Study Results
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
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COMPLETED
NA
72 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2005-07-31
2006-07-31
Brief Summary
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Detailed Description
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Conditions
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Keywords
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Study Design
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NON_RANDOMIZED
CROSSOVER
BASIC_SCIENCE
DOUBLE
Study Groups
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Blueberry Juice
Commercially prepared single strength blueberry juice which was composed of a 50:50 blend of two highbush blueberry species (Vaccinium corymbosum L. 'Rubel' and V. ashei Reade 'TifBlue'). Volunteers consumed 300 mls of juice/day (247-271 mg anthocyanins (as C3G) daily) while on this intervention, for either 3 weeks (Blueberry Juice S2) or 12 weeks (Blueberry Juice L1).
Blueberry Juice S2
Blueberry Juice S2 was commercially prepared single strength blueberry juice composed of a 50:50 blend of Rubel (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) and Tifblue (Vaccinium ashei Reade) cultivars. Colorimetric analysis showed that S2 juice contained 6.04 (SD=0.20) mg anthocyanins (C3G) eq/g dry mass.
Blueberry Juice L1
Blueberry Juice L1 was commercially prepared single strength blueberry juice composed of a 50:50 blend of Rubel (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) and Tifblue (Vaccinium ashei Reade) cultivars. Colorimetric analysis showed that L1 juice contained 6.83 (SD=0.20) mg cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalents (C3GE)/g dry mass at the start of the study, declining to 5.52 (SD=0.09) mg C3GE/g dry mass after 3 months refrigerated storage.
Blueberry Capsules
Commercially prepared single strength blueberry juice which was composed of a 50:50 blend of two highbush blueberry species (Vaccinium corymbosum L. 'Rubel' and V. ashei Reade 'TifBlue')was freeze dried to a powder and encapsulated in gelatin capsules (Blueberry Capsules S2). Volunteers consumed 3 capsules/daily (7.11mg anthocyanin (as C3G eq) for 3 weeks.
Blueberry Capsules S2
Commercially prepared single strength blueberry juice composed of a 50:50 blend of Rubel (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) and Tifblue (Vaccinium ashei Reade) cultivars was freeze dried then powdered and encapsulated in gelatin capsules. Colorimetric analysis indicated an anthocyanin concentration in the powder of 2.37(SD=0.18) mg C3G eq per capsule.
Placebo
Volunteers consumed in S2 three placebo capsules daily for 3 weeks. In L1 volunteers consumed 300ml placebo juice for twelve weeks. Placebo products contained no anthocyanins.
Placebo Capsule S2
Placebo Capsule S2 (containing no anthocyanins) were prepared by freeze drying red beets and grinding them to fine powder before encapsulating in gelatine capsules. Red beets do not contain anthocyanins.
Placebo Juice L1
Placebo juice was prepared from water, sugars, citric acid, sodium citrate, and artificial colors and flavours, then pasteurized. The placebo juice contains no anthocyanins.
Washout (S2 and L1)
Washout periods involved no study products. Washout was 3 weeks in S2 and or 8 weeks (L1) in duration.
No interventions assigned to this group
Interventions
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Blueberry Juice S2
Blueberry Juice S2 was commercially prepared single strength blueberry juice composed of a 50:50 blend of Rubel (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) and Tifblue (Vaccinium ashei Reade) cultivars. Colorimetric analysis showed that S2 juice contained 6.04 (SD=0.20) mg anthocyanins (C3G) eq/g dry mass.
Blueberry Capsules S2
Commercially prepared single strength blueberry juice composed of a 50:50 blend of Rubel (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) and Tifblue (Vaccinium ashei Reade) cultivars was freeze dried then powdered and encapsulated in gelatin capsules. Colorimetric analysis indicated an anthocyanin concentration in the powder of 2.37(SD=0.18) mg C3G eq per capsule.
Placebo Capsule S2
Placebo Capsule S2 (containing no anthocyanins) were prepared by freeze drying red beets and grinding them to fine powder before encapsulating in gelatine capsules. Red beets do not contain anthocyanins.
Placebo Juice L1
Placebo juice was prepared from water, sugars, citric acid, sodium citrate, and artificial colors and flavours, then pasteurized. The placebo juice contains no anthocyanins.
Blueberry Juice L1
Blueberry Juice L1 was commercially prepared single strength blueberry juice composed of a 50:50 blend of Rubel (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) and Tifblue (Vaccinium ashei Reade) cultivars. Colorimetric analysis showed that L1 juice contained 6.83 (SD=0.20) mg cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalents (C3GE)/g dry mass at the start of the study, declining to 5.52 (SD=0.09) mg C3GE/g dry mass after 3 months refrigerated storage.
Other Intervention Names
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* visual contrast sensitivity within normal range at 2.5m as tested on Visteck 3000
* stereo acuity better than 80 seconds of arc on Frisby stereoacuity test
* no ocular history other than refractive glasses
* no family history of eye disease
Exclusion Criteria
* evidence in subject (upon examination) of amblyopia (dimness in vision), manifest strabismus (unable to focus both eyes on one spot), or anisotropia (non-uniform responsiveness between both eyes).
* intraocular pressure above 21mmHG from an average of three measures using Mentor tonopen-XL
35 Years
65 Years
ALL
Yes
Sponsors
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Dalhousie University
OTHER
U.S. Highbush Blueberry Council
OTHER
Atlantic Food and Horticulture Research Center
OTHER_GOV
Responsible Party
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Wilhelmina Kalt
Scientist
Principal Investigators
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Wilhelmina Kalt, PhD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
Francois Tremblay, PhD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Dalhousie University and IWK Health Center
Locations
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Atlantic Food and Horicultural Research Center
Kentville, Nova Scotia, Canada
Countries
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References
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Kalt W, McDonald JE, Fillmore SA, Tremblay F. Blueberry effects on dark vision and recovery after photobleaching: placebo-controlled crossover studies. J Agric Food Chem. 2014 Nov 19;62(46):11180-9. doi: 10.1021/jf503689c. Epub 2014 Nov 6.
Other Identifiers
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Blueberries and Vision
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id