Evaluating the Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Raltegravir in Infants

NCT ID: NCT01828073

Last Updated: 2021-11-08

Study Results

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Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Total Enrollment

40 participants

Study Classification

OBSERVATIONAL

Study Start Date

2011-05-19

Study Completion Date

2018-04-23

Brief Summary

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The purpose of this study was to determine the washout pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety of in utero/intrapartum exposure to maternal raltegravir (RAL) in infants born to pregnant women with HIV infection who received RAL 400 mg twice daily. The study also provided data for the development of an infant RAL starting dosing regimen for IMPAACT P1110 (NCT01780831).

Detailed Description

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Study participants were enrolled in two cohorts.

* Cohort 1 enrolled mother-infant pairs in which the infant was expected to be ≥2000 grams at birth (i.e. full term) at time of enrollment and the mother was living with HIV and received RAL 400 mg twice daily for at least 2 weeks prior to delivery and continued to receive antiretroviral (ARV) drugs during labor.
* Cohort 2 enrolled mother-infant pairs in which the infant was expected to be ≤2500 grams at birth \[i.e. low birth weight (LBW)\] at time of enrollment and the mother was living with HIV and received at least one dose of RAL 400 mg within 2 to 24 hours prior to delivery.

Cohorts 1 and 2 provided pharmacokinetics and safety data of in utero and intrapartum exposure to maternal RAL in full-term and LBW infants, respectively. Also, the study data were pooled with data from IMPAACT P1066 (NCT00485264) (Cohorts IV and V) and P1026s (NCT00042289) to determine the starting RAL dosing regimen for full-term and LBW infants in IMPAACT P1110 (NCT01780831).

The study initially opened accrual to Cohort 1 under protocol Version 1.0. Upon completion of accrual and follow-up of Cohort 1, the protocol was amended and accrual to and follow-up of Cohort 2 was under protocol Version 2.0.

No study-specific treatment was given to the participants during this study. The women (mothers) received RAL for clinical indications outside of the study. Infants received standard of care ARV therapy for prophylaxis of perinatal transmission of HIV as prescribed by their primary care physicians.

Cohort 1 mother-infant pairs were enrolled prior to delivery. The women were followed-up until discharge from the labor/delivery unit. Infants were followed from birth through 20 weeks after birth. If infant was eligible for PK sampling (see "Eligibility" section), blood samples were collected at 1-5, 8-14, 18-24, and 30-36 hours after birth. Protocol defined infant safety evaluations were at birth, and at 8-14 hours, 30-36 hours, 1 week and 20 weeks after birth.

Cohort 2 mother-infant pairs were enrolled prior to delivery or within 48 hours after delivery. The women were followed-up until discharge from the labor/delivery unit. Infants were followed from birth/entry through 6 weeks after birth. If infant was eligible for PK sampling, blood samples were collected at 1-6, 12-24, 36-48, 72-84, and 108-132 hours and 7-14 days after birth. Protocol defined infant safety evaluations were at entry/birth, and at 36-48 hours, 72-84 hours, 1 week and 6 weeks after birth.

For both cohorts, all infants regardless of whether they were eligible for PK sampling were included in the safety analyses. Infant safety data included adverse birth outcomes, signs/symptoms, diagnoses and chemistry/hematology test results. Protocol required chemistry tests were AST, ALT, serum creatinine, total bilirubin and direct bilirubin. Protocol required hematology tests were CBC with differential and platelet count. Also included in the safety data were additional laboratory events done outside of the study but considered by the site as relevant information.

For both cohorts, maternal blood and cord blood for RAL concentration testing were collected at delivery when specimen collection was possible. The optional genotypic testing (i.e. testing was done only if the mother consented) was limited to infants who were eligible for PK sampling. Information obtained about the effect of UGT1A1 polymorphisms on the PK of RAL was thought to provide a better understanding of the effect of genetics on the metabolism of RAL in neonates.

Conditions

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HIV Infections

Study Design

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Observational Model Type

COHORT

Study Time Perspective

PROSPECTIVE

Study Groups

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Cohort 1: Full term infants exposed in utero to maternal RAL

Infants, who were expected to be ≥2000 grams at birth (i.e. full-term) at time of enrollment, born to women with HIV-1 infection who received RAL 400 mg twice daily for at least two weeks prior to delivery and continued to receive ARVs during labor. The group also includes the mothers of these infants.

Raltegravir

Intervention Type DRUG

No study-specific drugs were given to women or infants during this study. Women received RAL for clinical indications outside of the study.

Cohort 2: LBW infants exposed in utero to maternal RAL

Infants, who were expected to be ≤2500 grams at birth (i.e. LBW) at time of enrollment, born to women with HIV-1 infection who received at least one dose of RAL 400 mg within 2 to 24 hours prior to delivery. The group also includes the mothers of these infants.

Raltegravir

Intervention Type DRUG

No study-specific drugs were given to women or infants during this study. Women received RAL for clinical indications outside of the study.

Interventions

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Raltegravir

No study-specific drugs were given to women or infants during this study. Women received RAL for clinical indications outside of the study.

Intervention Type DRUG

Other Intervention Names

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RAL

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Documentation of HIV-1 infection.
* Viable singleton pregnancy with gestational age of at least 35 weeks based on clinical or other obstetrical measurements with normal fetal anatomy
* Currently receiving RAL 400 mg twice daily for at least 2 weeks prior to enrollment in combination with other ARV agents for clinical care
* Plan to continue taking RAL in combination with other ARV agents through labor prior to delivery
* Willing and intends to deliver at the study-affiliated clinic or hospital
* Willing and able to sign informed consent for participation of herself and her infant. Participant must be of an age to provide legal informed consent as defined by the country in which she resides. If not, informed consent must be signed by a legal guardian.


* Infant born to women who received at least 2 weeks of RAL prior to delivery and continue to receive RAL during labor prior to delivery in addition to their other ARV drugs
* Infant birth weight of at least 2 kg
* Infant at least 37 weeks gestation at delivery
* Infant not receiving disallowed medications (phenobarbital, phenytoin, rifampin). If these medications are required for the infant's care, the infant will be ineligible for further PK sampling. PK samples will be obtained up to the time of the introduction of the disallowed medication.


* Documentation of HIV-1 infection.
* Viable singleton or multiple birth pregnancy based on clinical or other obstetrical measurements with infant birth weight anticipated to be less than or equal to 2,500 grams
* RAL is currently used as part of maternal ARV regimen and planned to continue through labor and delivery
* Willing and intends to deliver at the study-affiliated clinic or hospital
* Willing and able to sign informed consent for participation of herself and her infant. Participant must be of an age to provide legal informed consent as defined by the country in which she resides. If not, informed consent must be signed by a legal guardian.


* Documentation of HIV-1 infection.
* Received at least one dose of RAL within 2 to 24 hours prior to delivery
* Willing and able to sign informed consent for participation of herself and her infant. Participant must be of an age to provide legal informed consent as defined by the country in which she resides. If not, informed consent must be signed by a legal guardian.


* Infant birth weight less than or equal to 2,500 grams
* Infant less than or equal to 48 hours of age

Exclusion Criteria

\- Receipt of disallowed medications (phenobarbital, phenytoin, rifampin) within 4 weeks prior to enrollment



\- Infant has a severe congenital malformation or other medical condition not compatible with life or that would interfere with study participation or interpretation, as judged by the examining clinician

Cohort 2 enrolled M-I pairs at two time points: prior to delivery and within 48 hours after delivery.

* For M-I pairs enrolled prior to delivery, the maternal study eligibility criteria were assessed at enrollment. There were no infant study eligibility criteria. However, only infants who met the PK sampling eligibility criteria had PK blood sampling. Infants ineligible for PK sampling remained in the study and were followed-up for safety.
* For M-I pairs enrolled within 48 hours delivery, the maternal and infant study eligibility criteria were assessed at enrollment. A M-I pair was enrolled only if both the mother and the infant were eligible for the study. For multiple births, only infants who met the study eligibility criteria were enrolled.


\- Receipt of disallowed medications (phenobarbital, phenytoin, rifampin) within 4 weeks prior to enrollment or intent to be on any of the disallowed medications prior to delivery.

Cohort 2: Infant PK Blood Sampling Eligibility Criteria: M-I pairs enrolled prior to delivery

Infants were enrolled prior to delivery so there were no infant study eligibility criteria. Only infants who met the following criteria were eligible for PK blood sampling:

* Infant born to woman who received at least one dose of RAL within 2 to 24 hours prior to delivery. Dose administered to mother must have been at least 2 hours prior to delivery to allow time for adequate absorption and distribution.
* Infant birth weight less than or equal to 2,500 grams
* Infant not receiving disallowed medications (phenobarbital, phenytoin, rifampin) as described in the protocol. If these medications are required for the infant's care, the infant will be ineligible for further PK sampling. PK data will be obtained up to the time of the introduction of the disallowed medication.
* Infant less than or equal to 48 hours of age
* Infant does not have any severe congenital malformation or other medical condition not compatible with life or that would interfere with study participation or interpretation, as judged by the examining clinician


\- Receipt of disallowed medications (phenobarbital, phenytoin, rifampin) within 4 weeks prior to delivery


* Received disallowed medications (phenobarbital, phenytoin, rifampin)
* Infant has a severe congenital malformation or other medical condition not compatible with life or that would interfere with study participation or interpretation, as judged by the examining clinician
Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)

NIH

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Diana F. Clarke, PharmD

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

Boston Medical Center

Locations

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University of California, UC San Diego CRS- Mother-Child-Adolescent HIV Program

La Jolla, California, United States

Site Status

Miller Children's Hosp. Long Beach CA NICHD CRS

Long Beach, California, United States

Site Status

Usc La Nichd Crs

Los Angeles, California, United States

Site Status

David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA NICHD CRS

Los Angeles, California, United States

Site Status

Univ. of California San Francisco NICHD CRS

San Francisco, California, United States

Site Status

Univ. of Florida Jacksonville NICHD CRS

Jacksonville, Florida, United States

Site Status

Johns Hopkins Univ. Baltimore NICHD CRS

Baltimore, Maryland, United States

Site Status

Boston Medical Center Ped. HIV Program NICHD CRS

Boston, Massachusetts, United States

Site Status

Bronx-Lebanon Hospital Center NICHD CRS

The Bronx, New York, United States

Site Status

Jacobi Med. Ctr. Bronx NICHD CRS

The Bronx, New York, United States

Site Status

St. Jude Children's Research Hospital CRS

Memphis, Tennessee, United States

Site Status

Seattle Children's Research Institute CRS

Seattle, Washington, United States

Site Status

Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceicao NICHD CRS

Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Site Status

Hospital Federal dos Servidores do Estado NICHD CRS

Rio de Janeiro, , Brazil

Site Status

Hosp. Geral De Nova Igaucu Brazil NICHD CRS

Rio de Janeiro, , Brazil

Site Status

Univ. of Sao Paulo Brazil NICHD CRS

São Paulo, , Brazil

Site Status

Soweto IMPAACT CRS

Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa

Site Status

Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC)

Moshi, , Tanzania

Site Status

Chiangrai Prachanukroh Hospital NICHD CRS

Chiang Mai, , Thailand

Site Status

Countries

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Puerto Rico United States Brazil South Africa Tanzania Thailand

References

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Iwamoto M, Wenning LA, Petry AS, Laethem M, De Smet M, Kost JT, Merschman SA, Strohmaier KM, Ramael S, Lasseter KC, Stone JA, Gottesdiener KM, Wagner JA. Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of raltegravir after single and multiple doses in healthy subjects. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2008 Feb;83(2):293-9. doi: 10.1038/sj.clpt.6100281. Epub 2007 Aug 22.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 17713476 (View on PubMed)

Wenning LA, Petry AS, Kost JT, Jin B, Breidinger SA, DeLepeleire I, Carlini EJ, Young S, Rushmore T, Wagner F, Lunde NM, Bieberdorf F, Greenberg H, Stone JA, Wagner JA, Iwamoto M. Pharmacokinetics of raltegravir in individuals with UGT1A1 polymorphisms. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2009 Jun;85(6):623-7. doi: 10.1038/clpt.2009.12. Epub 2009 Mar 11.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 19279563 (View on PubMed)

Provided Documents

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Document Type: Study Protocol

View Document

Document Type: Statistical Analysis Plan

View Document

Related Links

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https://rsc.niaid.nih.gov/sites/default/files/table-for-grading-severity-of-adult-pediatric-adverse-events.pdf

DAIDS Table for Grading the Severity of Adult and Pediatric Adverse Events (DAIDS AE Grading Table), Version 1.0, dated December 2004, Clarification August 2009

Other Identifiers

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11790

Identifier Type: REGISTRY

Identifier Source: secondary_id

IMPAACT P1097

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: secondary_id

P1097

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id