Standard or Comprehensive Radiation Therapy in Treating Patients With Early-Stage Breast Cancer Previously Treated With Chemotherapy and Surgery
NCT ID: NCT01872975
Last Updated: 2023-12-27
Study Results
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
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ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING
NA
1636 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2013-08-31
2028-08-31
Brief Summary
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Detailed Description
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To evaluate whether the addition of chest wall + regional nodal radiation therapy (XRT) after mastectomy or breast + regional nodal XRT after breast conserving surgery will significantly reduce the rate of events for invasive breast cancer recurrence-free interval (IBC-RFI) in patients who present with histologically positive axillary nodes but convert to histologically negative axillary nodes following neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:
I. To evaluate whether the addition of chest wall + regional nodal XRT after mastectomy or breast + regional nodal XRT after breast conserving surgery will significantly prolong overall survival (OS) in patients who present with histologically positive axillary nodes but convert to histologically negative axillary nodes following neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
II. To evaluate whether the addition of chest wall + regional nodal XRT after mastectomy or breast + regional nodal XRT after breast conserving surgery will significantly reduce the rates of events for local-regional recurrence-free interval (LRRFI) in patients who present with histologically positive axillary nodes but convert to histologically negative axillary nodes following neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
III. To evaluate whether the addition of chest wall + regional nodal XRT after mastectomy or breast + regional nodal XRT after breast conserving surgery will significantly reduce the rate of events for distant recurrence-free interval (DRFI) in patients who present with histologically positive axillary nodes but convert to histologically negative axillary nodes following neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
IV. To compare the rates of disease-free survival (DFS)-ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) by treatment arm.
V. To compare the rates of second primary cancer (SPC) by treatment arm.
VI. To compare the effect of adding XRT on the cosmetic outcomes in mastectomy patients who have had reconstruction.
VII. To compare the effect of adding XRT on quality of life including arm problems, lymphedema, pain, and fatigue.
VIII. To evaluate the toxicity associated with each of the radiation therapy regimens.
IX. To determine whether computed tomography (CT)-based conformal methods (intensity-modulated radiation therapy \[IMRT\] and 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy \[3DCRT\]) for chestwall + regional nodal XRT post mastectomy and regional nodal XRT with breast XRT following breast conserving surgery are feasible in a multi-institutional setting and whether dose-volume analyses can be established to assess treatment adequacy and to develop normal tissue complication probabilities (NTCP) for the likelihood of toxicity.
X. To compare the effect of XRT in patients receiving mastectomy and in patients receiving lumpectomy.
XI. To examine the role of proliferation measures as a prognosticator for patients with residual disease after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
XII. To develop predictors of the degree of reduction in local regional recurrence (LRR).
OUTLINE: Patients are randomized to 1 of 2 treatment arms.
ARM 1: Patients are assigned to 1 of 2 treatment groups.
GROUP 1A: Lumpectomy patients undergo whole breast radiation therapy using IMRT or 3DCRT once daily 5 days a week for 5 weeks followed by a radiation therapy boost to the lumpectomy cavity once daily 5 days a week for 1-1/2 weeks.
GROUP 1B: Mastectomy patients do not undergo radiation therapy.
ARM 2: Patients are assigned to 1 of 2 treatment groups.
GROUP 2A: Lumpectomy patients undergo regional nodal radiation therapy with whole breast radiation therapy using IMRT or 3DCRT once daily 5 days a week for 5 weeks followed by a radiation therapy boost to the lumpectomy cavity once daily 5 days a week for 1-1/2 weeks.
GROUP 2B: Mastectomy patients undergo regional nodal radiation therapy and chestwall XRT using IMRT or 3DCRT once daily 5 days a week for 5 weeks.
All patients also receive systemic therapy as planned (hormonal therapy for patients with hormone-receptor positive breast cancer and trastuzumab or other anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 \[HER2\] therapy for patients with breast cancer that is HER2-positive).
After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months and then yearly for 8 years.
Conditions
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
PARALLEL
TREATMENT
NONE
Study Groups
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Group 1A Lumpectomy: no regional nodal XRT with WBI
Lumpectomy patients undergo whole breast radiation therapy using IMRT or 3D-CRT once daily 5 days a week for 5 weeks followed by a radiation therapy boost to the lumpectomy cavity once daily 5 days a week for 1-1/2 weeks.
WBI
Group 1B Mastectomy: No regional nodal or chestwall XRT
Mastectomy patients do not undergo radiation therapy.
No interventions assigned to this group
Group 2A lumpectomy: Regional nodal XRT with WBI
Lumpectomy patients undergo regional nodal radiation therapy with whole breast radiation therapy using IMRT or 3D-CRT once daily 5 days a week for 5 weeks followed by a radiation therapy boost to the lumpectomy cavity once daily 5 days a week for 1-1/2 weeks.
regional nodal XRT
WBI
Group 2B Mastectomy: Regional nodal XRT and chestwall XRT
Mastectomy patients undergo regional nodal radiation therapy using IMRT or 3D-CRT once daily 5 days a week for 5 weeks.
regional nodal XRT
chestwall XRT
Interventions
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regional nodal XRT
chestwall XRT
WBI
Other Intervention Names
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* The patient must have an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 or 1
* Patient must have clinically T1-3, N1 breast cancer at the time of diagnosis (before neoadjuvant therapy); clinical axillary nodal involvement can be assessed by palpation, ultrasound, CT scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET) scan, or PET/CT scan
* Patient must have had pathologic confirmation of axillary nodal involvement at presentation (before neoadjuvant therapy) based on either a positive fine needle aspirate (FNA) (demonstrating malignant cells) or positive core needle biopsy (demonstrating invasive adenocarcinoma); the FNA or core needle biopsy can be performed either by palpation or by image guidance; documentation of axillary nodal positivity by sentinel node biopsy (before neoadjuvant therapy) is not permitted
* Patients must have had estrogen receptor (ER) analysis performed on the primary breast tumor before neoadjuvant therapy according to current American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)/College of American Pathologists (CAP) guideline recommendations for hormone receptor testing; if negative for ER, assessment of progesterone receptor (PgR) must also be performed according to current ASCO/CAP guideline recommendations for hormone receptor testing (http://www.asco.org)
* Patients must have had HER2 testing performed on the primary breast tumor before neoadjuvant chemotherapy according to the current ASCO/CAP guideline recommendations for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 testing in Breast Cancer (http://www.asco.org); patients who have a primary tumor that is either HER2-positive or HER2-negative are eligible
* Patient must have completed a minimum of 8 weeks of standard neoadjuvant chemotherapy consisting of an anthracycline and/or taxane-based regimen
* For patients who receive adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery, a maximum of 12 weeks of intended chemotherapy may be administered but must be completed before randomization; (if treatment delays occur, chemotherapy must be completed within 14 weeks); the dose and schedule of the adjuvant chemotherapy are at the investigator's discretion; Note: It is preferred that all intended chemotherapy be administered in the neoadjuvant setting
* Patients with HER2-positive tumors must have received neoadjuvant anti-HER2 therapy (either with all or with a portion of the neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimen), unless medically contraindicated
* At the time of definitive surgery, all removed axillary nodes must be histologically free from cancer; acceptable procedures for assessment of axillary nodal status at the time of surgery include:
* Axillary node dissection
* Sentinel node biopsy alone or
* Sentinel node biopsy followed by axillary node dissection
* Note: Patients are eligible whether there is residual invasive carcinoma in the surgical breast specimen or whether there is evidence of pathologic complete response; patients who are found to be pathologically node-positive at the time of surgery, based on sentinel node biopsy alone, are candidates for A011202, a study developed by the Alliance in Oncology, an NCI Cooperative Group; if A011202 is open at the investigator's institution, patients should be approached about participating in the A011202 study
* Patients with pathologic staging of ypN0(i+) or ypN0(mol+) are eligible (Note: Postneoadjuvant therapy is designated with a "yp" prefix.)
* Patient who have undergone either a total mastectomy or a lumpectomy are eligible
* For patients who undergo lumpectomy, the margins of the resected specimen or re-excision must be histologically free of invasive tumor and DCIS as determined by the local pathologist; additional operative procedures may be performed to obtain clear margins; if tumor is still present at the resected margin after re-excision(s), the patient must undergo total mastectomy to be eligible; (patients with margins positive for lobular carcinoma in situ \[LCIS\] are eligible without additional resection)
* For patients who undergo mastectomy, the margins must be histologically free of residual (microscopic or gross) tumor
* The interval between the last surgery for breast cancer (including re-excision of margins) and randomization must be no more than 70 days; also, if adjuvant chemotherapy was administered, the interval between the last chemotherapy treatment and randomization must be no more than 70 days
* The patient must have recovered from surgery with the incision completely healed and no signs of infection
* If adjuvant chemotherapy was administered, chemotherapy-related toxicity that may interfere with delivery of radiation therapy should have resolved
Exclusion Criteria
* T4 tumors including inflammatory breast cancer
* Documentation of axillary nodal positivity before neoadjuvant therapy by sentinel node biopsy alone
* N2 or N3 disease detected clinically or by imaging
* Patients with histologically positive axillary nodes post neoadjuvant therapy
* Patients with microscopic positive margins after definitive surgery
* Synchronous or previous contralateral invasive breast cancer or DCIS; (patients with synchronous and/or previous contralateral LCIS are eligible)
* Any prior history, not including the index cancer, of ipsilateral invasive breast cancer or ipsilateral DCIS treated with radiation therapy; (patients with synchronous or previous ipsilateral LCIS are eligible)
* History of non-breast malignancies (except for in situ cancers treated only by local excision and basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas of the skin) within 5 years prior to randomization
* Any radiation therapy for the currently diagnosed breast cancer prior to randomization
* Any continued use of sex hormonal therapy, e.g., birth control pills, ovarian hormone replacement therapy; patients are eligible if these medications are discontinued prior to randomization
* Prior breast or thoracic radiation therapy (RT) for any condition
* Active collagen vascular disease, specifically dermatomyositis with a creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) level above normal or with an active skin rash, systemic lupus erythematosus, or scleroderma
* Pregnancy or lactation at the time of study entry; (Note: Pregnancy testing must be performed within 2 weeks prior to randomization according to institutional standards for women of childbearing potential)
* Other non-malignant systemic disease that would preclude the patient from receiving study treatment or would prevent required follow-up
* Psychiatric or addictive disorders or other conditions that, in the opinion of the investigator, would preclude the patient from meeting the study requirements
18 Years
FEMALE
No
Sponsors
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National Cancer Institute (NCI)
NIH
Radiation Therapy Oncology Group
NETWORK
NSABP Foundation Inc
NETWORK
Responsible Party
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Principal Investigators
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Norman Wolmark, MD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
NSABP Foundation Inc
Locations
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University of Alabama at Birmingham Cancer Center
Birmingham, Alabama, United States
University of South Alabama Mitchell Cancer Institute
Mobile, Alabama, United States
Providence Alaska Medical Center
Anchorage, Alaska, United States
Arizona Breast Cancer Specialists-Gilbert
Gilbert, Arizona, United States
Arizona Center for Cancer Care-Peoria
Peoria, Arizona, United States
Arizona Breast Cancer Specialists-Phoenix
Phoenix, Arizona, United States
Arizona Breast Cancer Specialists-Scottsdale
Scottsdale, Arizona, United States
Arizona Center for Cancer Care-Surprise
Surprise, Arizona, United States
Arizona Oncology Associates-West Orange Grove
Tucson, Arizona, United States
The University of Arizona Medical Center-University Campus
Tucson, Arizona, United States
University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
Sutter Cancer Centers Radiation Oncology Services-Auburn
Auburn, California, United States
Mills - Peninsula Hospitals
Burlingame, California, United States
Sutter Cancer Centers Radiation Oncology Services-Cameron Park
Cameron Park, California, United States
Eden Hospital Medical Center
Castro Valley, California, United States
City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center
Duarte, California, United States
Epic Care-Dublin
Dublin, California, United States
Epic Care Partners in Cancer Care
Emeryville, California, United States
California Cancer Center - North Fresno
Fresno, California, United States
UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center
La Jolla, California, United States
City of Hope Antelope Valley
Lancaster, California, United States
Loma Linda University Medical Center
Loma Linda, California, United States
Los Angeles County-USC Medical Center
Los Angeles, California, United States
USC / Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center
Los Angeles, California, United States
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
Los Angeles, California, United States
Hoag Memorial Hospital
Newport Beach, California, United States
Alta Bates Summit Medical Center - Summit Campus
Oakland, California, United States
Kaiser Permanente Oakland-Broadway
Oakland, California, United States
Saint Joseph Hospital - Orange
Orange, California, United States
UC Irvine Health/Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center
Orange, California, United States
Desert Regional Medical Center
Palm Springs, California, United States
Huntington Memorial Hospital
Pasadena, California, United States
Pomona Valley Hospital Medical Center
Pomona, California, United States
Kaiser Permanente-Rancho Cordova Cancer Center
Rancho Cordova, California, United States
Rohnert Park Cancer Center
Rohnert Park, California, United States
Kaiser Permanente-Roseville
Roseville, California, United States
Sutter Cancer Centers Radiation Oncology Services-Roseville
Roseville, California, United States
Sutter Roseville Medical Center
Roseville, California, United States
The Permanente Medical Group-Roseville Radiation Oncology
Roseville, California, United States
Sutter General Hospital
Sacramento, California, United States
University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center
Sacramento, California, United States
Naval Medical Center -San Diego
San Diego, California, United States
Kaiser Permanente Medical Center - Santa Clara
Santa Clara, California, United States
City of Hope South Pasadena
South Pasadena, California, United States
Kaiser Permanente Cancer Treatment Center
South San Francisco, California, United States
Kaiser Permanente-South San Francisco
South San Francisco, California, United States
Saint Helena Hospital
St. Helena, California, United States
Gene Upshaw Memorial Tahoe Forest Cancer Center
Truckee, California, United States
Sutter Cancer Centers Radiation Oncology Services-Vacaville
Vacaville, California, United States
Sutter Solano Medical Center/Cancer Center
Vallejo, California, United States
Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers-Aurora
Aurora, Colorado, United States
University of Colorado Cancer Center - Anschutz Cancer Pavilion
Aurora, Colorado, United States
Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers-Boulder
Boulder, Colorado, United States
Penrose-Saint Francis Healthcare
Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States
Memorial Hospital Colorado Springs
Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States
Porter Adventist Hospital
Denver, Colorado, United States
The Shaw Regional Cancer Center
Edwards, Colorado, United States
Poudre Valley Hospital
Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers-Littleton
Littleton, Colorado, United States
Saint Mary Corwin Medical Center
Pueblo, Colorado, United States
Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers-Thornton
Thornton, Colorado, United States
SCL Health Lutheran Medical Center
Wheat Ridge, Colorado, United States
Hartford Hospital
Hartford, Connecticut, United States
Middlesex Hospital
Middletown, Connecticut, United States
The Hospital of Central Connecticut
New Britain, Connecticut, United States
MedStar Georgetown University Hospital
Washington D.C., District of Columbia, United States
MedStar Washington Hospital Center
Washington D.C., District of Columbia, United States
Sibley Memorial Hospital
Washington D.C., District of Columbia, United States
Florida Hospital Cancer Institute Altamonte
Altamonte Springs, Florida, United States
John Fitzgerald Kennedy Medical Center
Atlantis, Florida, United States
Morton Plant Hospital
Clearwater, Florida, United States
UM Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at Deerfield Beach
Deerfield Beach, Florida, United States
University of Florida
Gainesville, Florida, United States
Memorial Regional Hospital/Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital
Hollywood, Florida, United States
Jackson Memorial Hospital-Holtz Children's Hospital
Miami, Florida, United States
University of Miami Miller School of Medicine-Sylvester Cancer Center
Miami, Florida, United States
South Miami Hospital
Miami, Florida, United States
Baptist Hospital of Miami
Miami, Florida, United States
Florida Hospital Orlando
Orlando, Florida, United States
UF Cancer Center at Orlando Health
Orlando, Florida, United States
21st Century Oncology-Palatka
Palatka, Florida, United States
Saint Joseph's Hospital/Children's Hospital-Tampa
Tampa, Florida, United States
Moffitt Cancer Center
Tampa, Florida, United States
Grady Health System
Atlanta, Georgia, United States
Emory University Hospital Midtown
Atlanta, Georgia, United States
Piedmont Hospital
Atlanta, Georgia, United States
Emory University/Winship Cancer Institute
Atlanta, Georgia, United States
Saint Joseph's Hospital of Atlanta
Atlanta, Georgia, United States
Tanner Medical Center/Carrollton
Carrollton, Georgia, United States
Dekalb Medical Center
Decatur, Georgia, United States
Memorial University Medical Center
Savannah, Georgia, United States
Lewis Cancer and Research Pavilion at Saint Joseph's/Candler
Savannah, Georgia, United States
Queen's Medical Center
Honolulu, Hawaii, United States
The Cancer Center of Hawaii-Liliha
Honolulu, Hawaii, United States
The Cancer Center of Hawaii-Leeward
‘Ewa Beach, Hawaii, United States
Saint Alphonsus Cancer Care Center-Boise
Boise, Idaho, United States
Kootenai Cancer Center
Post Falls, Idaho, United States
Mount Sinai Hospital Medical Center
Chicago, Illinois, United States
Northwestern University
Chicago, Illinois, United States
John H Stroger Jr Hospital of Cook County
Chicago, Illinois, United States
University of Illinois
Chicago, Illinois, United States
University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center
Chicago, Illinois, United States
Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center
Chicago, Illinois, United States
Decatur Memorial Hospital
Decatur, Illinois, United States
AMITA Health Alexian Brothers Medical Center
Elk Grove Village, Illinois, United States
Elmhurst Memorial Hospital
Elmhurst, Illinois, United States
NorthShore University HealthSystem-Evanston Hospital
Evanston, Illinois, United States
NorthShore University HealthSystem-Glenbrook Hospital
Glenview, Illinois, United States
Advocate South Suburban Hospital
Hazel Crest, Illinois, United States
NorthShore University HealthSystem-Highland Park Hospital
Highland Park, Illinois, United States
Presence Saint Mary's Hospital
Kankakee, Illinois, United States
Condell Memorial Hospital
Libertyville, Illinois, United States
Loyola University Medical Center
Maywood, Illinois, United States
Edward Hospital/Cancer Center
Naperville, Illinois, United States
UC Comprehensive Cancer Center at Silver Cross
New Lenox, Illinois, United States
Advocate Christ Medical Center
Oak Lawn, Illinois, United States
Advocate Lutheran General Hospital
Park Ridge, Illinois, United States
Illinois CancerCare-Peoria
Peoria, Illinois, United States
OSF Saint Francis Radiation Oncology at Peoria Cancer Center
Peoria, Illinois, United States
OSF Saint Francis Medical Center
Peoria, Illinois, United States
Edward Hospital/Cancer Center?Plainfield
Plainfield, Illinois, United States
SwedishAmerican Regional Cancer Center/ACT
Rockford, Illinois, United States
Memorial Medical Center
Springfield, Illinois, United States
Carle Cancer Center
Urbana, Illinois, United States
Northwestern Medicine Cancer Center Warrenville
Warrenville, Illinois, United States
Saint Vincent Anderson Regional Hospital/Cancer Center
Anderson, Indiana, United States
Parkview Hospital Randallia
Fort Wayne, Indiana, United States
Goshen Center for Cancer Care
Goshen, Indiana, United States
Indiana University/Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center
Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
IU Health Methodist Hospital
Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
Community Cancer Center East
Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
Community Cancer Center South
Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
Franciscan Health Indianapolis
Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
Community Cancer Center North
Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
Saint Vincent Hospital and Health Care Center
Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
Memorial Hospital of South Bend
South Bend, Indiana, United States
Mercy Cancer Center-West Lakes
Clive, Iowa, United States
Iowa Methodist Medical Center
Des Moines, Iowa, United States
Mercy Medical Center - Des Moines
Des Moines, Iowa, United States
University of Iowa/Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center
Iowa City, Iowa, United States
University of Kansas Cancer Center
Kansas City, Kansas, United States
University of Kansas Cancer Center-Overland Park
Overland Park, Kansas, United States
Via Christi Regional Medical Center
Wichita, Kansas, United States
Wesley Medical Center
Wichita, Kansas, United States
Wichita NCI Community Oncology Research Program
Wichita, Kansas, United States
Saint Elizabeth Medical Center South
Edgewood, Kentucky, United States
Saint Elizabeth Fort Thomas
Fort Thomas, Kentucky, United States
Norton Hospital Pavilion and Medical Campus
Louisville, Kentucky, United States
The James Graham Brown Cancer Center at University of Louisville
Louisville, Kentucky, United States
Baptist Health Louisville
Louisville, Kentucky, United States
Norton Suburban Hospital and Medical Campus
Louisville, Kentucky, United States
Owensboro Health Mitchell Memorial Cancer Center
Owensboro, Kentucky, United States
Baton Rouge General Medical Center
Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
Mary Bird Perkins Cancer Center
Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
Woman's Hospital
Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
Mary Bird Cancer Center/Saint Tammany Parish
Covington, Louisiana, United States
Mary Bird Perkins Cancer Center/Terrebonne General Medical Center
Houma, Louisiana, United States
Ochsner Medical Center Kenner
Kenner, Louisiana, United States
Ochsner Medical Center Jefferson
New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
Eastern Maine Medical Center
Bangor, Maine, United States
Maine Medical Center- Scarborough Campus
Scarborough, Maine, United States
Anne Arundel Medical Center
Annapolis, Maryland, United States
University of Maryland/Greenebaum Cancer Center
Baltimore, Maryland, United States
Greater Baltimore Medical Center
Baltimore, Maryland, United States
MedStar Franklin Square Medical Center/Weinberg Cancer Institute
Baltimore, Maryland, United States
Johns Hopkins University/Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center
Baltimore, Maryland, United States
Upper Chesapeake Medical Center
Bel Air, Maryland, United States
Central Maryland Radiation Oncology in Howard County
Columbia, Maryland, United States
Tate Cancer Center
Glen Burnie, Maryland, United States
Boston Medical Center
Boston, Massachusetts, United States
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
Boston, Massachusetts, United States
Saint Anne's Hospital
Fall River, Massachusetts, United States
Lowell General Hospital
Lowell, Massachusetts, United States
Baystate Medical Center
Springfield, Massachusetts, United States
University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center
Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
Henry Ford Cancer Institute¿Downriver
Brownstown, Michigan, United States
21st Century Oncology-Clarkston
Clarkston, Michigan, United States
Henry Ford Macomb Hospital-Clinton Township
Clinton Township, Michigan, United States
Beaumont Hospital-Dearborn
Dearborn, Michigan, United States
Wayne State University/Karmanos Cancer Institute
Detroit, Michigan, United States
Henry Ford Hospital
Detroit, Michigan, United States
Saint John Hospital and Medical Center
Detroit, Michigan, United States
Hurley Medical Center
Flint, Michigan, United States
Genesys Hurley Cancer Institute
Flint, Michigan, United States
McLaren Cancer Institute-Flint
Flint, Michigan, United States
Spectrum Health at Butterworth Campus
Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States
Sparrow Hospital
Lansing, Michigan, United States
McLaren Cancer Institute-Lapeer Region
Lapeer, Michigan, United States
McLaren Cancer Institute-Macomb
Mount Clemens, Michigan, United States
McLaren Cancer Institute-Central Michigan
Mount Pleasant, Michigan, United States
Mercy Health Mercy Campus
Muskegon, Michigan, United States
Assarian Cancer Center
Novi, Michigan, United States
McLaren Cancer Institute-Owosso
Owosso, Michigan, United States
McLaren Cancer Institute-Northern Michigan
Petoskey, Michigan, United States
Saint Joseph Mercy Oakland
Pontiac, Michigan, United States
William Beaumont Hospital-Royal Oak
Royal Oak, Michigan, United States
Providence Hospital-Southfield Cancer Center
Southfield, Michigan, United States
21st Century Oncology-Troy
Troy, Michigan, United States
William Beaumont Hospital - Troy
Troy, Michigan, United States
Saint John Macomb-Oakland Hospital
Warren, Michigan, United States
Henry Ford West Bloomfield Hospital
West Bloomfield, Michigan, United States
Metro Health Hospital
Wyoming, Michigan, United States
Mayo Clinic Health System in Albert Lea
Albert Lea, Minnesota, United States
Fairview Ridges Hospital
Burnsville, Minnesota, United States
Unity Hospital
Fridley, Minnesota, United States
Mayo Clinic Health Systems-Mankato
Mankato, Minnesota, United States
Abbott-Northwestern Hospital
Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
Mayo Clinic Radiation Therapy-Northfield
Northfield, Minnesota, United States
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, Minnesota, United States
Coborn Cancer Center at Saint Cloud Hospital
Saint Cloud, Minnesota, United States
Park Nicollet Clinic - Saint Louis Park
Saint Louis Park, Minnesota, United States
Regions Hospital
Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States
United Hospital
Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States
Ridgeview Medical Center
Waconia, Minnesota, United States
University of Mississippi Medical Center
Jackson, Mississippi, United States
Baptist Memorial Hospital-Desoto
Southhaven, Mississippi, United States
Saint Francis Medical Center
Cape Girardeau, Missouri, United States
Saint Luke's Hospital
Chesterfield, Missouri, United States
Siteman Cancer Center - Saint Peters
City of Saint Peters, Missouri, United States
University of Missouri - Ellis Fischel
Columbia, Missouri, United States
Barnes-Jewish West County Hospital
Creve Coeur, Missouri, United States
Saint Luke's Hospital of Kansas City
Kansas City, Missouri, United States
North Kansas City Hospital
Kansas City, Missouri, United States
The University of Kansas Cancer Center-South
Kansas City, Missouri, United States
Research Medical Center
Kansas City, Missouri, United States
The University of Kansas Cancer Center-North
Kansas City, Missouri, United States
The University of Kansas Cancer Center-Lee's Summit
Lee's Summit, Missouri, United States
Saint Luke's East - Lee's Summit
Lee's Summit, Missouri, United States
Washington University School of Medicine
St Louis, Missouri, United States
Saint Anthony's Medical Center
St Louis, Missouri, United States
Siteman Cancer Center-South County
St Louis, Missouri, United States
Missouri Baptist Medical Center
St Louis, Missouri, United States
Billings Clinic Cancer Center
Billings, Montana, United States
Benefis Healthcare- Sletten Cancer Institute
Great Falls, Montana, United States
Kalispell Regional Medical Center
Kalispell, Montana, United States
CHI Health Saint Francis
Grand Island, Nebraska, United States
Alegent Health Bergan Mercy Medical Center
Omaha, Nebraska, United States
Alegent Health Lakeside Hospital
Omaha, Nebraska, United States
University of Nebraska Medical Center
Omaha, Nebraska, United States
Radiation Oncology Centers of Nevada Central
Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
Renown Regional Medical Center
Reno, Nevada, United States
Concord Hospital
Concord, New Hampshire, United States
Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center
Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States
Elliot Hospital
Manchester, New Hampshire, United States
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center at Basking Ridge
Basking Ridge, New Jersey, United States
Ocean Medical Center
Brick, New Jersey, United States
Cooper Hospital University Medical Center
Camden, New Jersey, United States
Englewood Hospital and Medical Center
Englewood, New Jersey, United States
Saint Barnabas Medical Center
Livingston, New Jersey, United States
Virtua Memorial
Mount Holly, New Jersey, United States
Jersey Shore Medical Center
Neptune City, New Jersey, United States
Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital
New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States
The Valley Hospital-Luckow Pavilion
Paramus, New Jersey, United States
Capital Health Medical Center-Hopewell
Pennington, New Jersey, United States
Riverview Medical Center/Booker Cancer Center
Red Bank, New Jersey, United States
Valley Hospital
Ridgewood, New Jersey, United States
Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital Somerset
Somerville, New Jersey, United States
Sparta Cancer Treatment Center
Sparta, New Jersey, United States
MD Anderson Cancer Center at Cooper-Voorhees
Voorhees Township, New Jersey, United States
Virtua Voorhees
Voorhees Township, New Jersey, United States
Valley Health System-Hematology/Oncology
Westwood, New Jersey, United States
University of New Mexico Cancer Center
Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
Lovelace Radiation Oncology
Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
New Mexico Oncology Hematology Consultants
Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
Memorial Medical Center - Las Cruces
Las Cruces, New Mexico, United States
Christus Saint Vincent Regional Cancer Center
Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States
New York-Presbyterian/Brooklyn Methodist Hospital
Brooklyn, New York, United States
Maimonides Medical Center
Brooklyn, New York, United States
Putnam Hospital Center
Carmel, New York, United States
Memorial Sloan Kettering Commack
Commack, New York, United States
Mary Imogene Bassett Hospital
Cooperstown, New York, United States
Vassar Brothers Fishkill Radiation Oncology Center
Fishkill, New York, United States
Memorial Sloan Kettering Westchester
Harrison, New York, United States
Ulster Radiation Oncology Center
Kingston, New York, United States
Columbia University/Herbert Irving Cancer Center
New York, New York, United States
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
New York, New York, United States
Vassar Brothers Medical Center
Poughkeepsie, New York, United States
Rochester General Hospital
Rochester, New York, United States
Pluta Cancer Center
Rochester, New York, United States
Memorial Sloan Kettering Rockville Centre
Rockville Centre, New York, United States
Memorial Sloan Kettering Sleepy Hollow
Sleepy Hollow, New York, United States
State University of New York Upstate Medical University
Syracuse, New York, United States
Montefiore Medical Center - Moses Campus
The Bronx, New York, United States
Carolinas Medical Center/Levine Cancer Institute
Charlotte, North Carolina, United States
Novant Health Presbyterian Medical Center
Charlotte, North Carolina, United States
Carolinas Medical Center/Levine Cancer Institute-Pineville
Charlotte, North Carolina, United States
Carolinas Medical Center/Levine Cancer Institute-University
Charlotte, North Carolina, United States
Carolinas HealthCare System NorthEast
Concord, North Carolina, United States
Duke University Medical Center
Durham, North Carolina, United States
CaroMont Regional Medical Center
Gastonia, North Carolina, United States
Cone Health Cancer Center
Greensboro, North Carolina, United States
East Carolina University
Greenville, North Carolina, United States
Matthews Radiation Oncology Center
Matthews, North Carolina, United States
Carolinas HealthCare System Union
Monroe, North Carolina, United States
South Atlantic Radiation Oncology
Supply, North Carolina, United States
Coastal Carolina Radiation Oncology
Wilmington, North Carolina, United States
Sanford Bismarck Medical Center
Bismarck, North Dakota, United States
Summa Akron City Hospital/Cooper Cancer Center
Akron, Ohio, United States
Akron General Medical Center
Akron, Ohio, United States
Summa Barberton Hospital
Barberton, Ohio, United States
UHHS-Chagrin Highlands Medical Center
Beachwood, Ohio, United States
Aultman Health Foundation
Canton, Ohio, United States
Geaugra Hospital
Chardon, Ohio, United States
University of Cincinnati/Barrett Cancer Center
Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
Good Samaritan Hospital - Cincinnati
Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
Bethesda North Hospital
Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
Case Western Reserve University
Cleveland, Ohio, United States
Cleveland Clinic Cancer Center/Fairview Hospital
Cleveland, Ohio, United States
Cleveland Clinic Foundation
Cleveland, Ohio, United States
Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center
Columbus, Ohio, United States
The Mark H Zangmeister Center
Columbus, Ohio, United States
Mount Carmel Health Center West
Columbus, Ohio, United States
Delaware Radiation Oncology
Delaware, Ohio, United States
Cleveland Clinic Cancer Center Independence
Independence, Ohio, United States
Hillcrest Hospital Cancer Center
Mayfield Heights, Ohio, United States
Summa Health Center at Lake Medina
Medina, Ohio, United States
Lake University Ireland Cancer Center
Mentor, Ohio, United States
Southwest General Health Center Ireland Cancer Center
Middleburg Heights, Ohio, United States
University Hospitals Parma Medical Center
Parma, Ohio, United States
North Coast Cancer Care
Sandusky, Ohio, United States
Cleveland Clinic Cancer Center Strongsville
Strongsville, Ohio, United States
University Pointe
West Chester, Ohio, United States
UHHS-Westlake Medical Center
Westlake, Ohio, United States
Cleveland Clinic Wooster Family Health and Surgery Center
Wooster, Ohio, United States
Cancer Centers of Southwest Oklahoma Research
Lawton, Oklahoma, United States
University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
Mercy Hospital Oklahoma City
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
Willamette Valley Cancer Center
Eugene, Oregon, United States
Compass Oncology Rose Quarter
Portland, Oregon, United States
Kaiser Permanente Northwest
Portland, Oregon, United States
Mid-Columbia Medical Center/Celilo Cancer Center
The Dalles, Oregon, United States
Lehigh Valley Hospital-Cedar Crest
Allentown, Pennsylvania, United States
UPMC-Heritage Valley Health System Beaver
Beaver, Pennsylvania, United States
Saint Luke's University Hospital-Bethlehem Campus
Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States
Northeast Radiation Oncology Center
Dunmore, Pennsylvania, United States
Ephrata Cancer Center
Ephrata, Pennsylvania, United States
The Regional Cancer Center
Erie, Pennsylvania, United States
Fox Chase Cancer Center Buckingham
Furlong, Pennsylvania, United States
Adams Cancer Center
Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, United States
UPMC Cancer Centers - Arnold Palmer Pavilion
Greensburg, Pennsylvania, United States
PinnacleHealth Cancer Center-Community Campus
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, United States
Penn State Milton S Hershey Medical Center
Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States
Lancaster General Hospital
Lancaster, Pennsylvania, United States
Holy Redeemer Hospital and Medical Center
Meadowbrook, Pennsylvania, United States
Intercommunity Cancer Center
Monroeville, Pennsylvania, United States
UPMC-Coraopolis/Heritage Valley Radiation Oncology
Moon Township, Pennsylvania, United States
Allegheny Valley Hospital
Natrona Heights, Pennsylvania, United States
University of Pennsylvania/Abramson Cancer Center
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
Pennsylvania Hospital
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
Thomas Jefferson University Hospital
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
Fox Chase Cancer Center
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
Temple University Hospital
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
Allegheny General Hospital
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
UPMC-Magee Womens Hospital
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
UPMC-Saint Margaret
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
UPMC-Shadyside Hospital
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
Reading Hospital
West Reading, Pennsylvania, United States
Wexford Health and Wellness Pavilion
Wexford, Pennsylvania, United States
WellSpan Health-York Hospital
York, Pennsylvania, United States
Rhode Island Hospital
Providence, Rhode Island, United States
Radiation Oncology Associates Incorporated
Providence, Rhode Island, United States
Women and Infants Hospital
Providence, Rhode Island, United States
Kent County Hospital
Warwick, Rhode Island, United States
Roper Hospital
Charleston, South Carolina, United States
Bon Secours Saint Francis Hospital
Charleston, South Carolina, United States
Medical University of South Carolina
Charleston, South Carolina, United States
Georgetown Hospital System
Georgetown, South Carolina, United States
Greenville Health System Cancer Institute-Andrews
Greenville, South Carolina, United States
Greenville Health System Cancer Institute-Faris
Greenville, South Carolina, United States
Saint Francis Cancer Center
Greenville, South Carolina, United States
Greenville Health System Cancer Institute-Eastside
Greenville, South Carolina, United States
Greenville Health System Cancer Institute-Greer
Greer, South Carolina, United States
Gibbs Cancer Center-Pelham
Greer, South Carolina, United States
The Radiation Oncology Center-Hilton Head/Bluffton
Hilton Head Island, South Carolina, United States
Greenville Health System Cancer Institute-Seneca
Seneca, South Carolina, United States
Spartanburg Medical Center
Spartanburg, South Carolina, United States
Greenville Health System Cancer Institute-Spartanburg
Spartanburg, South Carolina, United States
Lexington Medical Center
West Columbia, South Carolina, United States
Avera Cancer Institute
Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States
Sanford USD Medical Center - Sioux Falls
Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States
The West Clinic - Wolf River
Germantown, Tennessee, United States
Thompson Cancer Survival Center
Knoxville, Tennessee, United States
Baptist Memorial Hospital and Cancer Center-Memphis
Memphis, Tennessee, United States
Vanderbilt University/Ingram Cancer Center
Nashville, Tennessee, United States
Texas Cancer Center
Abilene, Texas, United States
The Don and Sybil Harrington Cancer Center
Amarillo, Texas, United States
Texas Oncology-Arlington South
Arlington, Texas, United States
Texas Oncology-Austin Midtown
Austin, Texas, United States
Texas Oncology - Central Austin Cancer Center
Austin, Texas, United States
Texas Oncology - South Austin Cancer Center
Austin, Texas, United States
Texas Oncology Bedford
Bedford, Texas, United States
Parkland Memorial Hospital
Dallas, Texas, United States
UT Southwestern/Simmons Cancer Center-Dallas
Dallas, Texas, United States
Texas Oncology-Flower Mound
Flower Mound, Texas, United States
The Klabzuba Cancer Center
Fort Worth, Texas, United States
Memorial Hermann Memorial City Medical Center
Houston, Texas, United States
M D Anderson Cancer Center
Houston, Texas, United States
The Methodist Hospital System
Houston, Texas, United States
MD Anderson Regional Care Center-Katy
Houston, Texas, United States
Doctor's Hospital of Laredo
Laredo, Texas, United States
Covenant Medical Center-Lakeside
Lubbock, Texas, United States
University Medical Center
Lubbock, Texas, United States
Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center-Lubbock
Lubbock, Texas, United States
MD Anderson Regional Care Center-Bay Area
Nassau Bay, Texas, United States
Texas Oncology-Plano West
Plano, Texas, United States
Scott and White Healthcare Round Rock
Round Rock, Texas, United States
Texas Oncology - Round Rock Cancer Center
Round Rock, Texas, United States
University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
San Antonio, Texas, United States
Texas Cancer Center-Sherman
Sherman, Texas, United States
MD Anderson Regional Care Center-Sugar Land
Sugar Land, Texas, United States
Texas Oncology Cancer Center Sugar Land
Sugar Land, Texas, United States
Scott and White Memorial Hospital
Temple, Texas, United States
MD Anderson Regional Care Center-The Woodlands
The Woodlands, Texas, United States
Deke Slayton Cancer Center
Webster, Texas, United States
Intermountain Medical Center
Murray, Utah, United States
Utah Valley Regional Medical Center
Provo, Utah, United States
Huntsman Cancer Institute/University of Utah
Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
South Jordan Health Center
South Jordan, Utah, United States
Norris Cotton Cancer Center-North
Saint Johnsbury, Vermont, United States
Inova Alexandria Hospital
Alexandria, Virginia, United States
University of Virginia Cancer Center
Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
Inova Fairfax Hospital
Falls Church, Virginia, United States
Augusta Health Cancer Center
Fishersville, Virginia, United States
Mary Washington Hospital
Fredericksburg, Virginia, United States
Sentara Cancer Institute at Sentara CarePlex Hospital
Hampton, Virginia, United States
Sentara Norfolk General Hospital
Norfolk, Virginia, United States
Naval Medical Center - Portsmouth
Portsmouth, Virginia, United States
Virginia Commonwealth University/Massey Cancer Center
Richmond, Virginia, United States
Oncology and Hematology Associates of Southwest Virginia
Roanoke, Virginia, United States
Sentara Virginia Beach General Hospital
Virginia Beach, Virginia, United States
MultiCare Auburn Medical Center
Auburn, Washington, United States
Overlake Hospital Medical Center
Bellevue, Washington, United States
Harrison Medical Center
Bremerton, Washington, United States
Virginia Mason Federal Way Medical Center
Federal Way, Washington, United States
Tacoma/Valley Radiation Oncology Centers-Gig Harbor
Gig Harbor, Washington, United States
MultiCare Gig Harbor Medical Park
Gig Harbor, Washington, United States
Tri-Cities Cancer Center
Kennewick, Washington, United States
Skagit Valley Hospital Regional Cancer Care Center
Mount Vernon, Washington, United States
MultiCare Good Samaritan Hospital
Puyallup, Washington, United States
Tacoma/Valley Radiation Oncology Centers-Puyallup
Puyallup, Washington, United States
Virginia Mason Medical Center
Seattle, Washington, United States
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
Seattle, Washington, United States
Seattle Cancer Care Alliance
Seattle, Washington, United States
University of Washington Medical Center
Seattle, Washington, United States
Cancer Care Northwest - Spokane South
Spokane, Washington, United States
Spokane Valley Cancer Center-Mayfair
Spokane, Washington, United States
MultiCare Tacoma General Hospital
Tacoma, Washington, United States
Northwest Medical Specialties PLLC
Tacoma, Washington, United States
Saint Joseph Medical Center
Tacoma, Washington, United States
Tacoma/Valley Radiation Oncology Centers-Saint Joe's
Tacoma, Washington, United States
Compass Oncology Vancouver
Vancouver, Washington, United States
West Virginia University Healthcare
Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
Langlade Hospital and Cancer Center
Antigo, Wisconsin, United States
Fox Valley Surgical Associates Limited
Appleton, Wisconsin, United States
Radiology Associates of Appleton/ThedaCare Regional Medical Center
Appleton, Wisconsin, United States
ThedaCare Regional Cancer Center
Appleton, Wisconsin, United States
Sacred Heart Hospital
Eau Claire, Wisconsin, United States
Aurora Cancer Care-Grafton
Grafton, Wisconsin, United States
Saint Vincent Hospital Cancer Center Green Bay
Green Bay, Wisconsin, United States
Saint Vincent Hospital Cancer Center at Saint Mary's
Green Bay, Wisconsin, United States
Aurora BayCare Medical Center
Green Bay, Wisconsin, United States
UW Cancer Center Johnson Creek
Johnson Creek, Wisconsin, United States
Aurora Cancer Care-Kenosha South
Kenosha, Wisconsin, United States
Gundersen Lutheran Medical Center
La Crosse, Wisconsin, United States
Mayo Clinic Health System-Franciscan Healthcare
La Crosse, Wisconsin, United States
University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics
Madison, Wisconsin, United States
Marshfield Clinic
Marshfield, Wisconsin, United States
Saint Joseph's Hospital
Marshfield, Wisconsin, United States
Community Memorial Hospital
Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin, United States
Aurora Saint Luke's Medical Center
Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
Froedtert and the Medical College of Wisconsin
Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
Aurora Sinai Medical Center
Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
Marshfield Clinic-Minocqua Center
Minocqua, Wisconsin, United States
Surgical Associates of Neenah SC
Neenah, Wisconsin, United States
ProHealth Oconomowoc Memorial Hospital
Oconomowoc, Wisconsin, United States
Vince Lombardi Cancer Clinic - Oshkosh
Oshkosh, Wisconsin, United States
Wheaton Franciscan Cancer Care - All Saints
Racine, Wisconsin, United States
Marshfield Clinic-Rice Lake Center
Rice Lake, Wisconsin, United States
Saint Michael's Hospital
Stevens Point, Wisconsin, United States
Marshfield Clinic Stevens Point Center
Stevens Point, Wisconsin, United States
Aurora Medical Center in Summit
Summit, Wisconsin, United States
Vince Lombardi Cancer Clinic-Two Rivers
Two Rivers, Wisconsin, United States
ProHealth Waukesha Memorial Hospital
Waukesha, Wisconsin, United States
UW Cancer Center at ProHealth Care
Waukesha, Wisconsin, United States
Aspirus Regional Cancer Center
Wausau, Wisconsin, United States
Aurora Cancer Care-Milwaukee West
Wauwatosa, Wisconsin, United States
Aurora West Allis Medical Center
West Allis, Wisconsin, United States
The Alyce and Elmore Kraemer Cancer Care Center
West Bend, Wisconsin, United States
Diagnostic and Treatment Center
Weston, Wisconsin, United States
Tom Baker Cancer Centre
Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Cross Cancer Institute
Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
CancerCare Manitoba
Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
Atlantic Health Sciences Corporation-Saint John Regional Hospital
Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
University Health Network-Princess Margaret Hospital
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
CIUSSSEMTL-Hopital Maisonneuve-Rosemont
Montreal, Quebec, Canada
McGill University Department of Oncology
Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Jewish General Hospital
Montreal, Quebec, Canada
CHU de Quebec-L'Hotel-Dieu de Quebec (HDQ)
Québec, Quebec, Canada
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke-Fleurimont
Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
Allan Blair Cancer Centre
Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
Saskatoon Cancer Centre
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
Saint Lukes Hospital
Dublin, Co Dublin, Ireland
University College Hospital Galway
Galway, Co Galway, Ireland
Chaim Sheba Medical Center
Tel Litwinsky, , Israel
Tohoku University School of Medicine
Sendai, Aoba-ku, Japan
Hokkaido University Hospital
Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
Hyogo Cancer Center
Akashi, Hyōgo, Japan
Iwate Medical University School of Medicine
Morioka, Iwate, Japan
Gunma University Hospital
Gunma, Maebashi, Japan
Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital
Niigata, Niigata, Japan
Shikoku Cancer Center
Matsuyama, , Japan
Saitama Medical University International Medical Center
Saitama, , Japan
San Juan City Hospital
San Juan, , Puerto Rico
Yonsei University Health System-Severance Hospital
Seoul, , South Korea
Countries
Review the countries where the study has at least one active or historical site.
References
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Mamounas EP, Bandos H, White JR, Julian TB, Khan AJ, Shaitelman SF, Torres MA, Vicini FA, Ganz PA, McCloskey SA, Lucas PC, Gupta N, Li XA, McCormick B, Smith B, Tendulkar RD, Kavadi VS, Matsumoto K, Seaward SA, Irvin WJ Jr, Lin JY, Mutter RW, Muanza TM, Stromberg J, Jagsi R, Weiss AC, Curran WJ Jr, Wolmark N. Omitting Regional Nodal Irradiation after Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy. N Engl J Med. 2025 Jun 5;392(21):2113-2124. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2414859.
Ferrarazzo G, Nieri A, Firpo E, Rattaro A, Mignone A, Guasone F, Manzara A, Perniciaro G, Spinaci S. The Role of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Breast Cancer Patients Who Become Clinically Node-Negative Following Neo-Adjuvant Chemotherapy: A Literature Review. Curr Oncol. 2023 Sep 25;30(10):8703-8719. doi: 10.3390/curroncol30100630.
Ditsch N, Rubio IT, Gasparri ML, de Boniface J, Kuehn T. Breast and axillary surgery in malignant breast disease: a review focused on literature of 2018 and 2019. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2020 Feb;32(1):91-99. doi: 10.1097/GCO.0000000000000593.
Other Identifiers
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NCI-2012-03198
Identifier Type: REGISTRY
Identifier Source: secondary_id
NSABP-B-51
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id