0 Hz
STANDARD_DEVIATION 26.0 • n=5 Participants
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: baseline and 3 months following surgeryPopulation: Twenty-eight patients completed the protocol; two study cases were not available for follow-up. Fourteen patients underwent radiofrequency surgery and 14 patients received pillar implant surgery. Accordingly, we analyzed the participants who completed the study protocol.
The mean change in subjective snoring severity (VAS) at 3 months after MIS was the primary outcome measurement.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Change in VAS Score at 3 Months After Radiofrequency
n=14 Participants
Arm 2- Radiofrequency (control group):
15 subjects undergo radiofrequency of the soft palate for the treatment of snoring. Mean change (after value-before value) in VAS score at 3 months after surgery was calculated.
|
Change in VAS Score at 3 Months After Pillar Implant
n=14 Participants
Arm 1- Pillar implant (Study group):
15 subjects undergo pillar implant surgery of the soft palate for the treatment of snoring. Mean change (after value-before value) in VAS score at 3 months after surgery was calculated.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Change in VAS Score After MIS
|
-1.4 units on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 7.2 • Interval -2.7 to -0.1
|
-3.3 units on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 9.0 • Interval -5.0 to -1.6
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: baseline and 3 months following surgeryPopulation: Twenty-eight participants completed the follow-up protocol and two participants dropped out after surgery.
Change in SOS score at 3 months after radiofrequency or pillar implant were calculated.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Change in VAS Score at 3 Months After Radiofrequency
n=14 Participants
Arm 2- Radiofrequency (control group):
15 subjects undergo radiofrequency of the soft palate for the treatment of snoring. Mean change (after value-before value) in VAS score at 3 months after surgery was calculated.
|
Change in VAS Score at 3 Months After Pillar Implant
n=14 Participants
Arm 1- Pillar implant (Study group):
15 subjects undergo pillar implant surgery of the soft palate for the treatment of snoring. Mean change (after value-before value) in VAS score at 3 months after surgery was calculated.
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|---|---|---|
|
Change in SOS Score After MIS
|
13.0 units on a scale
Interval 7.6 to 18.3
|
22.8 units on a scale
Interval 15.3 to 30.3
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: baseline and 3 months following surgeryPopulation: A total of 28 participants completed the follow-up protocol and two participants dropped out after surgery.
Percent change (\[after value-before value\]/\[before value\]\*100) in Total-SI (event/hour) before and at 3 months after surgery was calculated.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Change in VAS Score at 3 Months After Radiofrequency
n=14 Participants
Arm 2- Radiofrequency (control group):
15 subjects undergo radiofrequency of the soft palate for the treatment of snoring. Mean change (after value-before value) in VAS score at 3 months after surgery was calculated.
|
Change in VAS Score at 3 Months After Pillar Implant
n=14 Participants
Arm 1- Pillar implant (Study group):
15 subjects undergo pillar implant surgery of the soft palate for the treatment of snoring. Mean change (after value-before value) in VAS score at 3 months after surgery was calculated.
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|---|---|---|
|
Percent Change in Total-SI After MIS
|
-48.9 percentage of Total-SI
Standard Error 22.1
|
-5.9 percentage of Total-SI
Standard Error 25.6
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: baseline and 3 months following surgeryPopulation: A total of 28 participants completed the follow-up protocol and two participants dropped out after surgery.
Percent change (\[after value-before value\]/\[before value\]\*100) in Total-Imax (dB) before and at 3 months after surgery was calculated.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Change in VAS Score at 3 Months After Radiofrequency
n=14 Participants
Arm 2- Radiofrequency (control group):
15 subjects undergo radiofrequency of the soft palate for the treatment of snoring. Mean change (after value-before value) in VAS score at 3 months after surgery was calculated.
|
Change in VAS Score at 3 Months After Pillar Implant
n=14 Participants
Arm 1- Pillar implant (Study group):
15 subjects undergo pillar implant surgery of the soft palate for the treatment of snoring. Mean change (after value-before value) in VAS score at 3 months after surgery was calculated.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Percent Change in Total-Imax After MIS
|
11.3 percentage of Total-Imax
Standard Error 3.8
|
-6.8 percentage of Total-Imax
Standard Error 5.9
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: baseline and 3 months following surgeryPopulation: A total of 28 participants completed the follow-up protocol and two participants dropped out after surgery.
Percent change (\[after value-before value\]/\[before value\]\*100) in Total-Imean (dB) before and at 3 months after surgery was calculated.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Change in VAS Score at 3 Months After Radiofrequency
n=14 Participants
Arm 2- Radiofrequency (control group):
15 subjects undergo radiofrequency of the soft palate for the treatment of snoring. Mean change (after value-before value) in VAS score at 3 months after surgery was calculated.
|
Change in VAS Score at 3 Months After Pillar Implant
n=14 Participants
Arm 1- Pillar implant (Study group):
15 subjects undergo pillar implant surgery of the soft palate for the treatment of snoring. Mean change (after value-before value) in VAS score at 3 months after surgery was calculated.
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|---|---|---|
|
Percent Change in Total-Imean After MIS
|
18.2 percentage of Total-Imean
Standard Error 6.1
|
-0.4 percentage of Total-Imean
Standard Error 5.6
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: baseline and 3 months following surgeryPopulation: A total of 28 participants completed the follow-up protocol and two participants dropped out after surgery.
Percent change (\[after value-before value\]/\[before value\]\*100) in Total-Fpeak (Hz) before and at 3 months after surgery was calculated.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Change in VAS Score at 3 Months After Radiofrequency
n=14 Participants
Arm 2- Radiofrequency (control group):
15 subjects undergo radiofrequency of the soft palate for the treatment of snoring. Mean change (after value-before value) in VAS score at 3 months after surgery was calculated.
|
Change in VAS Score at 3 Months After Pillar Implant
n=14 Participants
Arm 1- Pillar implant (Study group):
15 subjects undergo pillar implant surgery of the soft palate for the treatment of snoring. Mean change (after value-before value) in VAS score at 3 months after surgery was calculated.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Percent Change in Total-Fpeak After MIS
|
-12.1 percentage of Total-Fpeak
Standard Error 26.2
|
-6 percentage of Total-Fpeak
Standard Error 24.2
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: baseline and 3 months following surgeryPopulation: A total of 28 participants completed the follow-up protocol and two participants dropped out after surgery.
Percent change (\[after value-before value\]/\[before value\]\*100) in Total-Fmean (Hz) before and at 3 months after surgery was calculated.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Change in VAS Score at 3 Months After Radiofrequency
n=14 Participants
Arm 2- Radiofrequency (control group):
15 subjects undergo radiofrequency of the soft palate for the treatment of snoring. Mean change (after value-before value) in VAS score at 3 months after surgery was calculated.
|
Change in VAS Score at 3 Months After Pillar Implant
n=14 Participants
Arm 1- Pillar implant (Study group):
15 subjects undergo pillar implant surgery of the soft palate for the treatment of snoring. Mean change (after value-before value) in VAS score at 3 months after surgery was calculated.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Percent Change in Total-Fmean After MIS
|
-10.9 percentage of Total-Fmean
Standard Error 11.6
|
-0.9 percentage of Total-Fmean
Standard Error 8.7
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: baseline and 3 months following surgeryPopulation: A total of 28 participants completed the follow-up protocol and two participants dropped out after surgery.
Percent change (\[after value-before value\]/\[before value\]\*100) in B1-SI (event/hour) before and at 3 months after surgery was calculated.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Change in VAS Score at 3 Months After Radiofrequency
n=14 Participants
Arm 2- Radiofrequency (control group):
15 subjects undergo radiofrequency of the soft palate for the treatment of snoring. Mean change (after value-before value) in VAS score at 3 months after surgery was calculated.
|
Change in VAS Score at 3 Months After Pillar Implant
n=14 Participants
Arm 1- Pillar implant (Study group):
15 subjects undergo pillar implant surgery of the soft palate for the treatment of snoring. Mean change (after value-before value) in VAS score at 3 months after surgery was calculated.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Percent Change in B1-SI After MIS
|
-51.8 percentage of B1-SI
Standard Error 22.5
|
-1.7 percentage of B1-SI
Standard Error 29.5
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: baseline and 3 months following surgeryPopulation: A total of 28 participants completed the follow-up protocol and two participants dropped out after surgery.
Percent change (\[after value-before value\]/\[before value\]\*100) in B1-Imax (dB) before and at 3 months after surgery was calculated.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Change in VAS Score at 3 Months After Radiofrequency
n=14 Participants
Arm 2- Radiofrequency (control group):
15 subjects undergo radiofrequency of the soft palate for the treatment of snoring. Mean change (after value-before value) in VAS score at 3 months after surgery was calculated.
|
Change in VAS Score at 3 Months After Pillar Implant
n=14 Participants
Arm 1- Pillar implant (Study group):
15 subjects undergo pillar implant surgery of the soft palate for the treatment of snoring. Mean change (after value-before value) in VAS score at 3 months after surgery was calculated.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Percent Change in B1-Imax After MIS
|
5.6 percentage of B1-Imax
Standard Error 3.1
|
-9.4 percentage of B1-Imax
Standard Error 5.6
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: baseline and 3 months following surgeryPopulation: A total of 28 participants completed the follow-up protocol and two participants dropped out after surgery.
Percent change (\[after value-before value\]/\[before value\]\*100) in B1-Imean (dB) before and at 3 months after surgery was calculated.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Change in VAS Score at 3 Months After Radiofrequency
n=14 Participants
Arm 2- Radiofrequency (control group):
15 subjects undergo radiofrequency of the soft palate for the treatment of snoring. Mean change (after value-before value) in VAS score at 3 months after surgery was calculated.
|
Change in VAS Score at 3 Months After Pillar Implant
n=14 Participants
Arm 1- Pillar implant (Study group):
15 subjects undergo pillar implant surgery of the soft palate for the treatment of snoring. Mean change (after value-before value) in VAS score at 3 months after surgery was calculated.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Percent Change in B1-Imean After MIS
|
14.7 percentage of B1-Imean
Standard Error 5.5
|
-4.6 percentage of B1-Imean
Standard Error 5.3
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: baseline and 3 months following surgeryPopulation: A total of 28 participants completed the follow-up protocol and two participants dropped out after surgery.
Percent change (\[after value-before value\]/\[before value\]\*100) in B1-Fpeak (Hz) before and at 3 months after surgery was calculated.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Change in VAS Score at 3 Months After Radiofrequency
n=14 Participants
Arm 2- Radiofrequency (control group):
15 subjects undergo radiofrequency of the soft palate for the treatment of snoring. Mean change (after value-before value) in VAS score at 3 months after surgery was calculated.
|
Change in VAS Score at 3 Months After Pillar Implant
n=14 Participants
Arm 1- Pillar implant (Study group):
15 subjects undergo pillar implant surgery of the soft palate for the treatment of snoring. Mean change (after value-before value) in VAS score at 3 months after surgery was calculated.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Percent Change in B1-Fpeak After MIS
|
-33.5 percentage of B1-Fpeak
Standard Error 11.4
|
-10.9 percentage of B1-Fpeak
Standard Error 7.9
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: baseline and 3 months following surgeryPopulation: A total of 28 participants completed the follow-up protocol and two participants dropped out after surgery.
Percent change (\[after value-before value\]/\[before value\]\*100) in B1-Fmean (Hz) before and at 3 months after surgery was calculated.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Change in VAS Score at 3 Months After Radiofrequency
n=14 Participants
Arm 2- Radiofrequency (control group):
15 subjects undergo radiofrequency of the soft palate for the treatment of snoring. Mean change (after value-before value) in VAS score at 3 months after surgery was calculated.
|
Change in VAS Score at 3 Months After Pillar Implant
n=14 Participants
Arm 1- Pillar implant (Study group):
15 subjects undergo pillar implant surgery of the soft palate for the treatment of snoring. Mean change (after value-before value) in VAS score at 3 months after surgery was calculated.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Percent Change in B1-Fmean After MIS
|
-24.8 percentage of B1-Fmean
Standard Error 8.7
|
-1.6 percentage of B1-Fmean
Standard Error 8.4
|
POST_HOC outcome
Timeframe: baseline and 3 months following surgeryPopulation: A total of 28 participants completed the follow-up protocol and two participants dropped out after surgery.
Postoperative 'VAS \<=3' was traditionally defined as 'major response'. For a comprehensive profile of the outcomes, we further created another definition of 'fine response': 'postoperative VAS \<=5 plus SOS \>=60' post hoc in the present study. Accordingly, patients with a postoperative VAS \<=3 or postoperative VAS \<=5 plus SOS \>=60' group was considered to have a 'good response'. Therefore, we calculated the 'good response' rate in the radiofrequency and pillar implant groups.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Change in VAS Score at 3 Months After Radiofrequency
n=14 Participants
Arm 2- Radiofrequency (control group):
15 subjects undergo radiofrequency of the soft palate for the treatment of snoring. Mean change (after value-before value) in VAS score at 3 months after surgery was calculated.
|
Change in VAS Score at 3 Months After Pillar Implant
n=14 Participants
Arm 1- Pillar implant (Study group):
15 subjects undergo pillar implant surgery of the soft palate for the treatment of snoring. Mean change (after value-before value) in VAS score at 3 months after surgery was calculated.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Percentage of Good Response After MIS
|
29 percentage of Good Response
Standard Error 12.5
|
71 percentage of Good Response
Standard Error 12.5
|
Adverse Events
Radiofrequency
Pillar Implant
Serious adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Other adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Additional Information
Results disclosure agreements
- Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
- Publication restrictions are in place