Avoiding Diabetes After Pregnancy Trial in Moms

NCT ID: NCT01918345

Last Updated: 2023-03-09

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: COMPLETED
• Clinical Phase: NA
• Total Enrollment: 345 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2014-07-31
• Study Completion Date: 2023-01-31

Brief Summary

Mothers with previous gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) represent a population at higher risk of future Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which is preventable through lifestyle modification. Yet, no formal prevention programs exist for this population. The postpartum period is a particularly vulnerable period for weight gain and unhealthy lifestyle in new mothers due to their competing demands of childcare and breastfeeding. This important time period may thus represent a 'window of opportunity' for women with previous GDM, whereby interventions to improve their lifestyle can be offered. Eligible women will be recruited during pregnancy from four hospitals and invited to participate in a home-based lifestyle intervention program starting from three to six months postpartum. This pilot study will investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of a physical activity and diet intervention. It will also explore the relationship between behaviour change and metabolic markers of T2DM in this high-risk population. Investigators hypothesize that the ADAPT-M program will be feasible and will be associated with an improvement in metabolic T2DM markers, as well as a high rate of satisfaction, adherence, and effectiveness.

Detailed Description

Women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are a readily identifiable population at high risk for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) to whom preventive interventions can be offered. There is evidence that T2DM can be prevented with lifestyle modification in older high-risk risk groups. However, preventive trials for women with recent GDM have had limited success in preventing T2DM, in part because they have failed to produce significant behaviour change. New mothers are a unique population with many competing demands and barriers to behaviour change. Home-based health coaching programs may be more effective in women with recent GDM, as they provide greater flexibility, goal-setting, and frequent follow-up, and have been associated with greater adherence and weight loss. Low glycemic-index diets are also associated with greater adherence and improved glycemia, but data are lacking in women with recent GDM.

The ADAPT-M (Avoiding Diabetes after Pregnancy Trial in moms) study will address these gaps by evaluating a home-based exercise and diet intervention that has been designed specifically for new mothers with recent GDM. An internationally renowned team of investigators and collaborators was brought together to create this intervention. This trial has been carefully designed based on our previous work, an extensive literature review, and the input from co-investigators with expertise in diabetes research, gestational diabetes, prenatal and postpartum care, diabetes education programs, home-based exercise coaching, nutrition and diet interventions, and clinical trials. Investigators will work closely with the Clinical Trials Unit of the Applied Health Research Centre (AHRC) of University of Toronto to develop, implement, and evaluate this trial.

This study is important because it addresses a crucial missed opportunity for diabetes prevention in a well-defined, high-risk population. This intervention is unique because it has been specifically tailored to optimize behaviour change by meeting the needs of new mothers. The findings from this study will have implications for diabetes caregivers, policy-makers, and researchers. This work will benefit women with prior GDM and their families by offering a much-needed effective and sustainable program aimed at reducing their risk of diabetes and improving long-term health.

Conditions

Diabetes

Study Design

• Allocation Method: RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: FACTORIAL
• Primary Study Purpose: PREVENTION
• Blinding Strategy: NONE

Study Groups

Standard Care (Control)

This group will receive a one-on-one counseling session during one visit with a Certified Diabetes Educator (CDE), who will provide standard advice on diabetes prevention and healthy lifestyle. They will receive a booklet on exercise and healthy diet as per current Canadian guidelines for healthy eating. This group will also receive a check-in telephone call from the Study Coordinator, half-way through the study. This group will not receive motivational interviewing, health coaching on low GI diet and/or exercise, or additional telephone follow-up.

Group Type: NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Diet & Physical Activity Program with Health Coach

Participants assigned to this arm will receive a combination of the home-based physical activity program with health coach and the home-based low-GI diet program with health coach, as described in the respective individual arms. The Health Coach for this group will be a CDE.

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Home-based Physical Activity Program with Health Coach

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

This arm will receive either a trained CDE or R. Kin as a health coach and a home-based physical activity program for 6 months. Health coaches will provide one-on-one motivational interviewing (MI) and goal-setting, and will account for baseline fitness, resources, childcare, and breastfeeding, to be undertaken at participants' homes or in their communities. Prescriptions will be based on minimum recommendations for moderate-intensity exercise for postpartum women. Participants will maintain at least 150 min/week of moderate activity at a target heart rate of 30-80% with a perceived exertion of 12-15 on the Borg Scale. They will also be counseled on resistance training and pelvic floor exercises. They will receive regular telephone-based coaching to advance goals. Phone-calls will be administered on a weekly basis during weeks 2-8 of the intervention, biweekly basis on weeks 10-12, and monthly basis on weeks 16-24.

Home-based Low-GI Diet Program with Health Coach

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

This arm will receive a trained CDE health coach and a home-based low-GI diet program for 6 months. Health coaches will provide baseline education during a one-on-one visit and use MI to introduce the dietary intervention. Low GI education will be layered on top of current standard care, which asks women to consume a diet comprised of 45-65% carbohydrates (25 g of dietary fibre), 10-30% protein, and 25-35% fat. As per standard care at the DEPs, this intake will be divided into 3 meals and 2 to 4 snacks. Resources for women will include a low GI dietary food substitution list, a recipe booklet, and a tip sheet on how to lower dietary GI. Women will receive regular telephone-based coaching to advance goals. Phone-calls will be administered on a weekly basis during weeks 2-8 of the intervention, biweekly basis on weeks 10-12, and monthly basis on weeks 16-24.

Physical Activity Program with Health Coach

Participants will be counseled to follow physical activity recommendations for Canadians, which is at least 150 minutes of moderate physical activity per week. Participants will be asked to participate in aerobic, strength training and stretching activities. Health Coaches will use motivational interviewing, goal-setting and problem solving to assist participants in meeting their physical activity goals. More participants will be randomized to this group and the participants will either have CDE or a Registered Kinesiologist (R. Kin) as their health coach.

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Home-based Physical Activity Program with Health Coach

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

This arm will receive either a trained CDE or R. Kin as a health coach and a home-based physical activity program for 6 months. Health coaches will provide one-on-one motivational interviewing (MI) and goal-setting, and will account for baseline fitness, resources, childcare, and breastfeeding, to be undertaken at participants' homes or in their communities. Prescriptions will be based on minimum recommendations for moderate-intensity exercise for postpartum women. Participants will maintain at least 150 min/week of moderate activity at a target heart rate of 30-80% with a perceived exertion of 12-15 on the Borg Scale. They will also be counseled on resistance training and pelvic floor exercises. They will receive regular telephone-based coaching to advance goals. Phone-calls will be administered on a weekly basis during weeks 2-8 of the intervention, biweekly basis on weeks 10-12, and monthly basis on weeks 16-24.

Diet Program with Health Coach

Participants will be counseled to follow recommendations for Canadians on healthy eating (Canada's Food Guide and Space on Your Plate. Low GI education will be layered on top of Canada's Food Guide recommendations. The goal for participants in the diet group is to lower their dietary GI by 8-10 units. Health Coaches will use motivational interviewing, goal-setting and problem solving to assist participants in meeting their dietary and low GI goals. The health coach for this group will be a CDE.

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Home-based Low-GI Diet Program with Health Coach

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

This arm will receive a trained CDE health coach and a home-based low-GI diet program for 6 months. Health coaches will provide baseline education during a one-on-one visit and use MI to introduce the dietary intervention. Low GI education will be layered on top of current standard care, which asks women to consume a diet comprised of 45-65% carbohydrates (25 g of dietary fibre), 10-30% protein, and 25-35% fat. As per standard care at the DEPs, this intake will be divided into 3 meals and 2 to 4 snacks. Resources for women will include a low GI dietary food substitution list, a recipe booklet, and a tip sheet on how to lower dietary GI. Women will receive regular telephone-based coaching to advance goals. Phone-calls will be administered on a weekly basis during weeks 2-8 of the intervention, biweekly basis on weeks 10-12, and monthly basis on weeks 16-24.

Interventions

Home-based Physical Activity Program with Health Coach

This arm will receive either a trained CDE or R. Kin as a health coach and a home-based physical activity program for 6 months. Health coaches will provide one-on-one motivational interviewing (MI) and goal-setting, and will account for baseline fitness, resources, childcare, and breastfeeding, to be undertaken at participants' homes or in their communities. Prescriptions will be based on minimum recommendations for moderate-intensity exercise for postpartum women. Participants will maintain at least 150 min/week of moderate activity at a target heart rate of 30-80% with a perceived exertion of 12-15 on the Borg Scale. They will also be counseled on resistance training and pelvic floor exercises. They will receive regular telephone-based coaching to advance goals. Phone-calls will be administered on a weekly basis during weeks 2-8 of the intervention, biweekly basis on weeks 10-12, and monthly basis on weeks 16-24.

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Home-based Low-GI Diet Program with Health Coach

This arm will receive a trained CDE health coach and a home-based low-GI diet program for 6 months. Health coaches will provide baseline education during a one-on-one visit and use MI to introduce the dietary intervention. Low GI education will be layered on top of current standard care, which asks women to consume a diet comprised of 45-65% carbohydrates (25 g of dietary fibre), 10-30% protein, and 25-35% fat. As per standard care at the DEPs, this intake will be divided into 3 meals and 2 to 4 snacks. Resources for women will include a low GI dietary food substitution list, a recipe booklet, and a tip sheet on how to lower dietary GI. Women will receive regular telephone-based coaching to advance goals. Phone-calls will be administered on a weekly basis during weeks 2-8 of the intervention, biweekly basis on weeks 10-12, and monthly basis on weeks 16-24.

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• 18 years of age or older
• Physician-diagnosed Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) during most recent pregnancy based on Canadian Diabetes Association (CDA) diagnostic criteria
• 3-6 months postpartum after a GDM pregnancy
• During GDM pregnancy, followed by a Diabetes In Pregnancy clinic at one of study sites (i.e. Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Mount Sinai Hospital, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto East General Hospital)
• English-speaking

Exclusion Criteria

• Current diabetes (Type I or Type II) and/or treatment with any anti-diabetic therapy
• Any major illness that may interfere with participation
• Any obstetrical or fetal complication that may interfere with participation
• Involvement in any other clinical trial requiring drug therapy
• History of cardiovascular disease or ECG abnormalities on stress echo cardiogram
• New pregnancy within postpartum period
• Any illness affecting carbohydrate digestion and/or metabolism including kidney disease, hepatitis, HIV/AIDS, celiac disease
• Any other factor likely to limit study adherence, in the opinion of the principal investigator
• (For the Effectiveness Phase ONLY) Participation in the Pilot Phase of the ADAPT-M Study

• Minimum Eligible Age: 18 Years
• Eligible Sex: FEMALE
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Sponsors

The Lawson Foundation

OTHER

Sponsor Role: collaborator

Diabetes Canada

OTHER

Sponsor Role: collaborator

Unity Health Toronto

OTHER

Sponsor Role: collaborator

Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre

OTHER

Sponsor Role: collaborator

Mount Sinai Hospital, Canada

OTHER

Sponsor Role: collaborator

Michael Garron Hospital

OTHER

Sponsor Role: collaborator

Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)

OTHER_GOV

Sponsor Role: collaborator

Scarborough Rouge Hospital

OTHER

Sponsor Role: collaborator

J.P. Bickell Foundation

UNKNOWN

Sponsor Role: collaborator

Women's College Hospital

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Lorraine Lipscombe

Endocrinologist, Research Scientist

Responsibility Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

Lorraine L Lipscombe, MD, MSc, FRCPC

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Women's College Hospital

Locations

Scarborough Health Network

Scarborough Village, Ontario, Canada

Michael Garron Hospital

Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre

Toronto, Ontario, Canada

St. Michael's Hospital

Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Mount Sinai Hospital

Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Countries

Canada

Other Identifiers

ADAPT2013

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id