Trial Outcomes & Findings for A Web-based Bystander Education Program (NCT NCT01903876)
NCT ID: NCT01903876
Last Updated: 2014-07-23
Results Overview
This scale is the Reactions to Offensive Language and Behavior (ROLB) index that measures whether or not men confronted inappropriate behaviors of other men. We used the 7-item self-behavior subscale plus an additional 8 items, which directly reflected the content of RealConsent. A series of 15 potential intervening situations were presented and participants were asked to indicate whether they had experienced this situation in past 6 months (yes/no), and whether they had intervened (yes/no). The scale ranged from 0% (did not intervene anytime) to 100% (intervened every time).
Recruitment status
COMPLETED
Study phase
NA
Target enrollment
743 participants
Primary outcome timeframe
6 months
Results posted on
2014-07-23
Participant Flow
Recruitment took place between Feb 2010 - April 2010.
N=368 participants completed the eligibility screener and provided informed consent in the study, but failed to complete the baseline assessment. Because our randomization occurred following completion of baseline assessment, these participants were not randomized to groups and were not included.
Participant milestones
| Measure |
General Health Promotion
A 3-hour general mental health web-based program.
|
Bystander & Sexual Violence Prevention
A 3-hour web-based program designed to teach male college student bystanders to intervene.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Baseline to Post-Intervention Period
STARTED
|
367
|
376
|
|
Baseline to Post-Intervention Period
COMPLETED
|
183
|
268
|
|
Baseline to Post-Intervention Period
NOT COMPLETED
|
184
|
108
|
|
Six-Month Follow-up Period
STARTED
|
183
|
268
|
|
Six-Month Follow-up Period
COMPLETED
|
92
|
123
|
|
Six-Month Follow-up Period
NOT COMPLETED
|
91
|
145
|
Reasons for withdrawal
| Measure |
General Health Promotion
A 3-hour general mental health web-based program.
|
Bystander & Sexual Violence Prevention
A 3-hour web-based program designed to teach male college student bystanders to intervene.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Baseline to Post-Intervention Period
Lost to Follow-up
|
184
|
108
|
|
Six-Month Follow-up Period
Lost to Follow-up
|
91
|
145
|
Baseline Characteristics
A Web-based Bystander Education Program
Baseline characteristics by cohort
| Measure |
General Health Promotion
n=367 Participants
A 3-hour general mental health web-based program.
General Health Promotion: This general health promotion web-based program is 3-hours and provides a range of activities related to reducing day-to day stress and alleviating anxiety through meditation and exercise.
|
Bystander & Sexual Violence Prevention
n=376 Participants
A 3-hour web-based program designed to teach male college student bystanders to intervene.
Bystander \& Sexual Violence Prevention: This 3-hour web-based program consists of six 30-minute modules that are interactive and range in number of segments (1-14) and types of activities. Each of the modules involves interactivity, didactic activities and two episodes of a serial drama, which allows for the modeling of positive behaviors and illustrate both positive and negative outcome expectations for intervening and for perpetrating abuse against women. Behaviors modeled include communicating with female sex partners, obtaining informed consent to have sex, and intervening to prevent abuse from taking place.
|
Total
n=743 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Age, Continuous
|
20.33 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.66 • n=93 Participants
|
20.42 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.69 • n=4 Participants
|
20.38 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.67 • n=27 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Female
|
0 Participants
n=93 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=27 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Male
|
367 Participants
n=93 Participants
|
376 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
743 Participants
n=27 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
|
11 Participants
n=93 Participants
|
12 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
23 Participants
n=27 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
|
73 Participants
n=93 Participants
|
73 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
146 Participants
n=27 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
|
0 Participants
n=93 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=27 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
|
83 Participants
n=93 Participants
|
83 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
166 Participants
n=27 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
|
200 Participants
n=93 Participants
|
208 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
408 Participants
n=27 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
|
0 Participants
n=93 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=27 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
|
0 Participants
n=93 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=27 Participants
|
|
Region of Enrollment
United States
|
367 participants
n=93 Participants
|
376 participants
n=4 Participants
|
743 participants
n=27 Participants
|
|
Frequency of vaginal intercourse
|
8.38 vaginal sex acts/60 days
STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.03 • n=93 Participants
|
7.55 vaginal sex acts/60 days
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.75 • n=4 Participants
|
7.96 vaginal sex acts/60 days
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.89 • n=27 Participants
|
|
Relationship status
Single
|
270 participants
n=93 Participants
|
289 participants
n=4 Participants
|
559 participants
n=27 Participants
|
|
Relationship status
Married or has a partner
|
6 participants
n=93 Participants
|
1 participants
n=4 Participants
|
7 participants
n=27 Participants
|
|
Relationship status
Engaged or committed
|
87 participants
n=93 Participants
|
82 participants
n=4 Participants
|
169 participants
n=27 Participants
|
|
Relationship status
Separated
|
0 participants
n=93 Participants
|
0 participants
n=4 Participants
|
0 participants
n=27 Participants
|
|
Relationship status
Divorced
|
1 participants
n=93 Participants
|
0 participants
n=4 Participants
|
1 participants
n=27 Participants
|
|
Legal knowledge of rape/assault
|
4.61 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.78 • n=93 Participants
|
4.54 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.73 • n=4 Participants
|
4.57 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.75 • n=27 Participants
|
|
Knowledge of informed consent to have sex
|
11.46 score on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.49 • n=93 Participants
|
11.69 score on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.44 • n=4 Participants
|
11.58 score on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.46 • n=27 Participants
|
|
Self-efficacy to intervene
|
87.88 score on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 23.6 • n=93 Participants
|
88.74 score on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 20.93 • n=4 Participants
|
88.32 score on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 22.27 • n=27 Participants
|
|
Intentions to intervene
|
52.09 score on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.78 • n=93 Participants
|
52.68 score on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.85 • n=4 Participants
|
52.39 score on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.3 • n=27 Participants
|
|
Outcome expectancies for intervening
|
28.26 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.86 • n=93 Participants
|
28.72 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.33 • n=4 Participants
|
28.49 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.6 • n=27 Participants
|
|
Self-comfort with men's inappropriate behaviors
|
33.55 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.71 • n=93 Participants
|
32.68 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.82 • n=4 Participants
|
33.11 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.76 • n=27 Participants
|
|
Rape myth acceptance
|
36.69 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.29 • n=93 Participants
|
35.88 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.43 • n=4 Participants
|
36.28 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.36 • n=27 Participants
|
|
Outcome expectancies for engaging in rape
|
58.02 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.17 • n=93 Participants
|
58.71 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.76 • n=4 Participants
|
58.37 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.96 • n=27 Participants
|
|
Empathy for rape victims
|
68.78 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.79 • n=93 Participants
|
68.96 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.66 • n=4 Participants
|
68.87 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.72 • n=27 Participants
|
|
Hostility towards women
|
3.89 scales on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.54 • n=93 Participants
|
3.42 scales on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.43 • n=4 Participants
|
3.66 scales on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.49 • n=27 Participants
|
|
Date rape attitudes
|
128.45 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 25.84 • n=93 Participants
|
128.85 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 24.07 • n=4 Participants
|
128.65 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 24.95 • n=27 Participants
|
|
Hyper-gender ideology
|
46.38 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.3 • n=93 Participants
|
46.59 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.28 • n=4 Participants
|
46.49 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.28 • n=27 Participants
|
|
Sexual coercion perpetration
|
.76 score on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.03 • n=93 Participants
|
.53 score on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.07 • n=4 Participants
|
.64 score on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.19 • n=27 Participants
|
|
Prosocial intervening
|
72 percent scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 24 • n=93 Participants
|
72 percent scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 25 • n=4 Participants
|
72 percent scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 24 • n=27 Participants
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: 6 monthsThis scale is the Reactions to Offensive Language and Behavior (ROLB) index that measures whether or not men confronted inappropriate behaviors of other men. We used the 7-item self-behavior subscale plus an additional 8 items, which directly reflected the content of RealConsent. A series of 15 potential intervening situations were presented and participants were asked to indicate whether they had experienced this situation in past 6 months (yes/no), and whether they had intervened (yes/no). The scale ranged from 0% (did not intervene anytime) to 100% (intervened every time).
Outcome measures
| Measure |
General Health Promotion
n=92 Participants
A 3-hour general mental health web-based program.
General Health Promotion: This general health promotion web-based program is 3-hours and provides a range of activities related to reducing day-to day stress and alleviating anxiety through meditation and exercise.
|
Bystander & Sexual Violence Prevention
n=123 Participants
A 3-hour web-based program designed to teach male college student bystanders to intervene.
Bystander \& Sexual Violence Prevention: This 3-hour web-based program consists of six 30-minute modules that are interactive and range in number of segments (1-14) and types of activities. Each of the modules involves interactivity, didactic activities and two episodes of a serial drama, which allows for the modeling of positive behaviors and illustrate both positive and negative outcome expectations for intervening and for perpetrating abuse against women. Behaviors modeled include communicating with female sex partners, obtaining informed consent to have sex, and intervening to prevent abuse from taking place.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Prosocial Intervening Behavior
|
72.2 percent score on a scale
Standard Error .031
|
81.1 percent score on a scale
Standard Error .028
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 6 monthsPopulation: For some of the variables in this analysis, there were missing data. ANCOVA performed in SPSS will use a listwise deletion. This resulted in n=87 and n=115 for this analysis.
This scale is the Conflict Tactics Scale revised, Sexual Coercion Subscale and assessed the number of sexually coercive/violent behaviors engaged in during the past 6 months. The index ranges from 0 (no engagement in any sexual violence) to 7 (engaged in all 7 sexually violent behaviors).
Outcome measures
| Measure |
General Health Promotion
n=87 Participants
A 3-hour general mental health web-based program.
General Health Promotion: This general health promotion web-based program is 3-hours and provides a range of activities related to reducing day-to day stress and alleviating anxiety through meditation and exercise.
|
Bystander & Sexual Violence Prevention
n=115 Participants
A 3-hour web-based program designed to teach male college student bystanders to intervene.
Bystander \& Sexual Violence Prevention: This 3-hour web-based program consists of six 30-minute modules that are interactive and range in number of segments (1-14) and types of activities. Each of the modules involves interactivity, didactic activities and two episodes of a serial drama, which allows for the modeling of positive behaviors and illustrate both positive and negative outcome expectations for intervening and for perpetrating abuse against women. Behaviors modeled include communicating with female sex partners, obtaining informed consent to have sex, and intervening to prevent abuse from taking place.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Sexual Violence Perpetration
|
.498 score on a scale
Standard Error .087
|
.258 score on a scale
Standard Error .075
|
Adverse Events
General Health Promotion
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Bystander & Sexual Violence Prevention
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Serious adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Other adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Additional Information
Results disclosure agreements
- Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
- Publication restrictions are in place